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Curr Opin Neurol 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-Inflammation, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Hospices Civils de Lyon.

Purpose Of Review: The clinical interest for auto-antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has recently reemerged, with the use of more specific detection methods. Large national cohorts have allowed characterizing a more precise clinical spectrum delineated by the presence of human MOG-antibodies.

Recent Findings: In adults with MOG-antibodies, optic neuritis is the most frequent clinical presentation, with features different from multiple sclerosis (MS), including bilateral involvement and predilection for the anterior part of the optic nerve. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;33(1):82-90

Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To describe the clinical characteristics and course of optic neuritis (ON) and its association with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in Korea.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, 125 eyes of 91 Korean patients with ON were included. The medical documents of adult patients with ON were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 4;30:85-93. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.. Electronic address:

Background: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disorder due to AQP4 antibodies.

Objectives: To analyse clinical, neuroimaging features in NMO patients and assess the efficacy of various therapeutics.

Methods: AQP4+ve NMO patients were diagnosed based on consensus diagnostic criteria. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Jan 3;28:230-234. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Neuroimmunologia-Esclerosi múltiple, Servei de Neurología, Hospital Clinic, and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Objective: To determine the frequency and relevance of IgM, and IgA antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in MOG-IgG-associated disease.

Methods: Evaluation of IgM, and IgA MOG antibodies in serum of 120 patients with MOG-IgG (53 pediatric and 67 adults), and 114 patients with seronegative-MOG-IgG (35 children with first demyelinating syndrome, 20 adults with clinically isolated syndrome, and 59 adults with other diseases). Antibodies were examined by cell-based assays. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 5. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and timing of recurrence in patients with optic neuritis (ON).

Methods: Medical documents of adult patients with ON were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence and timing of recurrence of an ON episode were analyzed. Read More

J Neurol 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Service de neurologie, sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la myéline et neuro-inflammation and Centre de référence pour les maladies inflammatoires rares du cerveau et de la moelle (MIRCEM), Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 boulevard Pinel, BRON cedex, 69677, Lyon, France.

Objective: To analyze whether myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) titres at onset of the disease were different according to the clinical phenotype at presentation, and to investigate whether the titres were associated with risk of further relapses or predicted clinical outcome in adult patients. Finally, we assessed an alternative method to the classical measurement of MOG-Ab levels by serial dilutions.

Methods: This is a retrospective study including 79 MOG-Ab-positive adult patients, whose samples were obtained at first episode. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Dec 21;18(1):216. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G1 (MOG-IgG1)-associated disease is suggested as a separate disease entity distinct from multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Nonetheless, the optimal treatment regimen for preventing relapses in MOG-IgG1-associated disease remains unclear.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 45-year-old man with MOG-IgG1-positive highly relapsing optic neuritis who had experienced 5 attacks over 21 months and had monocular blindness despite prednisolone and azathioprine therapy. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Dec;59(15):6045-6056

Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to elucidate the role of folic acid (B9) deficiency in the development of nutritional optic neuritis and to characterize the neurophysiological consequences of optic nerve degeneration in the cortical visual system.

Methods: A combined behavioral and electrophysiological approach was applied to study luminance contrast sensitivity in two macaque monkeys affected by nutritional optic neuritis and in two healthy monkeys for comparison. For one monkey, a follow-up approach was applied to compare visual performance before onset of optic neuropathy, during the disease, and after treatment. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 30;9:1031. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is a group of heterogeneous primary immunodeficiencies sharing defective B lymphocytes maturation and dysregulated immune response and resulting in impaired immunoglobulin production. Clinical picture encompasses increased susceptibility to infections, hematologic malignancies, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Neurological manifestations are uncommon and optic neuritis has been previously reported only in one case with bilateral involvement. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 Jan 28;396:225-231. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background And Objective: Adult demyelinating optic neuritis (ON) with positive myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) has distinct clinical features. This study aimed to investigate the point prevalence, relationship with steroid dependency and prognosis value of MOG-Ab in adult ON.

Methods: Clinical data analysis was undertaken in adults with ON admitted between December 2014 and January 2016. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(48):e13100

Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), a rare, serious, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of 67 patients. 49 and 18 of 67 cases (male/female: 11/56) were AQP4-IgG (+) and AQP4-IgG (-), respectively. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Dec 29;58(12):761-763. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Neurology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital.

We report a case of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) that was diagnosed at the age of 90. After initially developing visual loss in the right eye, a patient was diagnosed with optic neuritis. Although treatment with methylprednisolone therapy provided relief, 3 months later she developed optic neuritis on the other side. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2018 Oct 31;15(1):302. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.

Background: Key clinical features of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) include relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (ON) and steroid dependency, both of which have been reported among patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs). We investigated the relevance of the presence of serum MOG-IgG with the current diagnostic criteria for CRION among patients with idiopathic inflammatory optic neuritis (iON).

Methods: Retrospective reviews of a database prospectively collated between 2011 and 2017 from the tertiary referral center for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica were performed. Read More

Neurologist 2018 Nov;23(6):183-184

Department of Neurology, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Introduction: Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) is specific for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and so is helpful to distinguish NMOSD from other autoimmune diseases. Several viral infections may play a role in the onset of NMOSD.

Case Report: We describe a case of a previous healthy 82-year-old woman who presented with acute visual loss occurring 3 weeks after scrub typhus. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 26;18(1):278. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Ocular Oftalmologia, Vitória, Brazil.

Background: Sudden visual loss and optic disc edema caused by optic neuritis (ON) is usually followed by significant visual recovery. However, little or no recovery occurs when the loss is caused by atypical ON, especially in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Optic disc drusen (ODD) is a cause of pseudo optic disc edema and may be a predisposing factor for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), thereby mimicking atypical ON. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;66(11):1647-1649

Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

A 67-year-old male patient with poorly controlled type-2 diabetes mellitus developed an orbital apex syndrome and anterior cavernous syndrome secondary to herpetic zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), despite being on oral acyclovir. Urgent treatment with intravenous acyclovir led to improvement of the orbital and ocular inflammation but had no effect on the complete ophthalmoplegia and profound visual loss. At the 9-month follow-up visit, the patient had complete unilateral ophthalmoplegia and monocular blindness due to optic atrophy. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Oct 24;18(1):177. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) often coexist with connective tissue disorders (CTD). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the features of NMOSD with and without CTD.

Methods: NMOSD patients with (n = 18) and without CTD (n = 39) were enrolled, and the clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the two groups were assessed. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2018 Oct 22;15(1):294. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, 1246 Health Sciences East Tower, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0521, USA.

Background: Aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (herein called NMO) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which AQP4-IgG binding to AQP4 on astrocytes results in complement-dependent astrocyte injury and secondary inflammation, demyelination, and neuron loss. We previously reported evidence for a complement bystander mechanism for early oligodendrocyte injury in NMO. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that complement bystander injury, which involves diffusion to nearby cells of activated soluble complement components from complement-injured astrocytes, is a general phenomenon that may contribute to neuronal injury in NMO. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Oct 16;12(1):316. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune, NJ, 07753, USA.

Background: Autoimmune reactions have been associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection. Among these optic neuritis is a rare presentation with only a handful of cases reported in the literature thus far. The pathophysiologic mechanism governing this phenomenon includes high levels of circulating immune complexes, tissue deposit, and complement activation cascade. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Oct 9;18(1):168. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Wei fang Medical University, No 2428 Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261031, Shandong, China.

Background: Besides CSF-flow obstruction, syringomyelia is associated with inflammatory spinal cord lesions. However, syringomyelia-like syndrome concomitant with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is extremely rare. Here, we would like to report a case of a patient with syringomyelia-like syndrome in NMOSD complicated with Sjogren's Syndrome. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Jan 3;27:20-22. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Case Report: The association of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and primary demyelinating disease of central nervous system (CNS) in the same patient is rare. Here we present a 10-year-old girl formerly diagnosed with JIA who presented with acute total vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord showed bilateral optic neuritis and T2 hyperintense lesions in the brain, cerebellum and cervical spinal cord, some of them gadolinium-enhancing. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Oct 7;2018. Epub 2018 Oct 7.

Professor, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease commonly affecting the tropical countries. It may have protean clinical manifestations including hepatorenal dysfunction, myocarditis, pulmonary haemorrhage, meningitis, optic neuritis and rhabdomyolysis. Neurological manifestation of leptospirosis without the classical hepatorenal dysfunction is a rare entity. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Oct 4;18(1):165. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Background: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is an inflammation related to reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus (VZV), involving the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Optic neuritis (ON), a rare ocular complication following HZO, has been reported in 1.9% of HZO-affected eyes. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(39):e12197

Ophthalmology Department, Oculoplastics.

Rationale: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an inflammatory condition of unknown cause. Cancer might be related to the development of certain IgG4-RD but to date, little literature documents it.

Patient Concerns: A 78-year old man presented with unilateral proptosis responsive to steroids, initially attributed to nonspecific orbital inflammation. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Oct 29;58(10):636-641. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center.

A 20-year-old female was hospitalized due to generalized seizure two weeks after an infection. She reported disorientation, neck stiffness and weakness in her legs. MRI FLAIR images and TWI on her first visit to our hospital showed hyperintense lesions in the bilateral cingulate gyrus and the medial region of the superior frontal gyrus. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 28;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

In this case report, we describe the course of a female patient who is known to have neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and developed left hemiparesis and unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. She was initially treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 5 days without improvement. Subsequently, she received five sessions of a plasmapheresis. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Sep 29;18(1):160. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Ögonklinik A Kioskgatan 1, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden.

Background: To investigate visual recovery after treatment of acute optic neuritis (ON) with either oral or intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone, in order to establish the best route of administration.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients treated with oral or intravenous high-dose (≥500 mg per day) methylprednisolone for acute ON of unknown or demyelinating etiology. Twenty-eight patients were included in each treatment group. Read More

BMC Neurol 2018 Sep 29;18(1):159. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or stenosis (here collectively referred to as cerebral venous sinus occlusion, CVSO) can cause chronically-elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Patients may have no neurological symptoms other than visual impairment, secondary to bilateral papilledema. Correctly recognizing these conditions, through proper ophthalmological examination and brain imaging, is very important to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 14;18(1):247. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) can now be distinguished from other types of ON as a specific disease by the Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) test. NMOSD-ON can cause severe retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics between NMOSD- ON and idiopathic optic neuritis (IDON) were seldom studied in Asians. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2018 Nov - Dec;39(6):791-795. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore. Electronic address:

Background: Optic neuritis resulting from paranasal sinusitis is an infrequently described but clinically important and treatable entity. The role of optic nerve decompression has been well established in atraumatic optic neuropathies which are compressive in origin. However, its role in optic neuritis and other infective or inflammatory processes is lacking, and the role for early surgical intervention remains controversial. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 8;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Medicine of the Elderly Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

This case describes an 81-year-old woman with a history of Sjögren's syndrome presenting with recurrent falls and poor balance. She subsequently developed new and rapidly evolving neurology including hyperaesthesia, spastic paraplegia and sphincteric dysfunction. Following serial clinical reviews and detailed investigations, MRI (brainstem and cervicothoracic spine) and a seropositive result for aquaporin 4 IgG, a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) was made. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 31;25:329-333. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Electronic address:

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in multiple sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optic (NMO) patients and can impair the immunological status. As a tropical country, Indonesia has a lot of sunshine throughout the year as a source of vitamin D. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the serum vitamin D-25(OH) level in Indonesian MS and NMO patients to healthy individuals. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 24;25:309-315. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Japan.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and recently, studies on these symptoms in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are increasing. Previous studies suggest that these symptoms have negative effects on the quality of life. Resilience has garnered more interest as one of the protective factors that works to prevent psychiatric symptoms in past decades. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 1;25:300-308. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Ministry of Health of Malaysia.

We performed a retrospective observational analytical study looking at the frequencies and characteristics of multiple sclerosis(MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD) in consecutive patients with idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (IIDDs) attending three centers (2009-2017). Of 523 patients with IIDDs, there were 173 patients with NMOSD and 230 patients with MS. The percentage of NMOSD: IIDDs was 33%. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 17;25:268-270. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Division of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; Demyelinating Diseases Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; Clinical Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Background: Previous studies have investigated the influence of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) on pregnancy in other ethnic groups. However, there are potential variations among ethnic groups. The obstetric outcome of Mexican patients with NMO and AQP4-IgG positivity (AQP4-IgG[+]) is currently unknown. Read More

PLoS One 2018 27;13(8):e0202774. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.

Purpose: To evaluate B-mode ultrasound as a novel method for objective and quantitative assessment of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in a prospective case-control study.

Methods: Seventeen patients with unilateral optic neuropathy and a clinically detectable RAPD and 17 age and sex matched healthy controls were examined with B-mode ultrasound using an Esaote-Mylab25 system according to current guidelines for orbital insonation. The swinging flashlight test was performed during ultrasound assessment with a standardized light stimulus using a penlight. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 13;25:258-264. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address:

Objective: We aimed to validate administrative case definitions to identify individuals with optic neuritis (ON) or transverse myelitis (TM), and to distinguish which of these individuals had a monophasic presentation versus multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: Using population-based administrative (health claims) data from Manitoba, Canada, we developed case definitions for ON and TM, and distinguished individuals who had monophasic presentations (ON-nonMS, TM-nonMS) versus those later diagnosed with MS (ON-MS, TM-MS). We compared performance of these case definitions to diagnoses based on medical records review in a reference cohort (n = 1251) using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 9;25:246-250. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Center for Research on Neuroimmunological Diseases (CIEN), Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Montañeses 2325, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health (CEBES), Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Objective: Test the ability of a brain and spinal cord MRI criteria to differentiate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and MOG-disease from MS. MRI criteria was further tested in patients with CIS and pediatric MS.

Background: MOG-disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders can present clinical and radiological features strikingly similar to those of MS. Read More

PLoS One 2018 22;13(8):e0201730. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Institut de la Vision, UPMC, Inserm-CNRS, Paris, France.

Purpose: To use and test a new method of inducing endogenously generated pupillary oscillations (POs) in patients with unilateral optic neuritis (ON), to describe a signal analysis approach quantifying pupil activity and to evaluate the extent to which POs permit to discriminate patients from control participants.

Method: Pupil size was recorded with an eye-tracker and converted in real time to modulate the luminance of a stimulus (a 20° disk) presented in front of participants. With this biofeedback setting, an increasing pupil size transforms into a high luminance, entraining a pupil constriction that in turn decreases the stimulus luminance, and so on, resulting in endogenously generated POs. Read More

Acta Neurol Scand 2018 Dec 14;138(6):566-573. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

Institutes of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

Objectives: To measure early structural damage caused by autoimmune inflammatory optic neuritis (ON) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a population-based cohort.

Methods: In a prospective population-based study over 24 months in Southern Denmark, patients diagnosed with acute ON and without prior diagnosis of a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder were included and examined with OCT, visual evoked potentials (VEP), visual fields, high contrast visual acuity (HCVA), and low contrast letter acuity (LCLA). Structural and functional outcomes were determined at 6-month follow-up based on interocular differences. Read More

Intern Med 2018 Dec 10;57(24):3611-3613. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Korea.

Linezolid is a useful drug for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, the associated toxicities, especially optic neuritis, are a major obstacle for its long-term use. We recently experienced a case of severe optic and peripheral neuropathy during the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Sep;29(5):419-422

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadephia, PA.

Purpose Of Review: Pediatric optic neuritis may be challenging to diagnose and treat. Significant clinical investigation of optic neuritis occurring in adults guides current clinical practices. Differences in presentation and prognosis exist for pediatric patients with optic neuritis when compared with adults including the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Read More

Indian J Gastroenterol 2018 Jul 8;37(4):365-369. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India.

Patients suffering from acute intractable vomiting are usually treated in the Gastroenterology department. The causes of acute intractable vomiting range from acute pancreatitis and acute intestinal obstruction to cardiac causes like acute myocardial infarction and neurological causes like posterior circulation stroke. However, most of the underlying causes of acute intractable vomiting also produce other telltale signs/symptoms. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 10 27;25:163-164. Epub 2018 Jul 27.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Beth Israel.

J Neurol 2018 Oct 2;265(10):2284-2294. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

Objective: To evaluate volumetric changes and discriminative power of intra-retinal layers in early-stage multiple sclerosis (MS) using a 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging method based on an in-house segmentation algorithm.

Methods: 3D analysis of intra-retinal layers was performed in 71 patients with early-stage MS (mean disease duration 2.2 ± 3. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 21;25:104-107. Epub 2018 Jul 21.

Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China. Electronic address:

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is a classical autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The relapsing-remitting disease course contributes to application of a variety of immunosuppressants to prevent further relapses after high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy for acute attacks. Azathioprine is one of the most widely used immunosuppressive drugs during the remission stage of NMO due to its good efficacy and favorable side-effect profile. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 17;25:87-94. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Serviço de Neurologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: Antibodies against Myelin Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab) have been investigated as potential biological marker for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and high-risk syndromes (HR) negative for AQP4-Ab in populations with different ethnic background. We tested AQP4 and MOG antibodies in a Brazilian population with high African ethnic background.

Method: The study population was composed of adult patients from Rio de Janeiro with inflammatory demyelinating diseases (new and old cases). Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 20;25:83-86. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) typically lead to spastic paraparesis and spare the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Case Report: Here, we describe an anti-aquaporin-4-seropositive NMOSD patient suffering from acute transverse myelitis with painful, flaccid paralysis and incontinence of urine and feces. Due to the involvement of the PNS as indicated by electrodiagnostic examination, we verified the expression of aquaporin-4-channels on the proximal dorsal spinal radix of rats by staining rat tissue with human NMOSD serum. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018 Oct 24;25:73-76. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Division of neuroscience, INSPE, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi, 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

The coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the same family is a rare event. We report a familial case originating from Sardinia of two siblings: one with NMOSD and one with MS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed that the two affected siblings were HLA-identical, sharing risk-increasing alleles, while a younger unaffected sister was haploidentical to her siblings but she also carried protective alleles. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018 Dec 23;174(10):716-721. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address:

Background: Gender issues and the female preponderance in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been investigated before, yet the interplay between NMOSD and menstrual characteristics has remained unknown. Thus, the aim was to compare menstrual cycle patterns and their symptoms in NMOSD patients and healthy women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015-2016 in Isfahan, Iran, and included female patients aged>14years with a diagnosis of NMOSD and healthy subjects as controls. Read More