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Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2021 Oct-Dec;28(4):263-266. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Lateral rectus palsy presenting as abduction deficit resulting in diplopia is attributed to neurogenic causes. Metastasis as a cause of sixth cranial palsy is an extremely rare entity but cannot be overlooked. Cases of metastasis to lateral rectus secondary to lung and breast carcinoma have been reported. Read More

Brain Nerve 2022 Jun;74(6):811-816

Department of Neurology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine.

A 70-year-old woman visited our hospital with hypertension, diplopia, and right orbital pain. Neurological examination revealed right ophthalmoplegia. CT angiography and MRI identified a right persistent trigeminal artery (PTA), right persistent hypoglossal artery, and bovine aortic arch. Read More

Intern Med 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical College, Japan.

Medicina (B Aires) 2022 ;82(3):445-447

Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Midbrain strokes are rare and are usually accompanied by other concomitant injuries. The simultaneous presence of ipsi and contralateral signs makes it necessary to think of a brainstem syndrome due to involvement of the brainstem. Magnetic nuclear resonance is the study of choice to characterize and locate the lesion. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 May 28;77:103674. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Somalia.

Introduction: and importance: Weber's syndrome is a rare type of brain stem stroke syndrome that is characterized by ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis. The most common etiology is a midbrain infarction caused by occlusion of the paramedian branches of the posterior cerebral artery or the perforating branches of the basilar bifurcation. Although there are many multiple brainstem strokes, it is uncommon to see this syndrome. Read More

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022 Jun 26;22(6):313-325. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To review emerging treatments for thyroid eye disease (TED) associated extraocular muscle myopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Recent Findings: Emerging targeted biologic therapies may alter the disease course in TED. Teprotumumab, a type I insulin-like growth factor receptor inhibitor, is the most recent addition to the treatments available for TED-associated extraocular muscle myopathy causing diplopia. Read More

Neuroradiology 2022 May 24. Epub 2022 May 24.

Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Purpose: Symptoms of cranial neuritis are a common presentation of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Imaging studies are scarce and report contradictory low prevalence of enhancement compared to clinical studies of cranial neuropathy. We hypothesized that MRI enhancement of cranial nerves in LNB is underreported, and aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical impact of cranial nerve enhancement in early LNB. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022 May;102(19):1468-1471

Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.

Nine patients with large complex paraclinoid aneurysms were treated by hybrid surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2016 and July 2021. Intraoperative angiography was conducted for real-time evaluation of the aneurysm and its clipping efficacy. A total of 8 aneurysms were clipped under temporary proximal control with balloon occlusion. Read More

J Neuroimmunol 2022 Jul 5;368:577882. Epub 2022 May 5.

Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy. Electronic address:

A 67-years-old woman developed subacute oculomotor nerve palsy and cerebellar gait instability while receiving avelumab as immunotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma. Brain MRI revealed oculomotor nerve T2/FLAIR hyperintensity and contrast enhancement, CSF cell number and protein concentration were slightly increased. Antibodies against intracellular and surface antigens were excluded through commercial assays, but home-made immunohistochemistry on rat brain sections showed a "neurofilament-like" pattern. Read More

Vestn Oftalmol 2022 ;138(2):108-113

Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Endoscopic surgery of the accessory nasal sinuses (ANA) is widely used as the main treatment method for ANA diseases. It is a well-proven, safe and effective method. However, occasionally certain complications may occur. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022 Jul 29;164(7):1911-1922. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: This study defines the specific areas that connect the surgical corridors of the endoscopic endonasal (EEA) and transorbital approach (TOA) to identify adequate clinical applications and perspectives of this combined multiportal approach.

Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent combined EEA and TOA procedures for various pathologies involving multiple compartments of the skull base were enrolled.

Results: A total of eight patients (2 chondrosarcomas, 2 meningiomas, 2 schwannomas, 1 glioma, and 1 traumatic optic neuropathy) were included between August 2016 and April 2021. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Mar 24;9(4). Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.

Optic pathway gliomas in children carry significant morbidity and therapeutic challenges. For the subgroup of pre-chiasmatic gliomas, intraorbital and intradural resection is a curative option after blindness. We present a two-center cohort using different surgical approaches. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022 Mar 25. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Head, Neuro-Ophthalmology and Strabology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.

Purpose: Orbital fractures (OFs) are common, but their association with concomitant traumatic ocular nerve palsy (TONP) is exceptional and may potentially cause confusing clinical pictures of oculomotor involvement. The purpose of the present study is to describe a series of patients with OFs and concomitant TONP following facial trauma and to evaluate clinical features, diagnostic pitfalls, and final functional outcome.

Methods: The investigators designed and implemented a retrospective case series and enrolled a sample of patients with OFs and concomitant TONP who had been managed at the University Hospitals of Geneva between 2013 and 2020. Read More

F1000Res 2021 11;10:1142. Epub 2021 Nov 11.

Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.

Neurological complications following vaccinations are extremely rare, but cannot be eliminated. Here, we report the first case of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) with anti-GQ1b antibody after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine. A 65-year-old man developed diplopia and ptosis in the right eye 17 days after vaccination, without preceding infection. Read More

Neurologist 2022 Apr 18. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School.

Introduction: The approach to oculomotor nerve palsies involves the exclusion of compressive, infective, inflammatory, or ischemic lesions. Dural arteriovenous fistulae, including carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF), are known causes of third nerve palsy. However, diagnosis can sometimes be delayed or missed due to the various clinical presentations. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 04 15;12(1):6259. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Goal of the study was to evaluate bony orbit remodeling and extraocular muscle (EOM) volume in thyroid eye disease (TED) and their role as predicting factors for development of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Orbital computed tomography of 92 patients with TED with (76 orbits) or without DON (98 orbits) were retrospectively evaluated. Orbits (n = 40) of subjects without TED served as controls. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2022 06 25;42(2):154-162. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Neurology (IL, ML), Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Treadwell Virtual Library for the Massachusetts General Hospital (ML), Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: A worldwide mass vaccination campaign against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently underway. Although the safety data of the clinical trials did not report specific concerns regarding neuro-ophthalmological adverse events, they involved a limited number of individuals and were conducted over a relatively short time. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available postmarketing data regarding the occurrence of neuro-ophthalmological and other ocular complications of the COVID-19 vaccines. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2021 Oct 12. Epub 2021 Oct 12.

Tianjin Medical University, Clinical College of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin, China.

Aim: To explore the surgical approach, technique and clinical effect of treating basilar bifurcation aneurysms.

Material And Methods: The clinical data of basilar bifurcation aneurysms treated by neuro-microsurgery are retrospectively analyzed in from September 2013 to September 2018. The aneurysms were treated via subtemporal approach and frontotemporal approach. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 8;14(3):e22948. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Cardiology, Saint Joseph University Hospital, Paterson, USA.

Unilateral Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy is a rare neurological complication after cardiac catheterization. Concomitant thalamus and midbrain infarction secondary to embolic events involving the artery of Percheron after cardiac catheterization have been reported in the literature. However, isolated midbrain infarction is a rare neurological deficit. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 7;14(3):e22919. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Neuroradiology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is considered to occur more commonly in children than in adults. It commonly affects the oculomotor nerve among the cranial nerves. Demyelination of the nerve is proposed as the main mechanism for the etiology of ophthalmoplegic migraine, though it is not fully understood. Read More

QJM 2022 06;115(6):395-396

Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa Municipal Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 921-8105, Japan. email:

Infect Dis (Lond) 2022 Aug 7;54(8):600-613. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: The newly emerged pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is the world's main health challenge because infected patients become vulnerable to a variety of opportunistic diseases.

Objective: This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes, diagnosis, utilized drug therapies, and ongoing COVID-19 practices in Iranian cases co-infected with COVID-19 and mucormycosis.

Participants And Methods: A case-series analysis was conducted in the presence of 10 patients with COVID-19 and mucormycosis co-infection (two men and eight women; mean age of 48. Read More

Heliyon 2022 Apr 30;8(4):e09211. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

Acquired third nerve palsies are infrequently seen in children, but are often associated with serious pathologies. This article presents a pediatric case of tumor-associated, isolated third nerve palsy, which took two years to diagnose. The patient initially presented with an isolated, dilated pupil and progressed over several months to a complete third nerve palsy. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2022 Apr 29;62(4):281-285. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Department of Neurology, Anti-aging and Vascular medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College.

The patient was a 14-year-old boy with two previous episodes of self-remitting right ophthalmoplegia with right temporal pain at ages 9 and 12. In 2019, he developed right eyelid ptosis and diplopia 2 days after a pulsating right-sided temporoparietal headache. Recurrent headaches with ophthalmoplegia responded to high-dose steroid therapy, and the clinical features resembled recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON). Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2021 30;12:634. Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.

Background: Transvenous embolization through the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) is the most common treatment procedure for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (CSDAVF). When the IPS is inaccessible or the CSDAVF cannot be treated with transvenous embolization through the IPS, the superficial temporal vein (STV) is used as an alternative access route. However, the approach through the STV is often challenging because of its tortuous and abruptly angulated course. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 20;14(2):e22408. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, USA.

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is an expansion of a pituitary adenoma due to infarction or hemorrhage of the gland. The term apoplexy usually describes larger bleeds leading to a sudden onset of symptoms. Although it is a rare condition, it can be a life-threatening emergency. Read More

Neurology 2022 05 25;98(19):806-807. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

From the Syrian Lebanese Hospital (P.E.L.F.), São Paulo; Federal University of Southern Border (C.K.), Passo Fundo; Emílio Ribas Infectology Institute (M.V.F., L.d.O.P., J.E.V., A.C.P.O.); and University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics (J.E.V.), Brazil.

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2022 Mar 25:1-12. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

1Neurosurgery Department.

Objective: Real-time, MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has been reported as a safe and effective technique for the treatment of epileptogenic foci in children and adults. After the recent approval of MRgLITT by the European Medicines Agency in April 2018, the authors began to use it for the treatment of hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) in pediatric patients with the assistance of a robotic arm. In this study, the authors report their initial experience describing the surgical technique, accuracy of the robotic arm, safety, and efficacy. Read More

J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg 2022 Mar 23. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Global Neurosciences Institute, Chester, PA, USA.

We present a case series of two patients who developed unilateral cranial nerve III (CNIII) palsy following non-aneurysmal SAH (NASAH). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can present with various signs and symptoms. Early diagnosis is paramount to determine treatment course. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2022 Mar 8;28:e934657. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland).

Adie's pupil, also called tonic pupil, is mainly seen in young women. Most patients have unilateral eye involvement. The pupil of the affected side is significantly larger than that on the healthy side. Read More