Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Front Neurol 2020 4;11:440. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache with unilateral ophthalmoplegia due to paresis of cranial nerve III, IV, or VI. The recent revision to the International Headache Classification has reclassified it as recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON). However, it is of note that the presentation of oculomotor nerve tumors may mimic RPON. Read More

J AAPOS 2020 Jun 6. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.

Lateral rectus transposition to the medial rectus muscle has recently generated interest in the management of oculomotor nerve palsy. We report 4 cases of complete oculomotor nerve palsy with a large-angle exotropia that were treated with a modified adjustable nasal transposition of the split lateral rectus muscle. Forced duction testing for the lateral rectus muscle showed good adduction in all 4 cases. Read More

Front Neurol 2020 21;11:433. Epub 2020 May 21.

Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) can be used to test central vestibular pathways from the midbrain to the lumbar spine, according to the muscle tested. to compare the spinal cord alteration in individuals with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) and with HTLV-1-asymptomatic infection using the VEMP recorded from different muscles. VEMP was recorded in 90 individuals of whom 30 had HAM, 30 were HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers, and 30 negative controls. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 Jun 8:1-8. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Anyang, Korea.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence, prevalence, and etiologies of third cranial nerve (CN3) palsy in Koreans.

Methods: Data were collected from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database of South Korea and analyzed. Incident CN3 palsy subjects in the cohort population were defined as cases occurring after the initial 4-year or longer washout period. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection has a high prevalence worldwide. Within the multiple ophthalmologic manifestations that VZV can cause, sudden diplopia is among them. A review is presented of four clinical cases of 3rd and 4th oculomotor nerve palsies in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 May 22;195:105920. Epub 2020 May 22.

Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.

Background: The Oculomotor nerve (OCN) lies in a close relationship with large arteries inside the basal cisterns. Therefore, it may be compressed by vascular malformations or aneurysms. Nevertheless, the compression is not always related to pathologic conditions. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Jun 30;43(6):550-551. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Fondation Ophtalmologique de Rothschild, 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France. Electronic address:

J Clin Rheumatol 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

From the Department of Clinical Immunology andRheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

World Neurosurg 2020 May 11;140:288-292. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Endodermal cysts of the oculomotor nerve are rare presentations. Only case reports are available to help guide clinicians with managing this rare entity.

Case Description: A 3-year-old boy presented with an acute on chronic left oculomotor nerve palsy due to a left interpeduncular cistern cyst found on magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

Korean J Neurotrauma 2020 Apr 23;16(1):85-89. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Clip compression injury of oculomotor nerve (ON) is a preventable complication of aneurysm microsurgery. The author illustrates this condition in which ON was inadvertently occluded by the clip during repairing posterior communicating artery (PcoA) aneurysm. The report indicates that the surgeon should be meticulous in identifying and protecting ON at clipping stage when PcoA aneurysm prematurely bursts. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020 Mar 12;164. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam,locatie VUmc, afd. Oogheelkunde & expertisecentrum voor neuro-oftalmologie.

Testing the pupillary response is a quick and valuable diagnostic measure for certain neurological and ophthalmological diseases in patients. The pupillary response can aid in localizing abnormalities in important parts of the visual system and brainstem, provided that the tests are executed and interpreted correctly. When an abnormal pupillary response is found, it is important to differentiate between an afferent problem (eyeball, retina, optical nerve), brain stem pathology, or an efferent problem (parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve, iris sphincter muscle). Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Health Care, Stanford CA. Electronic address:

Cavernous malformations of the midbrain require careful consideration of the risks and benefits of intervention, as well as optimal surgical approach for these challenging lesions. Excellent results can be achieved with careful surgical planning and technique. In this operative video, we demonstrate a contralateral left pterional craniotomy for trans-lamina terminalis approach to CO2 laser-assisted microsurgical resection of a thalamo-mesencephalic cavernoma in a 59 year old female presenting with progressive debilitating diplopia secondary to partial third nerve palsy. Read More

MMW Fortschr Med 2020 Apr;162(8):46-47

Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München - Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377, München, Deutschland.

Br J Neurosurg 2020 Apr 16:1-3. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Coventry, England.

Intracranial lipomas are rare, benign lesions, of congenital origin commonly found incidentally on imaging studies. We describe a case of interpeduncular lipoma in an 18 year-old female presenting with a painful left complete oculomotor (IIIrd) nerve palsy and associated headache, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported in an adult patient. Following eye patching and steroid treatment, at 6-week follow-up the patient's pain had significantly improved however the complete IIIrd nerve palsy remained. Read More

Case Rep Neurol Med 2020 30;2020:6737018. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Neurology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.

Objective: Painful ophthalmoplegia includes nonspecific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations and various clinical features including orbital pain and cranial nerve palsies. Treatment for painful ophthalmoplegia remains controversial. The aim of this report was to describe detailed clinical features, MRI findings, treatments, and prognosis of patients with painful ophthalmoplegia. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Apr 11;139:31-38. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital (AP-HP), University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France.

Background: Tumors arising from oculomotor nerve are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Generally, whereas schwannomas are well encapsulated tumors, neurofibromas tend to invade the entire nerve fibers. These differences influence surgical resection and neurological clinical outcome, with neurofibroma often requiring the sacrifice of the nerve. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 Jun 12;19(6):1307-1310. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Hyaluronic acid filler injection is commonly used for aesthetic purposes. However, many clinicians neglect the possibility of developing vascular occlusion and its devastating sequelae. Besides visual loss after iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion, ophthalmoplegia without blindness is rare but may occur. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Mar 30;9(4). Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection can cause chickenpox and herpes zoster. It sometimes involves cranial nerves, and rarely, it can involve multiple cranial nerves. We aimed to study clinical presentations of cranial nerve involvement in herpes zoster infection. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2020 Apr 1;134(4):369-371. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Objective: This paper presents a case of an isolated pituitary fossa metastasis on a background of a previously treated tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

Case Report: A 64-year-old male, diagnosed with a primary p16-negative squamous cell carcinoma in the right tonsil, was treated with a course of chemoradiotherapy with curative intent. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography, performed at six months post-treatment, revealed a good local response and no distant metastases. Read More

Neurology 2020 Apr 27;94(16):e1774-e1777. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

eNeurologicalSci 2020 Jun 10;19:100235. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.

Septo-optic dysplasia is a rare brain malformation that can be associated with anomalous cortical development, such as schizencephaly, which is referred to as septo-optic dysplasia plus. This report describes septo-optic dysplasia-plus associated with unilateral atrophy of the midbrain and oculomotor nerve deficiency, which was diagnosed on MRI in a teenage male who presented with ophthalmoplegia. Read More

Clin Med (Lond) 2020 Mar;20(2):224-226

Great Western Hospital, Swindon, UK.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an important condition to suspect and treat early, as failure to do so can result in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and subsequent permanent visual loss.A 71-year-old woman presented to her local emergency department with a 1-week history of constant, moderate-severe global headache associated with intermittent periorbital pain. Two weeks later she developed sudden horizontal diplopia. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020 Mar;56(3):166-170

Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab. of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300020, China.

There are many pathogenic factors of strabismus. In addition to the changes of alignment and ocular movement, there may be abnormal pathways and development of extraocular muscles, abnormalities of orbital and intraorbital connective tissue, paralysis of cranial nerves (oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abductor nerve), and nuclear and supranuclear lesions, accompanied by other cerebral dysplasia sometimes. In recent years, advances in imaging technology and its application in the professional field of strabismus have made it possible to clearly observe the eye, orbital, intracranial, and innervation changes, which is helpful to clarify the etiology of strabismus and extraocular muscle-related diseases, and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020 Jun 5;41:102040. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Autoantibody against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has been reported in a range of demyelinating neurological entities. Recent studies demonstrate a wider spectrum of MOG-IgG-associated disorders with the discovery of MOG-IgG-positive brainstem encephalitis, cortical encephalitis, and cranial nerve involvement with concurrent central nervous system involvement. We present a MOG-IgG-positive pediatric patient diagnosed with isolated oculomotor neuritis without concurrent central nervous system neuroimaging lesions, in the absence of a demyelinating event. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Mar 13;2020. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine.

Summary: Papillary thyroid gland carcinoma is the most common type of malignancy of the endocrine system. Metastases to the pituitary gland have been described as a complication of papillary thyroid cancer in few reported cases since 1965. We report the case of a 68-year-old female patient with a well-differentiated form of thyroid gland cancer. Read More

HNO 2020 May;68(5):313-323

Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle, Deutschland.

Background: Eye movements are one of the most complex motor functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Eye movement disorders including nystagmus occur in diseases of the CNS and the vestibular system. A systematic clinical examination often allows a topodiagnostic classification of the lesion. Read More

Rinsho Ketsueki 2020 ;61(2):116-121

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahi General Hospital.

An 85-year-old man presented with right eye ptosis and visual abnormalities. Due to a lack of abnormal findings on plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and laboratory examination, prednisolone therapy was initiated, and ocular myasthenia gravis and ocular symptoms subjectively improved. However, anorexia and conscious disorder appeared during the same period, and he was hospitalized for scrutiny. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2020 Mar 5. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Alsace, France.

Background: There is no consensus regarding the best treatment option for unruptured aneurysms of the posterior communicating artery (PCom) presenting with oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). We aimed to assess predictors of ONP recovery in a multicenter series of consecutive patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of prospective databases in three tertiary neurosurgical centers was carried out, selecting patients with ONP caused by unruptured PCom aneurysms, treated by surgical clipping or embolization, between January 2006 and December 2013. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Mar;36(3):e172-e174

From the Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN.

In this case report, we describe a unique case of Haemophilus influenzae type A meningitis in a 7-month-old previously healthy girl that presented with an isolated cranial nerve (oculomotor) palsy without other signs and symptoms classically associated with this entity such as fever, meningismus, or a generally ill appearance. Oculomotor nerve abnormalities are rare in pediatrics. Congenital oculomotor palsy is the most common cause followed by trauma, infection, inflammatory conditions, neoplasm, aneurysm or other vascular events, and ophthalmoplegic migraines, respectively. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 Feb 26;2020. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Departments of Diabetes and EndocrinologyConnolly Hospital Blanchardstown, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Summary: We present three cases of acute diabetic neuropathy and highlight a potentially underappreciated link between tightening of glycaemic control and acute neuropathies in patients with diabetes. Case 1: A 56-year-old male with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was commenced on basal-bolus insulin. He presented 6 weeks later with a diffuse painful sensory neuropathy and postural hypotension. Read More

J Neurol 2020 May 25;267(5):1550-1553. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430000, China.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020 Jun 26;162(6):1249-1257. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.

Background: Ocular motor dysfunction is one of the most common postoperative complications of petroclival meningioma. However, its incidence, recovery rate, and independent risk factors remain poorly explored.

Methods: A prospective analysis of 31 petroclival meningiomas was performed. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2019 ;61(2):200-208

Department of Pediatric Neurology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.

Kılıç B, Güngör S, Özgör B. Clinical, electrophysiological findings and evaluation of prognosis of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 200-208. Read More

Neurology 2020 02 20;94(5):e562-e563. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

From the Department of Neurology (G.K., R.L.) and Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cohens Children's Hospital and Medical Center (Y.D.S.), Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Glen Oaks; and Department of Neurology (R.L.), Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell and North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY.

Clin Imaging 2020 May 10;61:11-14. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

Kirklareli State Hospital, Radiology Department, Yayla Mahallesi, 39000 Merkez, Kirklareli, Turkey.

Anterior choroidal artery (AChoA) aneurysms are rare intracranial aneurysms, which are treated with endovascular techniques or surgical clipping procedures. AChoA aneurysm may have variable symptomatologies, clinical courses, and outcomes due to the eloquent territory of the artery. We have presented 3 cases of AChoA aneurysms, which differ from each other and literature by rare oculomotor nerve palsy, antiplatelet treatment complication and near-complete late resolution of the oculomotor nerve palsy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jan 2;13(1). Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

A 40-year-old healthy man presented with a 4-month history of photophobia, blurred vision and a right dilated pupil. Examination revealed a right pupil that was not reactive to light but constricted strongly to a near target and slowly redilated when he looked back in the distance. Pharmacological testing with dilute pilocarpine 0. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 Feb 20;72:463-466. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. Electronic address:

Intracranial lipomas are rare and often located in the midline of the brain. Intracranial lipomas are often associated with malformations of the brain such as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, but rarely with vascular malformations. A man presented with left-sided facial pain at the age of 31. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 Dec 16. Epub 2019 Dec 16.

Departments of Ophthalmology (YM, KSE, HTL) and Neurology (E-JL, D-WK, SUK, JSK), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Neuro-ophthalmologic deficit after thalamic infarction has been of great concern to ophthalmologists because of its debilitating impacts on patients' daily living. We aimed to describe the visual and oculomotor features of thalamic infarction and to delineate clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of the oculomotor deficits from an ophthalmologic point of view.

Methods: Clinical and neuroimaging data of all participants were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2020 Jan 6;10(1):48-50. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Neurosciences, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

The occurrence of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) in the setting of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) has not been previously reported. We report a case of a 55-year-old Chinese man with established cutaneous lupus who presented with 1 week of worsening blurry vision and ptosis of the left eye with severe headache 2 weeks prior to presentation. His cranial nerve examination was significant for left afferent pupillary defect, red desaturation, ptosis, and oculomotor nerve palsy. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2019 Dec;29(12):1218-1220

Department of Ophthalmology, Foundation University Medical College / Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

We present a case of bilateral isolated superior rectus paresis in a 13-year girl who presented with alternating exotropia and hypertropia. She demonstrated bilateral paresis of elevation in abduction with an overaction of both the contralateral yoke muscles, i.e. Read More

Natl Med J India 2019 Jan-Feb;32(1):53

Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 9;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 9.

Rheumatology, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem inflammatory disease which can involve many organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Though not very common, the results can be severely debilitating. The spectrum of the CNS involvement includes meningitis, encephalitis and occasionally rheumatoid nodules. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019 Dec 9;56:e76-e78. Epub 2019 Dec 9.

Ocular complications of adenotonsillectomy are rare. The authors describe a 6-year-old boy who developed mydrasis and limitations of supraduction and infraduction after adenotonsillectomy. This was attributed to the hemorrhagic compression of the nerve in the cavernous sinus. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2019 Dec 4. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Department of Neuroophthalmology, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To evaluate the demography, aetiology and clinical course of acute onset binocular diplopia (AOBD) in patients presented as emergency and managed at the neuroophthalmology clinic of a tertiary eye care centre in Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of 100 consecutive patients who attended the emergency department of Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital with isolated, AOBD. The exclusion criteria were: (a) monocular diplopia, (b) binocular diplopia accompanied with neurological deficits other than ocular muscles dysfunction and (c) thyroid eye disease. Read More

Strabismus 2020 03 28;28(1):25-28. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China.

: To evaluate the efficacy of single or combined superior oblique tendon (SO) advancement for selected cases of unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP).: The medical records of 14 patients who underwent single or combined superior oblique tendon advancement in one institution from May 2017 to October 2018 were reviewed. All subjects with a diagnosis of unilateral SOP who underwent single or combined SO tendon advancement surgery were included. Read More

J Emerg Med 2020 Feb 18;58(2):e67-e69. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.

Background: Epidural injections are routinely used for management of radicular pain and are prevalent nonsurgical interventions for chronic low back pain. Pneumocephalus is a rare complication that may occur as a result of inadvertent dural puncture with an epidural needle. Pneumocephalus-induced cranial nerve deficit is also rare, with only a few reported cases. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 19;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Neurology, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.

Neurosarcoidosis when encountered by neurologists most commonly presents as cranial neuropathy, peripheral mononeuropathy,polyneuropathy, myopathy, meningitis or myelopathy. There are limited reports in the current literature on the cases of neurosarcoidosis patients presenting with ischaemic stroke. We discuss a 52-year-old patient with a known previous history of cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting with an acute third nerve palsy, facial weakness and ataxia. Read More

Neurol India 2019 Sep-Oct;67(5):1390-1392

Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.

Cureus 2019 Sep 16;11(9):e5675. Epub 2019 Sep 16.

Radiation Oncology, Center for Advanced Image-guided Radiation Therapy, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN.

A 50-year-old man presented with dizziness and hearing disturbance in the right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-enhanced mass lesion in the right cerebellopontine (CP) angle that appeared to originate in the cerebellum. A surgical specimen obtained at the subtotal resection with craniotomy revealed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Feb 4;134:141-144. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage resulting from spontaneous perforation of a small intracranial vessel, with resultant pseudoaneurysm formation, has not been widely reported in the literature.

Case Description: We present the case of a 71-year-old patient with rupture of a small aneurysm of a duplicated left anterior choroidal artery causing an acute third nerve palsy. The aneurysm was not able to be treated endovascularly without sacrifice of the parent vessel. Read More