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Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 31;5(1):000762. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.

Cysticercosis is triggered by infection with the larval form of the tapeworm . The usual sites for the development of cyscticerci are the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis - NCC), subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the eye. Ocular cysticercosis is caused by the growth of the larvae within ocular tissues. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):508-510

ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Purpose: To describe an unusual presentation of ocular cysticercosis and highlight the role of imaging in diagnosis.

Case Report: A 33-year-old female presented with loss of vision in her right eye and features suggesting optic neuritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and orbits revealed a cystic lesion with peripheral rim enhancement in the optic nerve substance at the orbital apex. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 Dec 13;117(12):3781-3790. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 373, Brazil.

The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is a zoonosis caused by the presence of the parasite Taenia solium in humans. It is considered a neglected disease that causes serious public health and economic problems in developing countries. In humans, the most common locations for the larval form are the skeletal muscles, ocular system, and the central nervous system, which is the most clinically important. Read More

World J Emerg Med 2018 ;9(4):272-275

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.

Background: The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of ocular ultrasound B scan in the emergency at the first point of care for detecting posterior segment and orbital pathologies in cases of paediatric ocular emergencies.

Methods: A prospective observational study involving 122 paediatric patients presenting to eye emergency over a period of ninety days were assessed with ultrasonography for the posterior segment as well as orbital pathology whenever indicated. The ocular ultrasound was performed gently over closed eyelids. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Aug;28(8):654-655

Department of Paediatrics, Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK.

Oman J Ophthalmol 2018 May-Aug;11(2):134-139

Ocular Oncology Service, The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the orbit is a rare clinical entity with a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of eight patients with orbital LCH.

Results: All eight patients in our series were male, and the mean age at presentation was 8 years (median 6 years; range, 7 months-23 years). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 8;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

A young male patient presented to our ocular emergency department with chief complaints of progressive pain, redness, diplopia and a right-sided face turn. Ocular examination revealed severely restricted extraocular movements along with retinal folds in the left eye. Initial orbital ultrasound and CT findings were equivocal; however, serology favoured an infective cause. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Mar 26. Epub 2018 Mar 26.

Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India.

A 22-year-old male presented to us with complaints of sudden painful loss of vision in left eye 10 days ago along with inward deviation of the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in right eye was 20/20 and 20/50 in left eye. Left eye showed limitation of abduction, a relative afferent pupillary defect, normal anterior segment with optic disc oedema. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 15;26(4):558. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

b Department of Tropical Medicine , Hainan Medical University , Haihou , China.

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 8;26(4):550-557. Epub 2018 Jan 8.

b Sankara Nethralya, Uvea , Medical Research Foundation , Nungambakkam, Chennai , India.

Aim: To analyze the demographic profile, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of ocular cysticercosis (OC) seen at a tertiary referral center.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Material And Methods: Records of patients with diagnosis of OC from January 2000 to September 2015 were retrieved and the data was analyzed. Read More

Travel Med Infect Dis 2018 Mar - Apr;22:51-57. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, Mexico.

Background: In Colombia, taeniasis and cysticercosis have been significantly reduced over the past decades, however still reported with implications for public health and travel medicine.

Methods: An observational, retrospective study, in which the incidence of taeniasis and cysticercosis (ICD-10 codes B68s/B69s) in Colombia, 2009-2013, was estimated based on data extracted from the Individual Health Records System (Registro Individual de Prestación de Servicios, RIPS) was performed. The Geographic Information System (GIS) generated national maps showing the distribution of taeniasis and cysticercosis by department by year. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2018 Mar 10;46(3):277-279. Epub 2017 Oct 10.

Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), New Delhi, India.

Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium called cysticercus cellulosae. Cysticercosis most commonly infects skeletal muscles, subcutaneous tissues, brain and ocular tissue. On extensive search of literature, only around 64 cases of lingual cysticercosis have been reported till date. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2017 09 14;135(9):e172487. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

Ocular Oncology and Vitreoretinal Services, Kamalnayan Bajaj Sankara Nethralaya, India.

Int J Ophthalmol 2017 18;10(8):1319-1324. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.

Cysticercosis is a preventable and eradicable cause of blindness endemic in the Indian subcontinent, South-East Asia and other developing countries. Ocular and orbital cysticercosis has varied presentations depending upon the site of involvement, number of lesion and the host immune response. In this article we present a review of the various clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management protocol for orbital and ocular cysticercosis. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2017 12;2017:5401850. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.

Migration of intraocular silicone oil, used in the treatment of complicated retinal detachment, has been rarely described, but when it happens it can arise with a differential diagnosis with scleral buckling extrusion, tumor, dermoid, ocular cysticercosis, and abscess. The presence of silicone oil in the eye gives very ugly echographic pictures, but these kinds of pictures can be very useful in making a differential diagnosis in the above-mentioned cases. A 39-year-old white female complained of the presence of conjunctival hyperemia and tearing in the right eye (RE); her visual acuity was hand motion, and the intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Apr 21;2017. Epub 2017 Apr 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Apr 21;2017. Epub 2017 Apr 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Ocular cysticercosis is a serious condition with a potential for complete vision loss if left untreated. Intravitreal cysticercosis is the most common ocular form of cysticercosis and is associated with retinal detachment, retinal traction, subretinal scarring and vitritis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report of the occurrence of a live intravitreal cysticercosis with a full thickness macular hole (FTMH) in the literature. Read More

PLoS One 2017 9;12(3):e0172829. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Rodents are important intermediate and paratenic hosts for carnivore parasites, including the important zoonotic agents Toxoplasma, Echinococcus and Toxocara. Monitoring of such parasites in rodents can be used to detect increasing risks for human and veterinary public health. Rodents were trapped at four sites in Berlin, two near the city center, two at the periphery. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2018 Fall;12(4):272-274

Retina and Uvea Services, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography-based videoimaging of alive subretinal cysticercus along with its mobile scolex.

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography was used to record high-definition videoimages, using the inbuilt motion tracker, in a 12-year-old boy with history of neurocysticercosis.

Result: The scolex was found to be sensitive to light, and contractile movements were seen in the cyst wall and the germinative layers. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2016 Nov;64(11):794-802

Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2017 Mar - Apr;62(2):161-189. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Electronic address:

Parasitic infections of the eyes are a major cause of ocular diseases across the globe. The causative agents range from simple organisms such as unicellular protozoans to complex metazoan helminths. The disease spectrum varies depending on the geographic location, prevailing hygiene, living and eating habits of the inhabitants, and the type of animals that surround them. Read More

Med J Armed Forces India 2016 Jul 28;72(3):293-6. Epub 2015 Jun 28.

Graded Specialist (Radiology), 164 Military Hospital, C/O 99 APO, India.

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2016 Apr-Jun;9(2):126-8

Department of Ophthalmology, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of the tapeworm, Taenia solium (T. solium). The common sites for cysticerosis include the brain, eyes, and skeletal muscle. Read More

Nepal J Ophthalmol 2015 Jul;7(14):206-8

We are sharing a case of orbital cysticercosis,which presented to us initially with simple ptosis and later on with upper lid inflammation and restricted ocular motility in upgaze. Human cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium, is a benign infection of the subcutaneous tissues, inter-muscular fascia, muscles and other organs. Though it exists worldwide, it is more prevalent in the developing countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa, especially in areas where under-cooked pork is consumed regularly (Pushker et al, 2001). Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2016 Jan-Mar;30(1):56-9. Epub 2015 Aug 17.

Department of Pathology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ocular involvement by cysticercosis is uncommon and rare in the anterior chamber. It can give rise to iridocyclitis which can be potentially blinding to the patient. The management is usually surgical. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2016 Apr 23;34(4):241-57. Epub 2016 Feb 23.

Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, 171001, India.

Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease most commonly affecting brain, eye and muscles, causing significant morbidity. Transmitted by faeco-oral route, this disease was endemic in many developing countries; it is now seen worldwide due to globalisation. Manifestations are produced by the mass effect of the parasite and by the immune response mounted by the host on the parasite. Read More

Ann Parasitol 2015 ;61(4):295-7

Radiology; Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.

We report this peculiar case of ocular cysticercosis with intermittent blindness which is never reported to our knowledge. This case highlights use of Ultrasound for examination of the posterior segment of eye globe. In limited facilities Ultrasound is the main modality to reach the diagnosis. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2015 Oct-Dec;33(4):583-5

Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

An ocular cysticercosis case of a 42-year-old male, who presented with anterior uveitis is being reported. Microscopical examination of the cyst revealed presence of only one hooklet suggestive of T. solium cysticercus. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Oct 12(10):CD009027. Epub 2015 Oct 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Brown Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141008.

Background: Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the brain. Epilepsy is the commonest clinical presentation, though it may also present with headache, symptoms of raised intracranial tension, hydrocephalus and ocular symptoms depending upon the localisation of the parasitic cysts. Anthelmintic drugs, anti-oedema drugs, such as steroids and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) form the mainstay of treatment. Read More

J AAPOS 2015 Aug 31;19(4):372-5. Epub 2015 Jul 31.

Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Aravind Eye Hospital, Anna Nagar, Madurai.

We describe a "noose technique" that facilitates complete surgical excision of all forms of pediatric adnexal and anterior orbital extraocular cysts, including conjunctival retention cysts, parasitic cysts involving the conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, or rectus muscle, superficial cysts, and deep dermoid cysts. The technique provides good exposure and facilitates handling of tissues, maintains surgical planes, minimizes bleeding, decreases injury to collateral tissues, reduces surgical time, allows for utilization of less skilled assistants, and ensures complete excision in most cases. The noose technique is a versatile procedure that can be applied to extraocular cysts of any location or size both in children and adults. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2015 Jul;94(30):e1026

From the Department of Ophthalmology (JD, HZ); and Department of Oncology (JL), Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin, China.

Ocular cysticercosis refers to parasitic infections in humans. Most cases were treated by medicine. The case we reviewed was rarely reported with successful surgical intervention treatment. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2015 9;2015:910383. Epub 2015 Jun 9.

S.B. Dr. Sohan Singh Eye Hospital, Katra Sher Singh, Chowk Farid, Amritsar, Punjab 143001, India.

Parasites enter the eye through hematogenous spread. The interaction with host immune system may result in its destruction but not without collateral damage to the vital retinal structures. Currently, the accepted treatment for ocular parasitosis is surgical removal or direct laser photocoagulation. Read More

Malays J Med Sci 2015 Mar-Apr;22(2):65-8

Department of Pediatrics, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Sion (E), Mumbai - 400 022, Maharashtra, India.

Human cysticercosis is caused by Cysticercus cellulosae, larvae of a tapeworm, Taenia solium. Cysticercosis can involve any tissue in the body; the most common affected sites are central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, eyes, and muscles. A few cases of isolated intramuscular cysticercosis without any other tissue involvement have been reported in pediatric population. Read More

Springerplus 2015 7;4:217. Epub 2015 May 7.

Department of Neurology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan India.

Introduction: Cysticercosis, a helminthic infestation caused by Taenia solium, can produce central nervous system, muscles, visceral, subcutaneous tissues and skin manifestations. Ophthalmological involvement can affect eyelids, conjunctiva, anterior chamber, uvea, vitreous, retina, extraocular muscles and optic nerve. Simultaneous co-occurrence of intracranial and intraocular cysticercosis is a common presentation in clinical practice. Read More

Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2015 Aug 18;108(3):165-70. Epub 2015 Apr 18.

CHU-Kara, Kara, Togo,

We report 3 cases of disseminated cysticercosis (DC) in adult male subjects in Togo. All had consulted in dermatology for asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology of a resected nodule. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2015 Apr-Jun;29(2):175-7. Epub 2014 Nov 21.

Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Cysticercosis is a systemic parasitic disease caused by the larval form of cestode Taenia solium. It has a worldwide distribution and is potentially harmful with variable clinical manifestations. The most commonly involved sites include eye, brain, bladder wall, and heart. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2015 Mar 8;15:22. Epub 2015 Mar 8.

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous floaters carries significant risks. Justification of surgery is difficult, particularly in healthy eyes with normal visual acuity and without a posterior vitreous detachment. This is the first reported case of optical coherence tomography being utilized to objectively assess the impact of a vitreous opacity on the macula. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2015 Mar 7;8:148. Epub 2015 Mar 7.

Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by accidental ingestion of eggs of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, was common in Bali, Indonesia until the early 1990s. However, improved education on hygiene and sanitation, a move to keeping pigs indoors, and improvement of economic and living conditions have substantially reduced the occurrence of NCC in Bali. Since 2011, T. Read More

Chin Med Sci J 2015 Mar;30(1):59-62

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Making accurate and timely diagnosis is often challenging when patients with a systemic disease first present with ocular manifestations. The possibility that vasculitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can be misdiagnosed as cysticercosis has not been discussed in the literatures. Read More

Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014 Jul-Dec;6(2):240-1

B. P. Koirala Lion's Centre for Ophthalmic Studies Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal.

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2014 Nov;5(Suppl 1):S89-92

Department of Medicine, Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College and Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Neurocysticercosis, the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system, is known to affect the brain, eyes, muscular tissues and subcutaneous tissues. However, it is very rare for patients with ocular cysts to have concomitant cerebral cysts. Also, the dominant clinical manifestation of patients with cerebral cysts is either seizures or headache. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2014 13;2014:961815. Epub 2014 Nov 13.

University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University, India.

Cysticercosis, a parasitic tissue infestation caused by larval cysts (cysticercus cellulosae) of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, most commonly affects the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and the eye. Ocular adnexal infestation in cysticercosis can involve various sites within the eye like vitreous humor, subretinal tissue, extraocular muscle, and lacrimal gland. In this case report, a lump slightly below and medial to inner corner of eye, surgically removed from a 21-year-old male patient, was diagnosed as case of lacrimal sac cysticercosis on histopathological examination. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2014 Dec;49(6):e140-1

Cornea & Ocular Surface Services, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Oman J Ophthalmol 2014 Sep;7(3):144-6

Department of Ophthalmology, Al Adan Hospital, Kuwait City, Al Adan, Kuwait.

We report a case of submacular cysticercosis in the left eye of an Indian patient living in Kuwait. Though he was systemically asymptomatic, his magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cysts in the brain. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and the cyst was removed in total through a retinotomy over the cyst. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2014 Dec;132(12):1468

Eye Brain 2014 22;6:1-8. Epub 2014 Sep 22.

Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati.

Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent in India, including the northeastern states. Proper epidemiological data are lacking from this part of the country on zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in the current scenario. Systemic manifestation of such diseases as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2014 Sep 4;7:422. Epub 2014 Sep 4.

Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine, Translationelle, Université de Strasbourg, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Background: Infections with larval stages (metacestodes) of a variety of taeniid species have been described in primates, including humans, with partial to severe clinical consequences. Taenia martis is a tapeworm of mustelids, and martens are mainly their definitive hosts in Central Europe. In the rodent intermediate host cysticerci develop in the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2014 May;89(10):803-11

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Neglected parasitic infections, including Chagas disease, toxocariasis, cysticercosis, and toxoplasmosis, affect millions of persons in the United States. Relatively few resources have been devoted to surveillance, prevention, and treatment of these diseases. Chagas disease primarily affects Latin American immigrants and can cause heart failure and death if not treated. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014 Dec 8;42(9):896-8. Epub 2014 May 8.

Vitreo Retina Services, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

J Family Med Prim Care 2013 Jul;2(3):300-1

Consultant Radiologist, Dept. of Radiology, N M Medical, Pune, Maharashtra, India.