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Am J Occup Ther 2022 Jul;76(4)

Lauren Terhorst, PhD, is Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, and Codirector, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Importance: Fatigue is a chronic and distressing sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Little evidence exists for the efficacy of interventions that address post-TBI fatigue.

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary efficacy of a self-management intervention (Maximizing Energy; MAX) for reducing the impact (primary outcome) and severity of fatigue on daily life, improving fatigue experience, and increasing participation compared with a health education (HE) intervention. Read More

Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022 Jun 9;102:104749. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1, Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan. Electronic address:

Objectives: Whether decreased tongue strength is associated with poor clinical outcomes is unclear. This systematic review investigated the effect of decreased tongue strength on the clinical outcomes of adults requiring medical treatment.

Design: Systematic review. Read More

Patient Educ Couns 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address:

Objective: To test the efficacy of Comprehensive pharmaceutical care intervention added to cardiac rehabilitation program(CR programs) in improving echocardiographic parameters, nutritional status and High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein(hs-CRP), in post-acute coronary syndrome patients.

Methods: A prospective; randomized, controlled study. 40 post-acute coronary syndrome patients, participating in CR program, were randomly allocated to either the control group(n = 20) or the intervention group(n = 20). Read More

J Nutr Health Aging 2022 ;26(5):469-476

Hidetaka Wakabayashi, MD, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Code; 162-0054, Tel: +81-3-3353-8111, Fax: +81-3-5269-7639, E-mail:

Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics of sarcopenic dysphagia (SD) and the prognosis of swallowing function in convalescent rehabilitation hospital patients; and to investigate the association between malnutrition severity and SD.

Design: A prospective, multi-center, cohort study.

Setting: We extracted registry data from the Japanese Sarcopenic Dysphagia Database, focusing on patients admitted to convalescent rehabilitation hospitals. Read More

Spinal Cord 2022 05 23;60(5):428-434. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: To identify demographic, injury, and behavioral predictors of emergency department (ED) visits and ED-related hospitalizations among individuals with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: An academic medical center in the Southeastern United States. Read More

Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 2022 ;99(1):5-12

AO Kurort Belokurikha, Belokurikha, Russia.

Objective: To study the effect of the course-based comprehensive rehabilitation using the therapeutic physical factors of the Belokurikha resort, including hydrokinesiotherapy in a pool with mineral water on the circadian rhythms of arterial pressure and its autonomous regulation in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) associated with chronic psychoemotional stress (CPES).

Material And Methods: The study involved 83 patients with stage I-II grade 1-2 of AH, whose professional activities were associated with CPES. Each participant had 24-hours Holter blood pressure monitored, and cardiointervalography (CIG) was performed before and after the medical rehabilitation course. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022 05;74(5):674-680

Gastroenterology and Nutritional Rehabilitation Unit.

Objectives: In patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) malnutrition can lead to life-long nutritional treatments. The refeeding process can combine natural feeding (NF) with specific nutritional strategies, including oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and nasogastric feeding (NGF). Aims of the present study were to assess the efficacy of hospital protocol and identify the most effective inpatient nutritional strategies for weight restoration. Read More

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022 Feb 2;37(3). Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Introduction: Hospital-associated deconditioning (HAD) or post-hospital syndrome is well recognized as reduced functional performance after an acute hospitalization. Recommendations for the management of HAD are still lacking, partly due to a poor understanding of the underlying processes. We aimed to review existing data on risk factors, pathophysiology, measurement tools, and potential interventions. Read More

Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022 Feb 9;8(1):37. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada.

Background: Healthy diet and exercise are associated with reduced risk of dementia in older adults. The impact of diet and exercise interventions on brain health is less consistent, especially with dietary interventions which rely on varying approaches. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 6-month intervention combining exercise with a novel dietary counseling approach to improve hippocampal volume among older adults at-risk for dementia. Read More

Int J Lang Commun Disord 2022 03 29;57(2):340-351. Epub 2022 Jan 29.

Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Royal Derby Hospital, Derbyshire Community Health Services, Derby, UK.

Background: The lack of high-quality evidence to support specific treatment approaches has been widely documented in the existing literature, with evidence suggesting speech and language therapists (SLTs) frequently rely on experience and expert opinion to inform treatment. One approach that is commonly used within dysphagia management, in spite of a lack of existing evidence to support its efficacy, is the use of oral trials, otherwise known as swallow trials or tasters. This approach involves offering specified, limited amounts of oral diet or fluids for those at risk of aspiration or choking if full amounts are taken orally and may be recommended for rehabilitation or quality of life. Read More

Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022 Mar 11;4(1):100177. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Centre for Research and Development (CFUG), Uppsala University, Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.

Objective: To explore swallowing function and risk factors associated with delayed recovery of swallowing in patients with COVID-19 post-invasive mechanical ventilation using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS).

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Three secondary-level hospitals. Read More

Prim Care Diabetes 2022 02 23;16(1):179-187. Epub 2021 Dec 23.

Health Systems & Behavioural Sciences, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore City, Singapore. Electronic address:

Aims: To assess how well community-dwelling older adults in Singapore were coping with their diabetes, and the sociodemographic characteristics that were associated with their level of coping.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 257 older adults. Multiple regression was used to assess the associations between various sociodemographic characteristics and coping measures of present quality of life and level of self-care. Read More

Am J Health Promot 2022 02 3;36(2):269-278. Epub 2021 Dec 3.

Center for Advancing Population Science, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Purpose: Neighborhood factors such as crime, discrimination, and violence are increasingly recognized as correlates of poor glycemic control. However, pathways for these relationships are unclear. This study examined stress and self-efficacy as potential pathways for the relationship between neighborhood factors and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2022 Feb 30;175(2):198-209. Epub 2021 Nov 30.

Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (K.L.B., B.J.L., D.M., B.M., A.J.K., T.E., L.S., R.S.H.).

Background: Scalable knee osteoarthritis programs are needed to deliver recommended education, exercise, and weight loss interventions.

Objective: To evaluate two 6-month, telehealth-delivered exercise programs, 1 with and 1 without dietary intervention.

Design: 3-group, parallel randomized (5:5:2) trial. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 Nov 15;11(11). Epub 2021 Nov 15.

Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients exhibit a plethora of risk factors for nutritional decline, including the presence of chronic inflammation and the progressive nature of disease-related multisystem involvement. The prevalence and consequences of nutritional decline in scleroderma are frequently underestimated, its management currently remaining a subject of debate. The main objective of the present study was to perform a detailed assessment of scleroderma patients' diet as well as their eating habits and to describe the relationships with weight loss and malnutrition risk in the absence of professional nutritional counseling. Read More

J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021 ;8(4):465-476

Takashi Sakurai, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan, Tel: +81-562-46-2311, E-mail:

Background/objectives: The Japan-multimodal intervention trial for prevention of dementia (J-MINT) is intended to verify the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions and to clarify the mechanism of cognitive improvement and deterioration by carrying out assessment of dementia-related biomarkers, omics analysis and brain imaging analysis among older adults at high risk of dementia. Moreover, the J-MINT trial collaborates with partnering private enterprises in the implementation of relevant interventional measures. This manuscript describes the study protocol. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 09 19;18(18). Epub 2021 Sep 19.

School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

The main objective of this research work was to explore the healthcare professionals' perspectives of type 2 diabetes patients' experiences of self-management of diabetes in the rural area of Pakistan. In this study, we have carried out a methodological approach to use a self-management framework to direct the interview guide for healthcare professionals to examine their perceptions and expectations of their diabetes patients' adherence to the medications prescribed. Twenty healthcare professionals were recruited in this study consisting of ten general practitioners and ten nurses from various clinics (medical centres) of Al-Rehman Hospital at Abbottabad, Pakistan. Read More

Circulation 2021 10 27;144(15):1212-1226. Epub 2021 Sep 27.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (J.A.B., P.J.S., S.M., L.L.W., K.I., A.S.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Background: Although lifestyle modifications generally are effective in lowering blood pressure (BP) among patients with unmedicated hypertension and in those treated with 1 or 2 antihypertensive agents, the value of exercise and diet for lowering BP in patients with resistant hypertension is unknown.

Methods: One hundred forty patients with resistant hypertension (mean age, 63 years; 48% female; 59% Black; 31% with diabetes; 21% with chronic kidney disease) were randomly assigned to a 4-month program of lifestyle modification (C-LIFE [Center-Based Lifestyle Intervention]) including dietary counseling, behavioral weight management, and exercise, or a single counseling session providing SEPA (Standardized Education and Physician Advice). The primary end point was clinic systolic BP; secondary end points included 24-hour ambulatory BP and select cardiovascular disease biomarkers including baroreflex sensitivity to quantify the influence of the baroreflex on heart rate, high-frequency heart rate variability to assess vagally mediated modulation of heart rate, flow-mediated dilation to evaluate endothelial function, pulse wave velocity to assess arterial stiffness, and left ventricular mass to characterize left ventricular structure. Read More

BMJ Open 2021 09 21;11(9):e045783. Epub 2021 Sep 21.

Chronic Care and Family Nursing, Division of Nursing Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Graduate School, Hiroshima, Japan.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a self-management programme incorporating a sleep intervention for improving diabetes outcomes.

Design: A single-arm pre-test and post-test study was conducted within a community setting in Hiroshima, Japan.

Participants: Participants were aged 52-74 years and diagnosed with type 2 diabetic nephropathy stages 1-3. Read More

BMJ 2021 06 30;374:n1448. Epub 2021 Jun 30.

Department of Neurology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Objective: To determine whether dietary interventions that increase n-3 fatty acids with and without reduction in n-6 linoleic acid can alter circulating lipid mediators implicated in headache pathogenesis, and decrease headache in adults with migraine.

Design: Three arm, parallel group, randomized, modified double blind, controlled trial.

Setting: Ambulatory, academic medical center in the United States over 16 weeks. Read More

Support Care Cancer 2022 Feb 31;30(2):1243-1251. Epub 2021 Aug 31.

Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucia Tech, Málaga, Spain.

Background: Breast cancer survivors (BCS) face several symptoms and are at higher risk of weight gain following diagnosis. Current literature shows that both exercise and diet play a key role in recovery of BCS. However, there is a gap between current guidelines and the real-world context. Read More

Nurs Womens Health 2021 Oct 24;25(5):346-356. Epub 2021 Aug 24.

Objective: To identify self-care interventions women living in the United States are using to manage endometriosis-related pain, describe frequency of use, and determine perceived effectiveness.

Design: Mixed-methods design with an online survey.

Setting: A survey link was posted on endometriosis support group Facebook pages. Read More

BMC Public Health 2021 08 6;21(1):1523. Epub 2021 Aug 6.

Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.

Background: The emerging adulthood is traditionally viewed as a time of optimal health, but also as a critical life span, characterized by changing life circumstances and the establishment of an individual lifestyle. Especially university life seems to hold several challenges impeding the manifestation of a health supporting manner, as many students tend to show a poorer health behavior and a higher amount of health-related problems than comparable age groups. This, along with a steady growth of the higher education sector, brings increased attention to the university setting in the context of prevention. Read More

BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021 07;8(1)

Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Objective: Clinical guidelines recommend weight loss to manage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the majority of patients find weight loss a significant challenge. We identified factors associated with engagement and adherence to a low-energy diet (LED) as a treatment option for NAFLD. Read More

Gerontology 2022 9;68(4):377-386. Epub 2021 Jul 9.

Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: Oral frailty describes a trivial decline in the oral function and is considered to be related to frailty. Thus, effective management of oral frailty could prevent or ameliorate physical frailty and the need for care. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding specific interventions for oral frailty. Read More

Int J Nurs Stud 2021 Aug 2;120:103995. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Gerontology and Health Care Management, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Traumatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Dementia and hip fracture are both associated with substantial disability and mortality. However, few studies have explored the effects of intervention programs on post-operative recovery of older persons with hip fracture and cognitive impairment.

Objective: To examine the effects of a family-centered care model for older persons with hip fracture and cognitive impairment and their family caregivers. Read More

J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021 09 14;22(9):1960-1965. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the association between texture-modified diets and poor appetite in older adults, as it is not fully understood.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: We included 208 inpatients who were aged ≥65 years (mean age 78. Read More

BMJ Open 2021 06 15;11(6):e042408. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland.

Introduction: Frailty refers to a multifaceted age-related loss of physiological reserve. Aside from the immediate challenges it presents, it is also associated with various adverse health outcomes. Given our ageing population, the healthcare and societal costs resulting from frailty present a significant and growing public health challenge. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021 11 4;62(5):768-776. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.

Objective: To examine whether a cardiac rehabilitation programme in a community based setting for patients with intermittent claudication (IC) affects walking ability, quality of life, and changes in health behaviour. The trial investigated a cross sector cardiovascular rehabilitation programme compared with usual care for patients having non-operative management.

Methods: The trial allocated 118 patients, with 1:1 individual randomisation to either an intervention or control group. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2021 11 17;46(6):1229-1236. Epub 2021 Jun 17.

National Centre for Airway Reconstruction, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.

Objectives: Airway reconstruction for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) encompasses several procedures. Dysphagia is a well-recognised sequela of LTS and airway surgery, however studies have employed mostly non-validated assessments post-operatively in small, heterogenous samples, perpetuating uncertainty around the contributions of LTS and its management to impaired deglutition. Consequently, considerable variation in LTS perioperative nutritional management exists. Read More