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Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019 Jun 18;14:100325. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Pennsylvania State University, Department of Kinesiology, Noll Laboratory, Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Purpose: Exercising women who consume inadequate energy relative to expenditure are at risk for downstream health consequences, such as menstrual cycle disturbances and poor bone health. Collectively, these conditions are known as the Female Athlete Triad (Triad). Clinicians often prescribe hormonal contraceptives to address this issue; however, the recommended treatment is reversal of the energy deficit. Read More

Nutrition 2019 Apr 25;60:230-234. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Feeding, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the relationship between the Healthy Eating Index and oxidative stress parameters in adolescent athletes and non-athletes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 18 adolescent male and female volleyball athletes who were paired with 15 adolescent non-athletes. Body fat percentage, food intake, free radical production, antioxidant enzyme activity, and thiol and protein damage were measured. Read More

Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

University of Physical Education in Krakow, Cracow, Poland (Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry).

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to estimate training energy expenditure (TEE) and daily energy expenditure (DEE) in the Polish elite athletes engaged in endurance sports and power sports, and to compare their levels with the Polish energy intake standards.

Material And Methods: The study sample consisted of 30 athletes (15 women and 15 men) whose energy expenditure was estimated based on heart rate monitoring.

Results: The mean values of DEE obtained for women engaged in endurance sports (WE - women endurance) and power sports (WP - women power) were 3201±533 kcal and 3217±554 kcal, respectively. Read More

J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018 Dec;22(4):69-74

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between anxiety, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), and salivary cortisol (sC) changes in athletes showing a high or low level performance in an actual archery competition.

Methods: The participants were female university athletes who participated in the individual 50 m archery competition at the 21st Korean National Archery Team Trials, in July 2018. Based on their game record in the competition, 9 athletes were allocated to the high-performance group (HPG) and another 9 to the low-performance group (LPG). Read More

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019 Jan 15;16(1). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Research has demonstrated that low fermentable oligiosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diets improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome sufferers. Exercise-related GI issues are a common cause of underperformance, with current evidence focusing on the use of FODMAP approaches with recreationally competitive or highly trained athletes. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the potential benefit of FODMAP strategies to support healthy, recreational athletes who experience GI  issues during training. Read More

Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Introduction: The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome describing three interrelated conditions: low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) expands the Triad to include multiple physiologic consequences of LEA in both sexes. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of factors associated with the Triad/RED-S in an elite para athlete population. Read More

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019 Feb 15:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

5 Nottingham Trent University.

Adolescent, female, and masters athletes have unique nutritional requirements as a consequence of undertaking daily training and competition in addition to the specific demands of age- and gender-related physiological changes. Dietary education and recommendations for these special population athletes require a focus on eating for long-term health, with special consideration given to "at-risk" dietary patterns and nutrients (e.g. Read More

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019 Jan 11:1-35. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

5 Department of Family Medicine. McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

The reported prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) in female and male track and field athletes is between 18-58% with the highest prevalence among athletes in endurance and jump-events. In male athletes, LEA may result in reduced testosterone levels and libido along with impaired training capacity. In female track and field athletes, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) as consequence of LEA has been reported among 60% of elite middle- and long-distance athletes and 23% among elite sprinters. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 17;9:1820. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

This study examined the selective influences of one-repetition maximum (1RM) values [assessed in the half-squat (HS)] and bar-power production [assessed in both HS and jump squat (JS) exercises] on the physical performance of male and female team sport athletes from four different sports. Three-hundred and three elite players (31 Olympians) from four different disciplines (47 male soccer players, 58 female soccer players, 28 male handball players, 58 female handball players, 49 male rugby players, and 63 male futsal players) participated in this study. The physical tests were performed over 2 consecutive days for soccer and rugby players, and in 1 day for the remaining athletes. Read More

Eur J Sport Sci 2019 Jan 7:1-9. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.

Analysing performance in competitive environments enables identification of key constraints which shape behaviours, supporting designs of more representative training and learning environments. In this study, competitive performance of 244 elite level jumpers (male and female) was analysed to identify the impact of candidate individual, environmental and task constraints on performance outcomes. Findings suggested that key constraints shaping behaviours in long jumping were related to: individuals (e. Read More

Vopr Pitan 2018 13;87(5):43-51. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow.

The aim of the work was a comparative assessment of the vitamin status of athletes specializing in different kinds of sport (bobsleigh, dispersing and pilots, biathlon, bullet shooting) by means of assessment of the content of vitamins in the diet and blood serum. 159 professional athletes of both sexes were examined in the pre-competition period of the sport activity. The average age of the surveyed 92 men was 21. Read More

Eur J Sport Sci 2018 Dec 27:1-10. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

a Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS) Division of Physiotherapy , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden.

The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare subjective correlates of health, such as nutrition, self-esteem, sleep and stress, between adolescent elite athletes (n = 625) and a reference group of adolescents (n = 391) not involved in elite sports. A secondary aim was to study predictors for self-perceived stress. A questionnaire was e-mailed to all participants containing valid questions about competence-based self-esteem, nutrition, self-perceived stress and sleep. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Dec 22;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

Health effects of vegetarian and vegan diets are well known. However, data is sparse in terms of their appropriateness for the special nutritional demands of endurance runners. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the health status of vegetarian (VER) and vegan endurance runners (VGR) and compare it to omnivorous endurance runners (OR). Read More

Front Physiol 2018 3;9:1732. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Athletes should achieve event-specific physiological requirements through careful periodization of training, underpinned by individualized and targeted nutrition strategies. However, evidence of whether, and how, elite endurance athletes periodize nutrition is scarce. Accordingly, elite international female ( = 67) and male ( = 37) middle/long-distance athletes (IAAF score: 1129 ± 54, corresponds to 13:22. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Dec 11;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada.

Wheelchair rugby is a rapidly growing Paralympic sport; however, research remains predominantly in the realms of physiology and biomechanics. Currently, there is little investigation into nutrition and dietary supplement use among wheelchair rugby athletes (WRA). The aim of this study was to assess the types of dietary supplements (DS) used, the prevalence of usage, and the reasons for use among WRA. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 27;9:2315. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Movement Science, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Decision-making is an essential capability for success in team sport athletes. Good decision-making is underpinned by perceptual-cognitive skills that allow athletes to assess the environment and choose the correct choice from a number of alternatives. Previous research has demonstrated that decision-making can be trained "off-line" by exposing athletes to gameplay scenarios and having them make decisions based on the information presented to them. Read More

Nutrition 2019 Apr 6;60:59-65. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of biological maturity on body composition in Brazilian adolescent athletes, to verify the accuracy of previous bioimpedance predictive equations for estimating fat-free mass (FFM), and to develop new predictive equations, considering sexual and skeletal maturity.

Methods: There were 318 Brazilian adolescent athletes (52% male) involved in this study. FFM was determined using single-frequency (50 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which was used as the reference method. Read More

J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019 Jan 19;51:169-175. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

The Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States. Electronic address:

Objectives: Although exercising women are at high risk of poor iron status, it is unknown how non-pathological, physiological menstrual function affects iron status. As such, this study investigates the association between menstrual function and iron status in exercising women with amenorrhea and exercising women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic menstrual cycles.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of iron depletion prevalence, iron status indices, exercise parameters, and diet composition. Read More

Int J Womens Health 2018 30;10:671-687. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,

Introduction: Menstrual dysfunction, musculoskeletal injury, and poor nutrition combine to form the female athlete triad (FAT), which results in serious health consequences for affected athletes. To this point, the risk factors of this phenomenon have not been fully explored in Japanese female college athletes. Additionally, the effect of competitive level on FAT risk factors has also not been reported. Read More

Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018 Nov 14:1-26. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

1 Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

Purpose:: The purpose of this study was to identify physiological characteristics and dietary habits of collegiate synchronized swimmers.

Methods:: Twenty-one female participants (mean ± SD, age: 20.4 ± 1. Read More

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018 Nov 8. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Center of Health and Performance at the Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Introduction: This study aimed to 1) determine basic physiological demands during a simulated on-snow cross-country skiing (XCS) race when using grip-waxed skis (all classical XCS techniques=CLASSIC), versus glide-waxed skis for exclusive double poling (DP) and 2) analyze in which track sections DP is different from CLASSIC under controlled gliding conditions in elite junior and senior skiers.

Methods: 19 male and female elite XC skiers performed 1) two randomized simulated XCS races over 5.3 km using DP or CLASSIC measuring section times, VO2, heart rate, blood lactate and RPE, and 2) VO2peak-tests using diagonal stride and DP on treadmill. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2018 31;53:189-192. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Franciscan St. James Hospital, 20201 South Crawford Avenue, Olympia Fields, IL, 60461, United States.

Introduction: Early intervention in femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) can be self- limiting, but they have an insidious presentation. High index of suspicion for an occult fracture is necessary to avoid bilateral progression and/or operative interventions.

Case Presentation: A 83-year-old female, non-athlete, presents with multiple comorbidities and progressive bilateral FNSFs. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018 11;2018:3053704. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Viopolis, Larissa, Greece.

Eccentric exercise is a well-studied modality that induces oxidative stress and muscle damage. Furthermore, it promotes inflammatory response in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the major mediators. Although free radicals are necessary in a specific range of concentrations, yet unknown, it remains unclear whether reductive redox status (i. Read More

J Athl Train 2018 Nov 7;53(11):1017-1024. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

NeuroTrauma Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Context: In many US high schools, the athletic trainer (AT) has the responsibility to identify and manage athletes with concussions. Although the availability of ATs varies a great deal among schools, how the level of AT availability in high schools affects the reported incidence and management of sport-related concussions (SRCs) is unknown.

Objective: To determine how the presence of an AT affects the reporting and management of SRCs. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Nov 2;10(11). Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a sport nutrition education and life-skills intervention on sport nutrition knowledge (SNK), attitudes/beliefs and dietary behaviors relevant to sport nutrition among high school (HS) soccer players. Three assessments were done over the 2-year intervention (baseline = time 1, end year 1 = time 2, end year 2 = time 3). Participants ( = 217; females = 64%; Latino = 47. Read More

Temperature (Austin) 2018 20;5(3):202-204. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Sensors (Basel) 2018 Oct 28;18(11). Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

Ketogenic diet (KD; high fat, low carb) is a standard treatment for obesity, neurological diseases (e.g., refractory epilepsy) and a promising method for athletes to improve their endurance performance. Read More

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018 16;4(1):e000421. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Objective: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common lower extremity overuse injury often causing long-term reduction of sports participation. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of MTSS in first-year Dutch Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students.

Methods: This prospective study consisted of physical measures at baseline (height, weight, fat percentage, 3000 m run test, navicular drop test, hip internal and external range of motion, hip adduction and adduction strength, single leg squat and shin palpation), an intake questionnaire at baseline (age, sport participation, presence of MTSS, MTSS history, insole use and use of supportive shoes) and an MTSS registration procedure during the academic year of 2016-2017 (10  months) using a validated questionnaire. Read More

Semin Liver Dis 2018 Nov 24;38(4):357-365. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Exertional heat stroke most commonly develops following prolonged levels of aerobic activity in a warm or humid environment. Hypoperfusion of the vital organs along with activation of the inflammasome can lead to progressive and potentially fatal multiorgan failure including acute liver failure. In the United States, herbal and dietary supplements that are marketed to improve performance, strength, and weight loss are increasingly being used by both amateur and professional athletes. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2018 May 30;54(3). Epub 2018 May 30.

Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-688 Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.

For a high level athlete, it is essential to ensure optimal energy as well as macro- and micro-nutrient and fluid intakes, in order to improve their performance during training and competition. Protein intake should be 1.2⁻2. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Oct 17;10(10). Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain.

Background: Even though iron supplementation can be effective, it is necessary to be cautious of toxicity and aim to do no harm, therefore, it is important to examine the length of time the benefits of iron supplementation can be maintained following its cessation. The main purpose of this study was to analyze if iron stores and strength performance were maintained in elite female volleyball players for the final 18 weeks of a competitive season following the cessation of 11 weeks of iron supplementation.

Methods: Twenty-two volleyballers (age: 27. Read More

J Physiol 2019 Jan 22;597(1):71-88. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Key Points: One in two female athletes chronically take a combined, monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Previous thermoregulatory investigations proposed that an endogenous rhythm of the menstrual cycle still occurs with OCP usage. Forthcoming large international sporting events will expose female athletes to hot environments differing in their thermal profile, yet few data exist on how trained women will respond from both a thermoregulatory and performance stand-point. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018 Oct 13;19(1):370. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Overuse injuries (OI) are common in elite athletics. Previous studies have had athletes self-report injuries rather than having a medical professional provide a clear diagnosis. This might be a major reason for the inconsistencies in reported incident proportions of OI in elite athletics, in addition to the varying definitions of OI in current literature. Read More

Sports (Basel) 2018 Oct 10;6(4). Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Osness Human Performance Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.

Our aim was to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation ( 35624; 1 billion CFU·d) on exercise performance, immune modulation, and cognitive outlook in collegiate female athletes during six weeks of offseason training. Seventeen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate female swimmers participated in this two-group matched, double-blind, placebo controlled design. Via stratified randomization, participants were assigned to probiotic ( 35624; = 8) or placebo ( = 9) groups. Read More

Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2018 ;24(2):72-81

Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn.

Introduction: Quality and quantity of food, consumed by a child have a great influence on his biological development. Dietary habits of children often do not meet criteria suggested by health institutions and schools. Nutrition of a child, involved in competitive sport should be rationally planned and obeyed. Read More

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018 Oct 9:1-32. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

3 Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Combat sport athletes typically engage in a process called making-weight, characterised by rapid weight loss (RWL) and subsequent rapid weight gain (RWG) in the days preceding competition. These practices differ across each sport, but no systematic comparison of the size of the changes in body mass exists. The aim was to determine the magnitude of RWL and RWG in combat sport athletes preparing for competition. Read More

Front Psychol 2018 18;9:1665. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.

BASE jumping is an extreme adventure sport which consists of jumping from a fixed object with specially adapted parachutes. A few studies of the personality of BASE jumpers have been conducted, but little is known about how the women in this sport compare to the men. The purpose of this study is to compare the personality traits among a sample of men and women who are experienced BASE jumpers, as this provides an interesting and important opportunity to better understand the motivation for extreme sports. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Sep 20;10(10). Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Faculty of Health Sciences of Universidad Isabel I, Universidad Isabel I, 09004 Burgos, Spain.

The aim of the present study is to analyse nutritional supplements (NS) consumption by squash players of different levels (international vs. national). A total of 14 international players and 28 national ones answered a NS consumption frequency questionnaire that had been previously validated. Read More

J Behav Addict 2018 Sep 21;7(3):800-805. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

1 Department of Behavioral Sciences and Integrative Brain and Cognition Center, Ariel University , Ariel, Israel.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between exercise addiction, abnormal eating attitudes, anxiety, and depression among competitive and amateur athletes.

Methods: Participants were 100 athletes of mean age 28.3 years (18-62), of which there were 67 males and 35 females. Read More

J Strength Cond Res 2018 Sep 17. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, School of Health Sciences, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri.

Zanders, BR, Currier, BS, Harty, PS, Zabriskie, HA, Smith, CR, Stecker, RA, Richmond, SR, Jagim, AR, and Kerksick, CM. Changes in energy expenditure, dietary intake, and energy availability across an entire collegiate women's basketball season. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of this study was to identify changes in energy expenditure and dietary intake across an entire women's basketball season. Read More

Br J Sports Med 2018 Sep 18. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

Objective: Previous studies have suggested that female athletes might be at higher risk of experiencing complications such as caesarean sections and perineal tears during labour than non-athletes. Our aim was to study delivery outcomes, including emergency caesarean section rates, length of the first and second stages of labour and severe perineal tears, in first-time pregnant elite athletes compared with non-athletes.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study comparing birth outcomes of primiparous female elite athletes engaging in high-impact and low-impact sports compared with non-athletic controls. Read More

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018 Sep 14;15(1):44. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Pavillon des Services, Laval University, 2440, Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.

Background: Studies have shown that the majority of endurance athletes do not achieve the minimal recommended carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 6 g/kg of body weight (BW), with potentially negative impacts on recovery and performance. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and easy to use dietary screener to identify athletes who do and do not achieve a CHO intake > 6 g/kg BW in the context of endurance sports.

Methods: The dietary screener was developed using multiple logistic regression modeling of data from a sample of 1571 non-athlete adults (826 women and 745 men, mean age 44. Read More

US Army Med Dep J 2018 Jan-Jun(1-18):83-90

Stapp Aerospace Medical Facility, Edwards Air Force Base, California.

With unprecedented expansion of the roles of women in the military and the longest period of continuous active combat in US history, it is time that research expanded, including the nutritional and hydration requirements of the female tactical athlete. Dehydration has a negative effect on athletic performance, most significantly in high intensity, aerobic endurance activities. There is evidence female athletes may be more prone to the potentially lethal effects of over hydration. Read More

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018 Nov 22:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

1 The University of Auckland.

Social media contains a wealth of nutrition information and proposes a cost-effective, highly engaging platform to deliver nutrition information to athletes. This study used an online questionnaire to determine whether New Zealand athletes are using social media as a source of nutrition information and to understand perceptions of social media as a nutrition resource. Quantitative data were analyzed using t tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analysis. Read More

Am J Sports Med 2018 Oct 27;46(12):3014-3022. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Center for Human Movement Science, Division of Physical Therapy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most common injuries in sport. To reduce the risk of noncontact ACL injury, it is critical to understand the effects of an intervention program on neuromuscular control-related biomechanical risk factors.

Hypothesis: A newly developed 4-week intervention program would significantly increase the knee flexion angle at peak impact posterior ground-reaction force and would significantly decrease the peak impact posterior and vertical ground-reaction forces in the stop-jump and side-cutting tasks, while the intervention effects would be retained after the training was completed. Read More

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2018;69(3):267-272

Department of Human Nutrition, Wrocław University of Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland

Background: One of the prerequisites to achieve high sports scores is to ensure the proper supply of nutrients. Both deficiency and excess of these components can cause malfunctions of bodies in athletes, which adversely affects their health and performance.

Objective: Comparison of the frequency of intake of groups of vegetables and fruits, being sources of vitamins and minerals, by marathon runners in periods before and after the long-distance run. Read More

Sports (Basel) 2018 Aug 22;6(3). Epub 2018 Aug 22.

Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes ( = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample -test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). Read More

Sports (Basel) 2018 Aug 19;6(3). Epub 2018 Aug 19.

Departments of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA.

Low caloric intake or excessive energy expenditure can lead to a negative energy balance, which, in female athletes, may result in a condition called the female athlete triad. While several guidelines identified proper nutrition as a first line of treatment, little research has been reported to show the effect of a professional nutrition program (PNP) on the female athlete triad. The purpose of this case report was to measure the short- and long-term effects of a PNP on a female athlete presenting triad characteristics. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 Aug 17;8(8):e021257. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.

Objectives: The neighbourhood environment is increasingly shown to be an important correlate of health. We assessed associations between housing tenure, neighbourhood perceptions, sociodemographic factors and levels of physical activity (PA) and adiposity among adults seeking housing in East Village (formerly London 2012 Olympic/Paralympic Games Athletes' Village).

Setting: Cross-sectional analysis of adults seeking social, intermediate and market-rent housing in East Village. Read More

J Strength Cond Res 2018 Oct;32(10):2838-2845

Center for Sports Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.

Brooks, ER, Benson, AC, and Bruce, LM. Novel technologies found to be valid and reliable for the measurement of vertical jump height with jump-and-reach testing. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2838-2845, 2018-Vertical jump testing is used by coaches and athletes across many sports and disciplines to assess lower-body power and neuromuscular fatigue. Read More