Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 May 11:1455613211016704. Epub 2021 May 11.

Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign systemic histiocytic proliferation characterized by massive lymph node enlargement and sometimes associated with extranodal involvement. Even though it is considered to be benign, death can occur depending on the extent and location. Our case highlights a primary extranodal site of the right pinna with extension through the Eustachian tube to the subglottis. Read More

Ann Anat 2021 Apr 30:151748. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Sechenov University, Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, 119146 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address:

Objectives: Research involving the nose reveals important information regarding the morphology and physiology of the epithelium and its molecular response to agents. The role of nasal epithelial cells and other cell subsets within the nasal epithelium play an interesting translational split between experimental and clinical research studying respiratory disorders or pathogen reactions. With a detailed description of important technical aspects, tips, tricks, and nuances for a successful culturing of primary, human nasal epithelial cells (NAEPCs), we here aim to improve the process of communication between experimentalists and physicians, supporting the purpose of a fruitful work for future translational projects. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 04 20;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, 57078 Siegen, Germany.

Many countries introduced the requirement to wear masks in public spaces for containing SARS-CoV-2 making it commonplace in 2020. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation as to the adverse health effects masks can cause. The aim was to find, test, evaluate and compile scientifically proven related side effects of wearing masks. Read More

Med Sci (Basel) 2021 Apr 21;9(2). Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia.

The nasal cavity lined by nasal mucosa, is a significant part of respiratory system of human. However, there are no studies aimed to detect a molecular phenotype of healthy and normal functioning nasal mucosa, obtained after rhinoseptoplasty procedure, to understand its physiology and growth and inflammation processes. Thus, our aim is to identify human healthy nasal mucosa cytokines, neuropeptide-containing innervation and cell proliferation markers to form a control group for further tissue investigation of human nasal polyposis as the next step of our research. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2021 Apr 6;14(7). Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.

In the last years, neurological diseases have resulted in a global health issue, representing the first cause of disability worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches against neurological disorders include oral, topical, or intravenous administration of drugs and more invasive techniques such as surgery and brain implants. Unfortunately, at present, there are no fully effective treatments against neurodegenerative diseases, because they are not associated with a regeneration of the neural tissue but rather act on slowing the neurodegenerative process. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2021 Feb 30;33(1):52-60. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Background: Understanding the age-related morphological changes of facial soft tissue is fundamental in achieving improved outcomes of rejuvenating procedures. Three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry is a reliable and convenient anthropometric tool to assess facial soft tissue.

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish age-related facial soft tissue morphology in Korean adult females using non-invasive 3D photogrammetry. Read More

mBio 2021 04 27;12(2). Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

SARS-CoV-2 infection causing the COVID-19 pandemic calls for immediate interventions to avoid viral transmission, disease progression, and subsequent excessive inflammation and tissue destruction. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells are among the first targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show that ColdZyme medical device mouth spray efficiently protected against virus entry, excessive inflammation, and tissue damage. Read More

J Optom 2021 Apr 18. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St, Jerusalem, 9101001 Israel.

Background: Interpupillary distance (IPD) is important in developmental anatomy, genetics, design of optical instrumentation, ocular diagnostics, and optical prescribing. IPD frequently is measured on different days, and by either automatic pupillometers (physiological measurement) or manual ruler (anatomical measurement). Therefore, there is importance in the agreement and inter-session repeatability of manual and automatic IPD measurements. Read More

BMC Med Educ 2021 Apr 16;21(1):215. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Uganda has an imbalanced distribution of the health workforce, which may be influenced by the specialty career preferences of medical students. In spite of this, there is inadequate literature concerning the factors influencing specialty career preferences. We aimed to determine the specialty career preferences and the factors influencing the preferences among fifth year medical students in the School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS). Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: East Asian faces vary in shape but only oval faces seem to be considered attractive. Many patients with wide faces seek removal of part of the mandibular angle and/or zygoma to achieve an ideal facial contour, but the procedure is high risk and the recovery period is relatively protracted.

Objectives: We sought to achieve ideal facial contours through the use of autologous fat grafting (AFG) combined with masseter botulinum toxin (BTX) injection for patients with wide faces and masseter hypertrophy. Read More

Science 2021 04;372(6539)

Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.

The intestinal mucus layer, an important element of epithelial protection, is produced by goblet cells. Intestinal goblet cells are assumed to be a homogeneous cell type. In this study, however, we delineated their specific gene and protein expression profiles and identified several distinct goblet cell populations that form two differentiation trajectories. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

The nose is one of the most common sites of facial injury due to its prominence and anatomical placement. Given its intricate anatomy, function, and high visibility, it also proves to be one of the most complex regions for repair. We provide a review of the management of soft tissue injuries to the nose, including the various reconstructive tools available and adjunctive wound care measures. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7997. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, USA.

As our human ancestors migrated into Eurasia, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to this climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 Apr 8;150:171. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is an inverted, pyramid-shaped space immediately behind the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and lesions arising here include juvenile angiofibromas, schwannomas, and, in exceptionally rare cases, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Surgical access to the PPF is challenging and has been historically achieved via an open transmaxillary approach associated with facial scaring/deformity as well as potential injury to facial and infraorbital nerve branches. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with facial numbness secondary to a presumed trigeminal schwannoma in the right PPF on magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021 Apr 6;205:173186. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Global Institutes on Addictions, Miami, FL, United States of America.

Serotonin is widely implicated as a modulator of brain reward function. However, laboratory studies have not yielded a consensus on which specific reward-related processes are influenced by serotonin and in what manner. Here we explored the role of serotonin in cue-reward learning in mice. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 May;147(5):749e-762e

From private practice.

Background: Cone-beam computed tomography has recently rapidly developed worldwide as a versatile and convenient alternative to traditional computed tomography for imaging of the maxillofacial region. However, most surgeons performing rhinoplasty are surprisingly unfamiliar with it, in both the plastic surgery and ear, nose, and throat communities.

Methods: The broad clinical experience of a single center over the past 5 years is reviewed. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):305-310

WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Company Limited, Chengdu 610041, China.

Coronaviruses are a common class of respiratory viruses that can cause human infections. 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV), a new coronavirus that has recently caused a pandemic, has affected millions of people and put tremendous pressure on the health systems of almost every country in the world. Coronaviruses are known to spread from person to person through droplets or contact. Read More

N Engl J Med 2021 04 3;384(14):e52. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 Apr 8:1455613211003802. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 37803Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha, Warsaw, Poland.

Objectives: The possibility of visualization of the frontal sinus during endoscopic surgery depends on 3-dimensional configuration of the frontal sinus opening (FSO). We aimed to determine the prevalence of unfavorable angulation of the lower part of the posterior wall of the frontal sinus and its relation to FSO diameter.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed to measure (1) the angle between the nasal floor and the plane tangent to the posterior table of the frontal sinus above the most posterior aspect of the anterior buttress (frontal angle, FA) and (2) dimensions of the FSO. Read More

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2021 ;40(2):35-43

Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang City, Shandong Province 261041, China.

Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection is one of the main causes of respiratory injury. Recently, calcitriol has been reported to have protective effect against respiratory infections. In this paper, we aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of calcitriol on HRV-induced respiratory infection. Read More

Med J Islam Repub Iran 2020 3;34:163. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

To learn anatomy, medical students need to look at body structures and manipulate anatomical structures. Simulation-based education is a promising opportunity for the upgrade and sharing of knowledge. The purpose of this review is to investigate the evaluation of virtual technologies in teaching anatomy to medical students. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 04;118(16)

Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;

Coronaviruses are adept at evading host antiviral pathways induced by viral double-stranded RNA, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate synthetase-ribonuclease L (OAS-RNase L), and protein kinase R (PKR). While dysregulated or inadequate IFN responses have been associated with severe coronavirus infection, the extent to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 activates or antagonizes these pathways is relatively unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infects patient-derived nasal epithelial cells, present at the initial site of infection; induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar type 2 cells (iAT2), the major cell type infected in the lung; and cardiomyocytes (iCM), consistent with cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 disease. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 03 16;18(6). Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.

Nose shape, size, and inclination influence facial appearance, but few studies concern the relationship between the nasal profile and craniofacial structures. The objective of this study was to analyze association of nasal cephalometric variables with skeletal structures, age, and sex. Cephalometric and nasal analysis was performed in 386 Polish orthodontic patients (aged 9-25 years). Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 9;22(5). Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan.

Psychological stress exacerbates mast cell (MC)-dependent inflammation, including nasal allergy, but the underlying mechanisms are not thoroughly understood. Because the key stress-mediating neurohormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), induces human skin MC degranulation, we hypothesized that CRH may be a key player in stress-aggravated nasal allergy. In the current study, we probed this hypothesis in human nasal mucosa MCs (hM-MCs) in situ using nasal polyp organ culture and tested whether CRH is required for murine M-MC activation by perceived stress in vivo. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 21;22(6). Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.

The causes of otitis media (OM) involve bacterial and viral infection, anatomo-physiological abnormalities of the Eustachian canal and nasopharynx, allergic rhinitis, group childcare centers, second-hand smoking, obesity, immaturity and defects of the immune system, formula feeding, sex, race, and age. OM is accompanied by complex and diverse interactions among bacteria, viruses, inflammatory cells, immune cells, and epithelial cells. The present study summarizes the antibodies that contribute to immune reactions in all types of otitis media, including acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma, as well as the transcription factors that induce the production of these antibodies. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 23;37:373. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

Ear-Nose-Throat (ENT) Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.

Inverted papilloma is a rare nasosinusal tumor that mainly occurs in adults during the 5 decade. The occurrence in children is exceptional and only few cases have been reported in the litterature. Clinical and radiological findings mimic other benign nasosinusal pathologies; therefore, diagnosis is based on histopathology either via biopsy or following surgical excision. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;35(4):338-340

Department of Rhinology，the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou，450052，China.

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of esthesioneuroblastoma. The clinical data of 31 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma were retrospectively studied. The average time from first onset to diagnosis in 31 patients was 7. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Mar;35(3):224-228

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery，Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University，Qingdao，266003，China.

To explore the therapeutic effect and prognostic risk factors of olfactory neuroblastoma. Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 31 patients with olfactory neuroblastoma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis to calculate the overall survival rate and progress-free survival rate. Read More

eNeuro 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

Mammalian orienting behaviour consists of coordinated movements of the eyes, head, pinnae, vibrissae, or body to attend to an external stimulus. The present study aimed to develop a novel operant task using a touch-screen system to measure spatial attention. In this task, rats were trained to nose-poke a light stimulus presented in one of three locations. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2021 04 30;100(4):294-296. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Klinik für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Bürgerhospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main.

The rare clinical picture of nasal agenesis is to be presented on the basis of a female newborn. Intrauterine growth restriction with polyhydramnios and midface hypoplasia were noted during pregnancy. Primary cesarean section at 38 + 4 weeks' gestation was done. Read More