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Laryngoscope 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Objectives/hypothesis: Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy is an emerging tool in surgery that provides real-time depth perception. Its benefits have been investigated in surgical training, but the current literature lacks significant objective outcome data. We aimed to objectively compare the efficacy of two-dimensional (2D) versus 3D high-definition endoscopes in novice users. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Endoscopic endonasal approach to infratemporal fossa (ITF) had gained popularity. However, the inferior turbinate and/or lacrimal duct are often removed when performing endoscopic medial maxillectomy for ITF approach and there were potential risk of empty nose syndrome or epiphora. Although endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (EPRA) had been introduced to avoid these complications, there were some limitations associated with surgical freedom. Read More

Ann Agric Environ Med 2018 Dec 5;25(4):593-595. Epub 2017 Jul 5.

Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland.

Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and free-ranging animals, as well as animals kept in zoos. According to the Polish regulations, cattle tuberculosis are slaughtered and microbiological examinations are performed, the rest of animal species can be treated and laboratory diagnostics are not obligatory.

Case Report: The presented case concerns two male giraffes which were purchased by the zoo and united with a third male. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 22;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Departemnt of Anatomy, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman, India.

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.

Background: Filler augmentation rhinoplasty is a quick, non-surgical procedure that can produce outcomes comparable to open rhinoplasty surgery. However, the increased frequency of vascular complications has emerged as an important issue. The present study aimed to investigate measures to overcome the vascular complications based on the anatomy of the nose. Read More

J Otol 2018 Sep 18;13(3):81-84. Epub 2018 Aug 18.

Department of Ear Nose and Throat Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Application of surgical endoscope, used alone or in combination with the surgical microscope, for the operative management of ear and temporal bone conditions may allow improved access and clearance of disease. Preservation of normal structures may also be improved. As the use of this tool is increasing, the need for better understanding of the anatomy of the ear is becoming evident. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Dec;97(12):413-416

Department of Medical Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, Nöthnitzer Straße 44, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

In minimally invasive surgeries, it can be difficult to reach desired anatomic areas with rigid instruments, especially when obstacles are present in the surgical corridor (e.g., during transnasal pituitary surgery). Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2018 14;13:7517-7531. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,

Background: The delivery of treatment agents to inner ear with drug delivery system (DDS) has been under investigation to overcome the limitations of the conventional therapeutic agents in curing or alleviating the cisplatin ototoxicity.

Methods: In the present study, a novel targeted dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded DDS, A666-DEX-NP, was constructed for prevention from cisplatin-induced hearing loss. A666-(CLEPRWGFGWWLH) peptides specifically bind to prestin, which is limited to the outer hair cells (OHCs). Read More

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018 Dec;28(6):428-430

UO Patologia Clinica, P.O. San Gennaro - Asl Napoli1-centro, Naples, Italy.

JAMA 2018 Dec;320(21):2192

Nat Commun 2018 11 29;9(1):5073. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Inputs from olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons expressing the same type of odorant receptor (OR) converge in the glomerulus of the main olfactory bulb. A key marker of mature OSNs is olfactory marker protein (OMP), whose deletion has been associated with deficits in OSN signal transduction and odor discrimination. Here, we investigate glomerular odor responses and anatomical architecture in mice in which one or both alleles of OMP are replaced by the fluorescent synaptic activity reporter, synaptopHluorin. Read More

Rhinology 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Background: Topographical differences in trigeminal receptor distribution of the nasal cavity has been investigated so far indirectly using various agonists to stimulate receptors in different locations. However, polymodal activation of trigeminal receptors poses difficulties in such investigation. The aim of our study was to examine the distribution of trigeminal receptor mRNA expression using quantitative PCR. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Background: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare and debilitating disease with a controversial definition, etiology, and treatment. One puzzling fact is that patients who undergo an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) often have resection of multiple anatomic structures, yet seldom develop ENS. In this pilot study, we analyzed and compared the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and symptoms among post-EEA patients, ENS patients, and healthy subjects. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.

Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein-coupled receptors which serve to detect odorants in the nose. Additionally, these receptors are expressed in other tissues where they have functions outside of the canonical smell response. Olfactory Receptor 1393 (Olfr1393) was recently identified as a novel regulator of sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (Sglt1) localization in the renal proximal tubule. Read More

Respir Res 2018 Nov 26;19(1):233. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive scarring of the lung parenchyma, leading to respiratory failure and death. High resolution computed tomography of the chest is often diagnostic for IPF, but its cost and the risk of radiation exposure limit its use as a screening tool even in patients at high risk for the disease. In patients with lung cancer, investigators have detected transcriptional signatures of disease in airway and nasal epithelial cells distal to the site of disease that are clinically useful as screening tools. Read More

Eur J Med Genet 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Genetics, APHP-Robert DEBRE University Hospital, Sorbonne Paris-Cité University, and INSERM UMR 1141, Paris, France. Electronic address:

The SPECC1L protein plays a role in adherens junctions involved in cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton organization, microtubule stabilization, spindle organization and cytokinesis. It modulates PI3K-AKT signaling and controls cranial neural crest cell delamination during facial morphogenesis. SPECC1L causative variants were first identified in individuals with oblique facial clefts. Read More

J Surg Oncol 2019 Jan 22;119(1):130-142. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Background: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. The purpose of this study was to compare the Kadish, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM), and Dulguerov's modified TNM staging in order to determine the impact of the stage on primary surgical treatment selection, margin status, and survival.

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients diagnosed with ENB between 2004 to 2015. Read More

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2018 Jul-Sep;30(3):360-365

Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between growth changes in maxillary (MS) and sphenoid sinus (SS) and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and to evaluate their reliability and validity in assessing the skeletal maturity of an individual.

Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted on the pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 224 patients (males=116, females=108) aged 8-17 years. MS and SS heights, widths and indices were evaluated. Read More

Viruses 2018 11 19;10(11). Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

H9N2 avian influenza viruses are present in poultry worldwide. These viruses are considered to have pandemic potential, because recent isolates can recognize human-type receptor and several sporadic human infections have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify mutations related to mammalian adaptation of H9N2 influenza virus. Read More

Viruses 2018 11 19;10(11). Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging pathogen capable of causing severe disease in livestock and humans and can be transmitted by multiple routes including aerosol exposure. Several animal models have been developed to gain insight into the pathogenesis associated with aerosolized RVFV infection, but work with these models is restricted to high containment biosafety level (BSL) laboratories limiting their use for antiviral and vaccine development studies. Here, we report on a new RVFV inhalation infection model in KO hamsters exposed to aerosolized MP-12 vaccine virus by nose-only inhalation that enables a more accurate delivery and measurement of exposure dose. Read More

J Prosthodont 2019 Jan 29;28(1):10-14. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Allied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.

A maxillofacial prosthesis is a successful treatment modality to restore missing facial parts. Digital technologies and 3D printing are employed in constructing facial prostheses such as ears; however, their application is still partial, and final prostheses are usually manufactured conventionally using stone molds. This report aims to introduce a complete digital workflow to construct a nasal prosthesis and compare it to the conventional workflow of a patient requiring a nasal prosthesis. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 29;30:188. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

ENT Department, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare but distinct entity of nasal cavity carcinomas. Only a very few cases have been reported in the nasal cavity. Its treatment is not well established. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Dec 24;58:49-55. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China. Electronic address:

Although pituitary adenomas (PAs) are regarded as benign neoplasm, efficient postoperative management of PAs, especially invasive PAs, is still a major challenge for neurosurgeons. Thus, in order to verify the effect of postoperative surveillance alone for invasive PAs and identify helpful predictive factors of relapse after initial surgery, a series of 107 cases of surgically gross-totally resected invasive PAs were retrospectively investigated. With regarded to pituitary function, the preoperative incidence of hypothyroidism was higher than that of hypoadrenocorticism and hypogonadism (66. Read More

Parasite 2018 16;25:55. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Laboratorio de Producción Acuícola, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Ex-Hacienda el Canadá, CP. 66050, México.

Parasitological examination of the maya needlefish Strongylura hubbsi Collette (Belonidae) from the Rio Lacantún basin in the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico showed that specimens were parasitized by two monogenean species in two different sites: Paracolpenteron hubbsii n. gen., n. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(46):e13148

Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Rationale: Knosp grade 4 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma is a rare cause of Cushing disease. After the 1st surgery, the remission rate among these patients is extremely low.

Patient Concerns: We presented a case of a 33-year-old female with classical Cushingoid symptoms. Read More

Eplasty 2018 4;18:e29. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky.

This is a diagnostic study that investigates the clinical significance between patients with short and long nasal bones and the variation in upper septal composition that would delineate propensity for middle vault collapse. Computed tomographic scans of 16 female patients undergoing evaluation with sinus films were analyzed. Two measurements were taken from each scout image: nasal bone length and total nasal length. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2018 Nov/Dec;33(6):1345-1350

Bovine-derived bone mineral demonstrated good osteoconductive properties as grating material for maxillary sinus floor elevation, but the long-term behavior of this material has not been reported. The purpose of this report was to analyze and compare histomorphometric measurements of new bone, bone graft, and medullar spaces 6 months, 12 months, and 20 years after grafting. In the grafted area, the amount of mineralized bone was 16. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 13;50(6):2272-2282. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang,

Background/aims: Cyp4a14 is a member of cytochrome P450 (Cyp450) enzyme superfamily that possesses NADPH monooxygenase activity, which catalyzes omega-hydroxylation of medium-chain fatty acids and arachidonic acid. Study suggests that down-regulation of Cyp4a14 has an anti-inflammatory response in intestine. The present study was to test the function of Cyp4a14 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(45):e13198

Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi.

Background: Prolactinomas affect patients' quality of life and even endanger lives. The study aimed to investigate the effect of the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (EETA) on 52 patients with prolactinomas.

Methods: A total of 52 patients with prolactinomas who had previously undergone EETA in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(45):e13028

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School & Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.

Rationale: Nasal dermoid cysts are rare congenital lesions and may present as a midline nasal swelling. Nasal dermoid cysts usually present at birth and are commonly diagnosed by 3 years of age. An incidentally detected nasal dermoid cyst in an adult patient is extremely rare. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(45):e13022

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School & Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.

Rationale: Seromucinous hamartoma is a rare benign glandular proliferation of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx, and the majority of lesions occur on the posterior nasal septum.

Patient Concerns: The patient had complaints of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching for a number of years, and recurrent right nasal bleeding for which the patient underwent endoscopic removal of a right inferior turbinate tumor. The biopsy result was low-grade, non-intestinal type adenocarcinoma, and the patient was referred to our hospital. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2018 Dec 8;80(12):1881-1886. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Animal Nursing, Faculty of Animal Nursing, Yamazaki Gakuen University, 4-7-2 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan.

An 11-year-old cat presented with nasal discharge and lacrimation and was diagnosed with nasal lymphoma. Although the cat showed favorable progression after undergoing chemotherapy, CT imaging demonstrated enlarged pulmonary nodules caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Following the cessation of chemotherapy, the cat was prescribed clindamycin hydrochloride for toxoplasmosis treatment; however, the cat developed kidney lymphoma and died. Read More

Nature 2018 11;563(7730):157

Interv Neuroradiol 2018 Nov 4:1591019918805776. Epub 2018 Nov 4.

1 Neuroradiology Department, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.

The technique of direct intratumoral injection of permanent liquid agents has evolved significantly over the past few decades. The percutaneous direct puncture technique is being utilised more and more for embolisation of head and neck hypervascular lesions. We describe a case treated via the direct percutaneous transnasal (TN) puncture technique for embolisation of a sinonasal hypervascular tumour, performed in a 21-year-old male patient. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(44):e13027

Department of Ophthalmology.

Rationale: Ewing sarcoma localized in the paranasal sinuses, compressing the optic nerve, is very rare, with no prior case reports PATIENT CONCERNS:: A 68-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity in her left eye and paresthesia of the left face. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed heterogeneously enhancing mass in the left paranasal sinuses with adjacent bone destruction, extending to the extraocular muscles and optic nerve of the left orbit. A biopsy of the nasal cavity confirmed Ewing sarcoma. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 31;275(12):3025-3031. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Saglik Bakanliği University, Merkez Mahallesi, 6. Sk, Bağcilar, 34100, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of systemic isotretinoin therapy on normal and wounded nasal septal mucosa histopathologically in an experimental rabbit model.

Methods: Circular mucosal defect with a 7 mm diameter was made in the left septum of 12 New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into two groups (six rabbits in each group) oral isotretinoin was given with olive oil at the operation day to the first group. Read More

Vet Clin Pathol 2018 Dec 31;47(4):629-633. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.

Background: Feline Mesenchymal Nasal Hamartoma (MNH) is a rare benign tumor-like lesion of the sinonasal tract affecting young cats.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic significance of osteoblast-like (OB-L) and osteoclast-like cells (OC-L) in squash preparation cytology from endoscopic biopsies.

Methods: A 5-year database was retrospectively reviewed and included 109 cases of which 24 were diagnosed as MNH by histopathology. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 19;30:141. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Service de Radiothérapie, CHU Hassan II-Fès, Maroc.

NK/T-cell lymphoma is a severe and rare disorder in Africa and in Europe. Treatment is based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We here report two cases of elderly patients aged 55 years and 52 years, respectively, with bilateral nasal obstruction associated with purulent rhinorrhea. Read More

Tohoku J Exp Med 2018 10;246(2):141-146

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an uncommon extramedullary malignant tumor, and often represents a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MS of paranasal sinus origin is extremely rare. We report an uncommon case of sinonasal MS associated with AML, who was successfully treated with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 21;115:94-96. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.

Objective: To determine whether adenoid epithelium is superior to nasal mucosa for biopsy of ciliated epithelium for electron microscopy (EM) to evaluate pediatric patients with rhinosinusitis for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

Methods: A retrospective review compared electron microscopic results in children with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis who underwent both adenoidectomy or nasopharyngeal biopsy and nasal mucosa biopsy in the course of evaluation for PCD at a tertiary care institution.

Results: Forty pediatric patients met inclusion criteria for this study. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 19;115:82-88. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Division of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Introduction: Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare but deadly clinical entity that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Diagnosis in children typically requires operative biopsies under general anesthesia, which has associated risks. Findings on bedside nasal endoscopy (BNE) can be used with history, exam, and imaging to determine the need for surgery, however, the accuracy of this tool has not been established among pediatric patients. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 14;115:61-64. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Introduction: Bilateral choanal atresia (BCA) is associated with a high incidence of congenital abnormalities that include skull base anomalies and defects. Surgical repair of BCA is necessary in the early neonatal period and any altered anatomy of the adjacent skull base will heighten the risk of intracranial injury. This risk may be further increased in patients with CHARGE syndrome. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Dec 14;115:6-9. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Aim: In patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), the release of nitric oxide (NO) is extremely low by epithelia of the nasopharynx and sinuses. Measurement of nasal NO (nNO) is recommended as a screening test for PCD. The study aimed to evaluate if adenoids affects nNO and may deteriorate the performance of the test. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 10 26;9(1):4463. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.

Mating drive is balanced by a need to safeguard resources for offspring, yet the neural basis for negative regulation of mating remains poorly understood. In rodents, pheromones critically regulate sexual behavior. Here, we observe suppression of adult female sexual behavior in mice by exocrine gland-secreting peptide 22 (ESP22), a lacrimal protein from juvenile mice. Read More

Microbiol Immunol 2018 Nov;62(11):711-719

Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.

Protein subunit vaccines are often preferred because of their protective efficacy and safety. Lactic acid bacteria expressing heterologous antigens constitute a promising approach to vaccine development. However, their safety in terms of toxicity and bacterial clearance must be evaluated. Read More