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Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 9;73(2):132-140. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

t Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey.

Method: A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr;73(3):195-199

a School of Medicine, General Practice , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.

Background: Screening of depression has been recommended in primary care and Beck's 21-item Depression Inventory (BDI-21) is a commonly used tool for screening. Depression has been shown to be frequently accompanied by comorbidities.

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychiatric comorbidity of primary care patients who have been screened for depression and referred to a depression nurse. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 22;73(2):90-95. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

a Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health , Peking University , Beijing , China.

Background: Genetic studies have provided convergent results indicating that schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder with a heritability estimate of ∼60-80%. The propensity for schizophrenia is ∼10 times higher in individuals with first-degree relatives with schizophrenia when compared to the general population.

Aim: To identify associations between parental characteristics and the risk of schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 22;73(2):81-89. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

a Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.

Purpose: Childhood trauma in an important public health concern, and there is a need for brief and easily administered assessment tools. The Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) is one such instrument. The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties of the Swedish translation of the short, self-rated version (ETISR-SF), and to further validate the instrument. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 21;73(3):159-168. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Campus Charité Mitte, Universitätsmedizin , Berlin , Germany.

Purpose: In the past, research on personality in borderline personality disorder (BPD) used primarily questionnaires suggesting heightened neuroticism in BPD. Self-report instruments inform about the conscious or explicit self-concept. BPD patients are known to show negative distortion with exaggeration of negative affect in the self-report. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 21;73(3):178-184. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

a Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey.

Aim: Neurodegenerative processes are effective in schizophrenia. However, the underlying causes of the symptoms and associated factors have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent research has focused on the relationship between neurodegeneration and vitamin D, Klotho and homocysteine levels. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 21;73(2):149-158. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

a Psychiatric Research Unit , Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Center Copenhagen , Hellerup , Denmark.

Background: The future of assertive community treatment is uncertain, and studies have questioned whether it continues to provide a more effective treatment model for severely mentally ill patients in a modern mental health context. Studies conducted in new settings can contribute to the debate.

Methods: This Danish study compares treatment from assertive community treatment with treatment by standard community mental health teams, using a non-blinded quasi-experimental multi-center trial. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 19;73(3):207-210. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

a Faculty of Health and Welfare , Malmö University , Malmö , Sweden.

Objective: The de-institutionalizing process came to an end before the millennium shift by closing mental hospitals. After that some of the most ill patients are cared for in sheltered housing (SH). There is no in-house psychiatric competence and the staff on the floor usually lacks such knowledge and training. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 19;73(3):185-194. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

a Department of Psychiatry , South Ostrobothnia Hospital District , Seinäjoki , Finland.

Purpose: Behavioural activation and motivational interviewing, both evidence-based treatments (EBTs), were implemented in secondary psychiatric care. This longitudinal evaluation of a real-world programme focused on the penetration of EBT adoption and its associations with therapist-related and perceived intervention-related variables. The implementation plan was also compared to sub-processes of Normalization Process Theory. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 14;73(2):111-117. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

a Faculty of Psychology , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.

The presence of comorbid conditions associated with paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is reported to range from 50 to 80% and to have an impact on treatment outcome. Accurate identification of comorbid psychiatric disorders is necessary in order to provide personalised care. Reliable and valid diagnostic interviews are essential in the process of establishing the correct diagnoses. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 12;73(2):118-124. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

d Department of Psychiatry , Västervik Sjukhus , Västervik , Sweden.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD is methylphenidate. The clinical response to methylphenidate may be monitored against DSM-5 symptomatology, rating scales or interviews. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 8;73(3):169-177. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

b Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Objective: To investigate whether patients with dual diagnosis have a higher risk of being mechanical restraint compared to patients with only psychiatric diagnoses.

Methods: Data on all patients admitted to a psychiatric ward from 2010-2014 in the Capital Region of Denmark was linked with information from the register of coercive measures. Patients were based on diagnosis divided into six groups. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Apr 8;73(3):200-206. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

a Research Unit for General Practice and Section for General Practice, Institute of Public Health , University of Copenhagen, Psychiatric Research Unit Mental Health Centre North Zealand, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Purpose: Pregnancy examinations conducted in general practice focus mainly on identifying high-risk pregnancies and pregnancy complications. The pregnancy health record has a biomedical focus, and consequently the woman's mental well-being may receive less attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to which early pregnancy-related symptoms should be considered as indicators of an increased risk of postpartum depression. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 15;73(2):141-148. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

a Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Southern Jutland , Aabenraa , Denmark.

Background & Aim: This study investigates the effectiveness of the Cool Kids programme in two outpatient psychiatric clinics for children with anxiety. Efficacy studies find that 60-80% of programme completers improve. It is unclear if the intervention is as effective in real-life clinical treatment, as only one previous Danish effectiveness study has ever been conducted. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug;72(6):442-446

b Psychiatric Research Unit , Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, University of Copenhagen , Hillerød , Denmark.

Background: The Hawthorne effect on clinical studies in Parkinson's disease has not been thoroughly investigated. Evidently the Hawthorne effect may have impact on study outcomes acting as a 'pre-placebo' effect in the recruitment phase, hence before inclusion.

Aim: The aim of this study was to discuss the Hawthorne effect in relation to clinical and self-reported outcome measures in a randomized clinical study in the recruitment phase and during the study. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug;72(6):396-403

a Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.

Background: Psychiatry has traditionally focused on studying psychopathology and treating mental illnesses to relieve symptoms and prevent relapse. Positive psychiatry seeks to expand the scope of psychiatry to broader aspects of mental health and well-being among individuals with or without mental illnesses. Positive psychosocial factors such as well-being, resilience, optimism, wisdom, and social support are central to positive psychiatry. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep;72(sup1):S23-S26

a Tavistock Centre , London , UK.

Background: Unlike the majority of 'culture-bound syndromes', eating disorders are one of the few mental disorders initially conceptualized as 'culture-bound' to North America/Europe. Social norms vary massively within cultures-class, ethnicity and gender. Over time there have been substantial changes in body shape preferences. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep;72(sup1):S30-S32

c Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry , Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.

Background: Ethnopharmacology relates to the study of substances used medicinally by different ethnic or cultural groups or handling of, drugs-based ethnicity or pharmacogenetics.

Aims: To review the key aspects of ethnopharmacology.

Method: This lecture gives an overview of the relationship between geography, culture, pharmacogenomics and prescribing. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep;72(sup1):S33-S35

a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy.

Background: Features of placebo response in medicine have been forgotten and ignored over the last decade.

Aim: To explore why patients do get better with placebo despite its perceived inertness.

Methods: This lecture reviews the relation between illness perception, psychopharmacology and culture. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep;72(sup1):S9-S12

b Transcultural Centre, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden.

Background: Mental health services in Sweden are confronted with globalization and refugee migration from conflict- and war-torn countries.

Aim: To discuss how clinicians in Sweden can deal with a series of challenges in a changing globalized society, ranging from difficulties of overcoming barriers to help seeking to difficulties of identifying trauma and finding culturally adapted clinical tools.

Method: Case vignettes are presented to exemplify challenges. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep;72(sup1):S36-S39

d Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Sunderby Research Unit , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.

Background: Long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-APs) are considered a major advance in psychiatric treatment concerning treatment adherence and outcomes. Yet, both, doctors and patients remain sceptical.

Aim: To explain the rationale for using LAI-APs, review their effectiveness and explore barriers to use. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 21;73(2):104-110. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

b Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences , Oslo Metropolitan University , Oslo , Norway.

Study Objectives: Sleep quality problems are a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aims of this study were to describe and evaluate possible differences regarding sleep quality problems and hyperarousal symptoms between exposed and unexposed survivors after an avalanche. Further, we wanted to describe any association between avalanche exposure and survivors' self-reported sleep quality problems and posttraumatic stress (disorder) symptoms with and without hyperarousal symptoms. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 19;73(1):73-79. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

a Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, Department of Health and Caring Sciences , University of Gävle , Gävle , Sweden.

Background: People with depression are prescribed more drugs than people in general, partly due to comorbidity with other conditions. However, little research has been done on depression-related drug use from a gender perspective.

Aim: Examine the association between antidepressants, other types of prescribed drugs, and polypharmacy, by gender. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 19;73(1):31-35. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

c Department of Human and Medical Genetics , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Centre for Medical Genetics , Vilnius , Lithuania.

Background: CYP450 system gene CYP2D6 polymorphisms have been associated with an altered response to psychotropic drugs. While there exists interindividual and interethnic differences of clinical significance, there is no data concerning the Lithuanian population.

Aims: To determine the distribution of CYP2D6 alleles and predicted phenotype in the Lithuanian population, compare it to other Europeans and find the differences between patients with affective disorders and the healthy population. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Feb 17;73(2):96-103. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

a Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland.

Background: Neurotrophin-3 (NTF3) and neurotrophin-4 (NTF4) play a crucial role in the neurodevelopment, differentiation, survival, and protection of neurons in different brain regions. Schizophrenia and depression are highly associated with metabolic abnormalities. Longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons of NTF3 and NTF4 levels, as well as clinical and metabolic parameters, were studied in schizophrenia, first-episode depression, and control groups. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 12;73(1):64-72. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

a Department of Psychiatry , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) , Chandigarh , India.

Background: Studies using the stress-appraisal-coping model to examine caregiving in schizophrenia and mood disorders are limited.

Aim: This study attempted to examine psychological distress among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia and mood disorders using the framework of the stress-coping theory. The impact of illness-related stressors and caregiver-related factors on caregiver-distress was also explored. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 14;73(1):44-50. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

a Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Risskov , Risskov , Denmark.

Objective: There is substantial evidence that both patients with schizophrenia and patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have impaired social cognition including theory of mind (ToM) deficits. However, it remains unclear if both verbal (explicit) and non-verbal (implicit) ToM as well as social perception are similarly affected in both disorders.

Methods: Twenty-one patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 11 patients diagnosed with ASD were matched one-to-one to healthy controls based on gender, age, and educational level. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 12;73(1):24-30. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

b b Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, Department of Social Work , Jönköping , Sweden.

Problem: Although efficacy studies of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) have shown evidence of treatment benefits, there is still need for studies on its effectiveness in natural clinical processes. This study investigates the development in health, substance use and social conditions of those who applied for OMT, including those denied access or discharged.

Method: First, persons assessed for admittance in 2005-2011 (n = 127) were categorized into four trajectory groups based on whether they were admitted or denied (n = 19), discharged (n = 31), readmitted (n = 21) or had been undergoing OMT without interruption (n = 56). Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 14;73(1):36-43. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

a National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Background: Continuity of mental health care is central to improve the conditions of people with enduring mental disorders. In Denmark, several government-funded projects on the improvement of continuity of mental health care have been initiated since 2009.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how national intervention projects on continuity of mental health care have addressed major barriers for continuity of care and extract general learning points from the projects on the improvement of continuity of care. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 14;73(1):58-63. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

a Department of Psychology , Lund University , Lund , SE , Sweden.

Background: Panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia (PDA or PD, respectively), is a major public health problem. After having established a PD diagnosis based on the DSM or the ICD systems, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is the most widely used interview-based instrument for assessing disorder severity. There is also a self-report version of the instrument (PDSS-SR); both exist in a Swedish translation but their psychometric properties remain untested. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 12;73(1):1-8. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

a Department of Psychiatry , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.

Background: Alterations in P300 components occur in depressed patients, but the brain regions contributing to these changes remain unclear.

Aims: Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the underlying neural activation of P300 components in patients with depression to explore brain regions related to depression.

Methods: P300 components were evoked by an oddball auditory paradigm and recorded from 30 patients with current depression, as well as 30 age-, gender-, and education level-matched healthy controls. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 14;73(1):51-57. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

e Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey.

Background: It is widely acknowledged that schizophrenia patients tend to have insecure attachment styles and improper parenting. However, the biological processes related to these adversities remain unclear and that the disturbance in oxytocin system is considered as one of the strongest predictors of such adversities.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected thirty-four healthy siblings were recruited for the study and they were compared with thirty-one healthy controls. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug;72(6):454

Nord J Psychiatry 2019 Jan 18;73(1):16-23. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.

Purpose: To compare experiences for adverse events, especially sexual abuse, and mental health in a group of high school students in out-of-home care with a representative sample of peers of the same age and similar educational attainment living with their parents.

Materials And Methods: A sample of 5839 students in the third year of Swedish high school, corresponding to a response rate of 59.7%, answered a study specific questionnaire. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14:1-33. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

a Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Sunderby Research Unit , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.

Background: According to estimates from the European Commission, Europe has experienced the greatest mass movement of people since the Second World War. More than one million refugees and migrants have arrived in the European Union in the past few years. Mental health and primary care professionals are more likely than ever to meet patients from different cultures and backgrounds. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep 7;72(sup1):S3-S4. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

a Sunderby Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Psychiatry , Umeå University , 97180 Luleå , Umeå , Sweden.

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Oct 4;72(7):455-461. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

b Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre , University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.

Objective: To assess the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type-2-diabetes in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Methods: A population-based study was conducted using the Swedish national health registries. Patients were identified from the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in 20 primary care centers and were categorized in four diagnosis cohorts according to their first psychiatric diagnosis: bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, or other mood disorder. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep 29;72(sup1):S20-S22. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

a Portman Clinic, Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.

Background: Shame is a powerful negative emotion, associated with many mental disorders, both as an aetiological factor and as a consequence affecting symptoms, psychological defences and therapeutic outcomes.

Aim: To summarise some of the findings to date regarding cultural influences on the role of shame within mental disorders.

Methods: This lecture explores the concept of shame and its impact on mental disorders from a transcultural perspective. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Sep 29;72(sup1):S13-S15. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

b Department of Psychosis Studies , King's College , London , UK.

Background: Religion and psychiatry may be both considered to be two different ways of explaining the unknown, of responding to questions about the meaning of life, and of bringing healing.

Aims: To discuss the border between religion and psychiatry.

Method: This lecture explores the interface between religion and psychiatry and discusses the border between soul and mind. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug 16;72(6):447-453. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.

Purpose: There are several clinical areas where psychological well-being may play an important role: the assessment of the dynamic balance between ill-being and well-being; reduction of incidence, prevention of recurrence and achievement of full recovery in psychiatric disorders such as depression; patient's satisfaction and perceived change after treatment. The aim of this article is to discuss the clinical role of Well-Being Therapy (WBT).

Materials And Methods: A critical review of the literature concerned with psychological well-being and its treatment was performed. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Nov 16;72(8):599-604. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Eulji University School of Medicine , Daegeon , Korea.

Background: A circadian rhythm disturbance is one of the essential components of the phenotype of bipolar disorder. It has been reported that casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E), a member of the clock gene family, is associated with psychiatric phenotypes.

Objectives: We performed a genetic association study to determine the genetic role of CSNK1E in bipolar disorder and circadian rhythm disturbances in the Korean population. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Oct 16;72(7):521-525. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

b Department of Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Pitkäniemi , Finland.

Background: Dementia is associated with progressive deterioration in multiple cognitive domains, functional impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the factors associated with the outcome of NPS and daily functioning in patients with dementia during acute psychogeriatric hospitalization.

Materials And Method: The data (n = 175) were collected between 2009 and 2013 in naturalistic settings on one acute psychogeriatric ward at one university hospital in Finland. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Oct 16;72(7):534-541. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

b Department of Psychiatry , Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine , Incheon , Republic of Korea.

Background: Magnesium (Mg), an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, has received increased attention recently because of its role in the pathophysiology of and treatment response in depression. However, whether Mg level is decreased in depression is not firmly established. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to help making consensus for the association between Mg levels and depression. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Oct 16;72(7):526-533. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

d Department of Psychiatry , Institute of Clinical Medicine , Helsinki , Finland.

Background: Poor adherence to psychiatric treatment is a common clinical problem, leading to unfavourable treatment outcome and increased healthcare costs.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the self-reported adherence and attitudes to outpatient visits and pharmacotherapy in specialized care psychiatric patients.

Methods: Within the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium (HUPC) pilot study, in- and outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SSA, n  =  113), bipolar disorder (BD, n  =  99), or depressive disorder (DD, n  =  188) were surveyed about their adherence and attitudes towards outpatient visits and pharmacotherapy. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug 1;72(6):395. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

d Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen.

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Nov 1;72(8):621-629. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital , Psychiatry , Aarhus , Denmark.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Danish version of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire - Child Version (OBQ-CV). The OBQ-CV assesses dysfunctional beliefs concerning responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism/uncertainty, and importance/control of thoughts, which according to cognitive theories are important in the development and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Methods: The study included a pediatric sample (age 7-17 years) consisting of 57 children and adolescents with OCD, 49 children and adolescents with an anxiety disorder (AD), and 58 typically developing (TD) children and adolescents without a psychiatric diagnosis. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Oct 1;72(7):501-505. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

d Department of Parasitology , Inonu University Medical Faculty , Malatya , Turkey.

Background And Aim: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common neuropsychiatric illness. Although the etiology of OCD is still unknown, recent investigations have associated development of OCD with infectious illness. Toxoplasma gondii (T. Read More

Nord J Psychiatry 2018 Aug 1;72(6):420-430. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

c Department of Community Mental Health , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.

Background: One goal within positive psychiatry is to support the personal recovery of persons with mental illness and providing opportunities for well-being.

Aim: The current article aims to introduce readers to the concept of personal recovery and the potential and importance of recovery-oriented services and measures.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to help consider the domains of 'personal recovery', 'recovery-oriented services/interventions', and 'measures'. Read More