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J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Nov;253(10):1328-1333

CASE DESCRIPTION Three 21-week-old sexually intact female sibling domestic shorthair cats were brought to an emergency clinic because of signs of sudden respiratory distress that were noted by the owner after the cats had been confined for approximately 10 hours in a room with an operating ozone-generating air purifier. No other potential toxicant exposures were reported. CLINICAL FINDINGS On initial examination, the 3 cats were severely dyspneic and tachypneic. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2018 Oct 26. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common and potentially lethal clinical syndromes characterized by acute respiratory failure resulting from excessive pulmonary inflammation, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. At present, there is no effective and specific therapy for ALI/ARDS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have well-known therapeutic potential in patients with ALI/ARDS. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 9;55(6):836-840. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a commonly prescribed sulfonamide thiazide-type diuretic medication that has been associated with rare cases of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Case Report: A man in his 50s with a medical history notable for hypertension was transferred to our institution for evaluation of refractory hypoxemia. After taking an initial dose of HCTZ earlier in the day, he developed progressive respiratory failure and was intubated at a referring hospital. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(34):e11913

Department of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Introduction: Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is characterized by hypoproteinemia, diffused pitting edema, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and hypotension. By far, there are no related reports of CLS secondary to malignant hypertension (MHT). A 33-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of CLS on the background of MHT. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018 Sep 3;28(5):415-428. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Objective: To assess distribution of alveolar-interstitial syndrome (AIS) detected by lung ultrasound (LUS) compared to thoracic radiographs (TXR).

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University teaching hospital. Read More

Respir Med 2018 08 3;141:150-158. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, U C San Diego School of Medicine, USA. Electronic address:

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a condition of varied etiology characterized by the acute onset (within 1 week of the inciting event) of hypoxemia, reduced lung compliance, diffuse lung inflammation and bilateral opacities on chest imaging attributable to noncardiogenic (increased permeability) pulmonary edema. Although multi-organ failure is the most common cause of death in ARDS, an estimated 10-15% of the deaths in ARDS are caused due to refractory hypoxemia, i.e. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Oct 3;36(10):1929.e1-1929.e2. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Derince Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.

Drug induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common clinical condition. Patients typically present with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Large number of ARDS cases reported induced by antineoplastic drugs and other drug intoxications. Read More

Crit Care 2018 Jun 12;22(1):157. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients.

Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 May;97(21):e10525

Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University.

Rationale: Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ANPE) is a rare but challenging complication which occurs during the perioperative period, mainly before and after the extubation in the course of the recovery period of general anesthesia. It is characterized by increased fluid in extravascular pulmonary spaces, preventing gas exchange and further resulting in respiratory failure.

Patient Concerns: A 12-year-old boy who had undergone island skin flap in the right upper limb and who developed a unilateral pulmonary edema after the administration of neostigmine during the recovery period of general anesthesia. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Sep;27(9):2360-2366

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The aim of the present study is to confirm the correlation between fibrinogen and the severity of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) among nondiabetic patients with noncardiogenic acute ischemic stroke.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study of 170 consecutive patients with noncardiogenic acute ischemic stroke who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and vascular imaging was conducted. WMHs were classified into periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep and subcortical WMH (DSWMH) using Fazekas rating scale. Read More

Masui 2017 May;66(5):493-502

The evaluation of the lung has usually been considered off-limits for ultrasound, because ultrasound energy is rapidly dissipated by air. Lung ultrasound is not useful for the evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma and the pleural line. However ultrasound machines have become more portable, with decreased start-up time, while simultaneously providing improved image quality and ease of image acquisition. Read More

Chest 2018 Mar 26;153(3):689-696. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY.

Background: The presence of B lines on lung ultrasonography is a characteristic feature of both cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) and noncardiogenic alveolar interstitial syndrome (NCAIS), so their presence does not allow the clinician to differentiate between the two entities. Our study used M-mode ultrasonography of the pleura to differentiate CPE from NCAIS.

Methods: A total of 43 subjects were enrolled in the study, and based on history, physical examination, and chart review, the patients were divided into three groups: an NCAIS group, a CPE group, and a control group. Read More

Pediatr Clin North Am 2017 10;64(5):1017-1037

Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110 San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypoxia that accompanies up to 30% of deaths in pediatric intensive care units. Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) is diagnosed by the presence of hypoxia, defined by oxygenation index or Pao/Fio ratio cutoffs, and new chest infiltrate occurring within 7 days of a known insult. Hallmarks of ARDS include hypoxemia and decreased lung compliance, increased work of breathing, and impaired gas exchange. Read More

Wilderness Environ Med 2017 Sep 30;28(3):234-238. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Drs. Akunov, Sartmyrzaeva, Maripov, Muratali uulu, Mamazhakypov, Sydykov, and Sarybaev); Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Center, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (Drs Akunov, Sartmyrzaeva, Maripov, Muratali uulu, and Sarybaev). Electronic address:

High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially life-threatening form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that may develop in otherwise healthy individuals upon ascent to high altitude. A constitutional susceptibility has been noted in some individuals, whereas others appear not to be susceptible at all. In our report, we present a case of HAPE triggered by concurrent respiratory tract infection and strenuous exercise in a mining worker with an abnormal rise in pulmonary artery pressure in response to acute hypoxia, without a prior history of HAPE during almost a year of commuting between high altitude and lowland areas. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2017 Mar;29(3):272-275

Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. Corresponding author: Zuo Xiangrong, Email:

Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe respiratory condition that is characterized by rapidly progressive hypoxemia with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite the improvement of therapeutic methods, the mortality of ARDS is in the range of 40%-50% all over the world. Some studies have shown that a significant number of patients with ARDS had acute cor pulmonale (ACP), and ACP is independently associated with the mortality of patients with ARDS, which has attracted wide attention in recent years. Read More

Stroke 2017 07 16;48(7):1835-1841. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

From the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (C.Z., Yilong Wang, X.Z., L.L., C.W., Y.P., X.Z., Y.P., Yongjun Wang); China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (C.Z., Yilong Wang, X.Z., L.L., C.W., Y.P., X.Z., Y.P., Yongjun Wang); Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (Yongjun Wang); Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, China (Yongjun Wang); and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (K.S.W.).

Background And Purpose: Posterior circulation ischemic stroke (IS) is generally considered an illness with a poor prognosis. However, there are no effective rating scales to predict recurrent stroke following it. Therefore, our aim was to identify clinical or radiological measures that could assist in predicting recurrent cerebral ischemic episodes. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017 Dec 14;141(12):1719-1727. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifactorial syndrome with high morbidity and mortality rates, characterized by deficiency in gas exchange and lung mechanics that lead to hypoxemia, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Histologically, ARDS is characterized by an acute, exudative phase, combining diffuse alveolar damage and noncardiogenic edema, followed by a later fibroproliferative phase. Despite an enhanced understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, the capacity to predict the development of ARDS and to risk-stratify patients with the disease remains limited. Read More

Ultrasound Med Biol 2017 09 9;43(9):1846-1852. Epub 2017 Jun 9.

University of Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna, Italy.

Discriminating between causes of dyspnea may be difficult, particularly in the elderly. The aim of this retrospective study of 83 inpatients with acute dyspnea was to assess the influence of age, multimorbidity and cognitive or motor impairment on the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) in discriminating acute heart failure (AHF) from noncardiogenic dyspnea (NCD). Univariate analysis indicates that LUS misdiagnosis was associated with the following parameters: history of stroke (p = 0. Read More

Am J Cardiol 2017 06 8;119(12):1897-1901. Epub 2017 Apr 8.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address:

Our aim was to evaluate the mortality rate and occurrence of complications in patients aged <75 versus ≥75 years with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We studied 1,657 consecutive patients with STEMI hospitalized in the cardiac intensive care unit during 2008 to 2014. All patients underwent primary percutaneous intervention, of which 292 (18%) were aged ≥75 years. Read More

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017 09;57(3):307-314

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.

Hemin, the oxidized prosthetic moiety of hemoglobin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease by virtue of its endothelial-activating properties. In this study, we examined whether hemin can cause lung microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction. By assessing transendothelial resistance using electrical cell impedance sensing, and by directly measuring trans-monolayer fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux, we found that hemin does cause endothelial barrier dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner. Read More

Kidney Int 2017 07 17;92(1):37-46. Epub 2017 Mar 17.

Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. Electronic address:

In various human diseases, an increase in capillary permeability to proteins leads to the loss of protein-rich fluid from the intravascular to the interstitial space. Although sepsis is the disease most commonly associated with this phenomenon, many other diseases can lead to a "sepsis-like" syndrome with manifestations of diffuse pitting edema, exudative serous cavity effusions, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypotension, and, in some cases, hypovolemic shock with multiple-organ failure. The term capillary leak syndrome has been used to describe this constellation of disease manifestations associated with an increased capillary permeability to proteins. Read More

Pulse (Basel) 2017 Jan 23;4(Suppl 1):11-16. Epub 2016 Dec 23.

Japan Osteoporosis Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed in Japan and is a blood pressure-independent index of arterial stiffness from the origin of the aorta to the ankle. In recent years, it has been studied by many researchers worldwide, and it is strongly anticipated that it will play a role as a predictive factor for arteriosclerotic diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of using CAVI as a predictor of cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2017 Jan 31;26(143). Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Dept of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

At any point 1-5 days following ascent to altitudes ≥2500 m, individuals are at risk of developing one of three forms of acute altitude illness: acute mountain sickness, a syndrome of nonspecific symptoms including headache, lassitude, dizziness and nausea; high-altitude cerebral oedema, a potentially fatal illness characterised by ataxia, decreased consciousness and characteristic changes on magnetic resonance imaging; and high-altitude pulmonary oedema, a noncardiogenic form of pulmonary oedema resulting from excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. This review provides detailed information about each of these important clinical entities. After reviewing the clinical features, epidemiology and current understanding of the pathophysiology of each disorder, we describe the current pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Read More

Toxicol Mech Methods 2017 May 24;27(4):293-297. Epub 2017 Jan 24.

a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China.

Noncardiogenic lung edema is a key factor affecting the prognosis of acute lung injury (ALI). Previous studies have been focused on regulatory roles of ceramide on lung vascular endothelial barrier functions and had already identified ceramide as mediator involved in the formation of lung edema. However, the effects of ceramide on lung epithelial barrier were still unknown. Read More

Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016 Summer;28(2):281-287. Epub 2016 Apr 26.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany. Electronic address:

Prone positioning is a therapeutic maneuver to improve arterial oxygenation in patients with acute lung injury that is not implemented in most centers performing adult cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to review our experience with prone positioning to assess the effects of this maneuver in patients with postoperative acute respiratory failure. From 2010-2014, 127 adult patients with postoperative acute respiratory failure were treated with prone positioning in addition to specific therapy. Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017 May 22;58(3):259-265. Epub 2016 Dec 22.

Department of Clinical Sciences, National Veterinary School of Alfort, University of Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema is an important cause of respiratory disease in dogs and cats but few reports describe its radiographic appearance. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe radiographic findings in a large cohort of dogs and cats with presumed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and to test associations among radiographic findings versus cause of edema. Medical records were retrieved for dogs and cats with presumed noncardiogenic edema based on history, radiographic findings, and outcome. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2017 Jul 6;32(4):668-674. Epub 2016 Dec 6.

Department of Internal Medicine, Gimpo Woori Hospital, Gimpo, Korea.

Background/aims: Recent studies have shown an association of epicardial fat thickness with diabetes and hypertension (HTN) in asymptomatic populations. However, there is lack of information as to whether there is similar association between pericoronary adipose tissue (PAT) and HTN in the patients who have acute or chronic illness.

Methods: This study included 214 nonobese patients hospitalized with acute or chronic noncardiogenic illness. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2016 Dec;25(142):506-512

Dept of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia

The number of people practising recreational breath-hold diving is constantly growing, thereby increasing the need for knowledge of the acute and chronic effects such a sport could have on the health of participants. Breath-hold diving is potentially dangerous, mainly because of associated extreme environmental factors such as increased hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, hypercapnia, hypothermia and strenuous exercise.In this article we focus on the effects of breath-hold diving on pulmonary function. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016 Nov 8;26(6):844-850. Epub 2016 Apr 8.

Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.

Objective: To describe a case of suspected drug-induced infiltrative lung disease (ILD) and acute respiratory failure associated with the administration of cytarabine and prednisone in a dog requiring mechanical ventilation.

Case Summary: A 4.5-year-old, female spayed Yorkshire Terrier presented to the ICU with acute onset of respiratory distress following a 24-hour cytarabine infusion. Read More

Crit Care 2016 Jun 3;20(1):132. Epub 2016 Jun 3.

Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with bilateral chest X-ray opacities and reduction in lung compliance, and the hallmark of the syndrome is hypoxemia refractory to oxygen therapy. Severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg), which defines severe ARDS, can be found in 20-30 % of the patients and is associated with the highest mortality rate. Although the standard supportive treatment remains mechanical ventilation (noninvasive and invasive), possible adjuvant therapies can be considered. Read More

Indian J Pharmacol 2016 Jan-Feb;48(1):74-7

Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: Pulmonary edema, a manifestation of scorpion envenomation syndrome, is attributed to cardiogenic or noncardiogenic factors. Morphine is a drug used for cardiogenic pulmonary edema and its effect on Mesobuthus tamulus (MBT) venom-induced changes is not known. Therefore, we hypothesized that morphine blocks the MBT venom-induced augmentation of phenyldiguanide (PDG) reflex and pulmonary edema. Read More

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017 Apr 9;23(3):255-265. Epub 2016 Jul 9.

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania.

Introduction: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely used in patients with acute coronary syndromes or stroke. Despite adequate antiplatelet therapy, some patients develop acute ischemic events. This is partly attributed to the fact that they have poor inhibition of platelet reactivity, despite treatment. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2016 Mar 5;91(3):362-6. Epub 2016 Feb 5.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Nonanaphylactic noncardiogenic pulmonary edema leading to cardiorespiratory arrest related to the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent gadobutrol has rarely been reported in the literature. Rarer is the association of hypokalemia with acidosis. We report 2 patients who had severe pulmonary edema associated with the use of gadobutrol contrast in the absence of other inciting agents or events. Read More

Echocardiography 2016 May 3;33(5):778-87. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

Cardiology Division, Hospital of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires "Dr. Cosme Argerich,", Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Pulmonary edema is a frequent condition found in adult patients hospitalized in cardiology wards and intensive care units. Ultrasonography is a diagnostic modality with a high sensitivity for the detection of extravascular lung water, visualized as B lines, and usually caused by cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. This paper highlights a simple method for the assessment of patients with pulmonary edema, which allows for a differential diagnosis of its possible mechanism and contributes to therapeutic intervention guiding and monitoring. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2016 Mar-Apr;30(2):536-42. Epub 2016 Jan 27.

Department of Clinical Studies-Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Background: Pleural effusion is a common cause of dyspnea in cats. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurement, using a first-generation quantitative ELISA, in plasma and pleural fluid differentiates cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion.

Hypothesis/objectives: To determine whether NT-proBNP measurements using second-generation quantitative ELISA and point-of-care (POC) tests in plasma and pleural fluid distinguish cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions and how results compare to the first-generation ELISA. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2016 Jul 19;51(7):E25-7. Epub 2016 Jan 19.

Pediatric Pulmonology Institute, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.

A 12-year-old boy developed severe acute respiratory distress during a school break requiring resuscitative measures. The episode started shortly after a short choking episode with a cookie. History, physical examination, laboratory results, chest X-ray, and clinical course supported the diagnosis of negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE). Read More

Coron Artery Dis 2016 Mar;27(2):122-7

aHospital de Santa Cruz, CHLO bCEDOC, Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.

Background: The benefit of complete revascularization (CR) during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) is still not clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of CR in a nonselected population from an all-comers prospective registry of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) over a long period of time.

Methods And Results: Between 2004 and 2014, 671 noncardiogenic shock STEMI patients with MVD were included in the present study, of whom 522 were subjected to incomplete revascularization and 149 were subjected to CR. Read More

J Neurosurg 2016 08 27;125(2):254-63. Epub 2015 Nov 27.

Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Japan; and.

OBJECT Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often accompanied by pulmonary complications, which may lead to poor outcomes and death. This study investigated the incidence and cause of pulmonary edema in patients with SAH by using hemodynamic monitoring with PiCCO-plus pulse contour analysis. METHODS A total of 204 patients with SAH were included in a multicenter prospective cohort study to investigate hemodynamic changes after surgical clipping or coil embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms by using a PiCCO-plus device. Read More

Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2016 Mar;37(1):7-8

From the *Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA and †Forensic pathologist Montgomery.

We report a case of fatal hyponatremic encephalopathy in a child who was forced to exercise as a form of punishment. A 9-year-old girl with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was forced to run repeated 50-ft sprints to the point of exhaustion by her grandmother as punishment for taking candy from a classmate. After more than 3 hours of forced running, the child collapsed, began to vomit, and had repeated clonic seizures. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2015 3;2015:653750. Epub 2015 Aug 3.

Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the acute onset of noncardiogenic edema and subsequent gas-exchange impairment due to a severe inflammatory process. Recent report on the prognostic value of eicosanoids in patients with ARDS suggests that modulating the inflammatory response through the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a useful strategy for ARDS treatment. The use of enteral diets enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has reported promising results, showing an improvement in respiratory variables and haemodynamics. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015 Dec 29;21(12):2061-2068. Epub 2015 Aug 29.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Engraftment syndrome (ES) encompasses a continuum of periengraftment complications after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ES may include noninfectious fever, skin rash, diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, transient encephalopathy, and capillary leak features, such as noncardiogenic pulmonary infiltrates, hypoxia, and weight gain with no alternative etiologic basis other than engraftment. Given its pleiotropic clinical presentation, the transplant field has struggled to clearly define ES and related syndromes. Read More

Ther Adv Respir Dis 2015 Dec 20;9(6):302-12. Epub 2015 Aug 20.

University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute lung injury that is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia second to a pathogenic impairment of gas exchange. Despite significant advances in the area, mortality remains high among ARDS patients. High mortality and a limited spectrum of therapeutic options have left clinicians searching for alternatives, spiking interest in selective pulmonary vasodilators (SPVs). Read More

Case Rep Med 2015 2;2015:968152. Epub 2015 Jul 2.

Department of Island and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Goto, Nagasaki 853-8691, Japan.

Introduction. Family physicians have more opportunities to attend athletic competitions as medical staff at first-aid centers because of the increasing popularity of endurance sports. Case. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2015 Jul;28(3):350-2

Department of Internal Medicine (Porres-Aguilar, Al-Bayati, Syed), Department of Pathology (Padilla), Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (Mukherjee, Abbas), and medical student (Lowder, Azimova, Fan), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center/Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas; and Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas School of Medicine and Division of General Internal Medicine, Beneficencia Española de Tampico, Tampico, Mexico (Porres-Muñoz).

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) represents a rare form of precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension. We present a young patient hospitalized with progressive dyspnea, with initial workup suggestive of pulmonary hypertension and unexplained noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. His subsequent clinical course was consistent with the diagnosis of PVOD. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2015 Apr-Jun;4(2):290

Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India.

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2015 Apr-Jun;31(2):264-6

Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.