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Microorganisms 2022 May 29;10(6). Epub 2022 May 29.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy.

Nocardia is primarily considered an opportunistic pathogen and affects patients with impaired immune systems, solid-organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), and patients with haematologic malignancies. We present the cases of six patients diagnosed with nocardiosis at our center in the last two years, describing the various predisposing conditions alongside the clinical manifestation, the diagnostic workup, and the treatment course. Moreover, we propose a brief literature review on Nocardia infections in the immunocompromised host, focusing on SOTRs and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and highlighting risk factors, clinical presentations, the diagnostic tools available, and current treatment and prophylaxis guidelines. Read More

Vet Sci 2022 Jun 1;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.

Nocardiosis, a rare infectious disease in dogs and cats, is caused by Gram-positive aerobic actinomycetes of the genus . A one-year-old castrated male Great Dane was presented with clinical signs of an ulcerated nodule on the right ear, which was observed after two weeks of treatment with cyclosporine and prednisolone due to idiopathic hepatitis. Cytological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammatory cells and blanched filamentous rods. Read More

Pediatr Transplant 2022 Jun 21:e14344. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Background: Nocardia infections are rare opportunistic infections in SOT recipients, with few reported pediatric cases. Pediatric patients with single ventricle congenital heart defects requiring HT may be more susceptible to opportunistic infections due to a decreased T-cell repertoire from early thymectomy and potential immunodeficiencies related to their congenital heart disease. Other risk factors in SOT recipients include the use of immunosuppressive medications and the development of persistent lymphopenia, delayed count recovery and/or lymphocyte dysfunction. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 27;12:884411. Epub 2022 May 27.

State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Under the COVID-19 pandemic background, nucleic acid detection has become the gold standard to rapidly diagnose the infectious disease. A rapid, low cost, reliable nucleic acid detection platform will be the key to control next potential pandemic. In this study, a nucleic acid detection platform, which combined CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), was developed and termed CRISPR-CLA. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2022 Jul 13;25:30-34. Epub 2022 May 13.

Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas.

Rev Mal Respir 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Service de pneumologie et de cancérologie thoracique, l'hôpital Nord Ouest, Villefranche sur Saône, France.

Introduction: Systemic nocardiosis is an infectious disease that is rarely associated with mediastinal lymph nodes.

Case Report: We report the case of a 72-year-old male patient treated with a high dose of oral corticosteroids for rheumatoid polyarthritis. This patient presented with rapid overall deterioration associated with mediastinal lymph nodes. Read More

Med Princ Pract 2022 Jun 14. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Background: The clinical spectrum of systemic nocardiosis encompasses pulmonary and disseminated disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an important feature of disseminated disease with significant mortality and high relapse rate, especially in those with suppressed cell-mediated immunity. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and outcome in patients with CNS nocardiosis. Read More

Infez Med 2022 1;30(2):285-292. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

is a genus of aerobic actinomycetes that are usually responsible for opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Less frequently nocardiosis can interest immunocompetent population, causing especially primary cutaneous infections. Cutaneous involvement by spp. Read More

Med Trop Sante Int 2021 12 10;1(4). Epub 2021 Nov 10.

Service d'orthopédie-traumatologie, Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutougou MAGA de Cotonou (CNHU-HKM), Bénin.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects as well as the therapeutic methods of mycetomical lesions.

Material And Methods: This was a longitudinal retrospective study, which included all patients treated for mycetoma from January 2016 to December 2018 including two years of recruitment and one year of monitoring (2019). The study concerned 19 patients who were hospitalized and treated in the department of surgery. Read More

Med Trop Sante Int 2022 03 11;2(1). Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Service de dermatologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.

Objectives: Although the foot remains the main localization of mycetomas, extrapodal attacks, which are rarely studied, are also possible and occur either initially or following an extension. The objectives were to describe the epidemiological, clinical and etiological features of extrapodal mycetomas in Senegal.

Methodology: Cross-sectional and retrospective study with multicentric enrollment in four reference department, two of which are in dermatology and two in orthopedics and traumatology. Read More

J Infect 2022 May 31. Epub 2022 May 31.

Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69004, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ, Lyon F-69007, France. Electronic address:

Objectives: Nocardiosis is a rare opportunistic infection that is frequently associated with dissemination (i.e. involvement of several body sites). Read More

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 Apr 30;15(5). Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Natural Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.

Nitroimidazole represents one of the most essential and unique scaffolds in drug discovery since its discovery in the 1950s. It was K. Maeda in Japan who reported in 1953 the first nitroimidazole as a natural product from with antibacterial activity, which was later identified as Azomycin (2-nitroimidazole) and remained in focus until now. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 May 2;11(5). Epub 2022 May 2.

Infectious Diseases Service and Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Lung transplant recipients are at higher risk to develop infectious diseases due to multi-drug resistant pathogens, which often chronically colonize the respiratory tract before transplantation. The emergence of these difficult-to-treat infections is a therapeutic challenge, and it may represent a contraindication to lung transplantation. New antibiotic options are currently available, but data on their efficacy and safety in the transplant population are limited, and clinical evidence for choosing the most appropriate antibiotic therapy is often lacking. Read More

Front Public Health 2022 10;10:866420. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, China.

This report describes a case of disseminated nocardiosis, caused by , in a 61-year-old man with macroglobulinemia and presenting with repeated fever, cough, shortness of breath, and muscle pain. The isolated strain was resistant to ciprofloxacin, but susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, linezolid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxim, and imipenem. The patient was started on combined meropenem and doxycycline treatment, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which was subsequently switched to a combination treatment of linezolid, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2022 Jun 23;9(6):ofac028. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Tedizolid has activity against Gram-positive pathogens as well as spp and spp. Real-world evidence supporting long-term tolerability and clinical success of tedizolid is lacking. Prolonged tedizolid therapy (median, 188 days; interquartile range, 62-493 days) appeared to be well tolerated in 37 patients (8. Read More

QJM 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Division of Internal Medicine, Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Kochi Hospital, 526-1 Myoken-aza-Nakano, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8509, Japan.

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022 May 16;21(1):17. Epub 2022 May 16.

King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Disseminated nocardiosis still causes significant morbidity and mortality and is often caused by Nocardia asteroides, N. basiliensis, and N. farcinica and are often treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 11;14(4):e24023. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, JPN.

Nocardiosis is a relatively rare opportunistic infection, ranging from localized to systemic diseases, commonly occurring in immunocompromised patients with high mortality rates. We present a case of a 61-year-old man who received medical treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent a physical examination that showed abnormal chest shadows on radiography. Chest computed tomography revealed bronchiectasis and infiltration in the left lower lobe. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2022 May 9;9(5):ofac146. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

UCLA Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to play a key role in enhancing multiple immune functions that affect response to infectious pathogens including antigen presentation, complement- and antibody-mediated phagocytosis, microbicidal activity, and neutrophil chemotaxis. Reduced GM-CSF activity and immune response provides a mechanism for increased infection risk associated with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) and other disorders involving the presence of GM-CSF autoantibodies. We present a case series of five patients with persistent or unusual pulmonary and central nervous system opportunistic infections (Cryptococcus gattii, Flavobacterium, Nocardia) and elevated GM-CSF autoantibody levels, as well as 27 cases identified on systematic review of the literature. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2022 8;13:126. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan.

Background: is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus belonging to actinomycetes and has been reported to be an infectious disease in healthy individuals. However, more than 60% have some underlying illnesses and are said to be opportunistic infections.

Case Description: The case was a 69-year-old man who had been on long-term steroids for systemic lupus erythematosus. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2022 Jul 2;57(7):1823-1825. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Staffordshire Children's Hospital at Royal Stoke, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.

Br J Haematol 2022 May 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Hematology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022 04 22;35 Suppl 1:114-116. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Paula González-Jiménez, Pneumology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia Spain.

Br J Dermatol 2022 Apr 28. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Mycoses 2022 Jun 25;65(6):599-612. Epub 2022 May 25.

Durham County Department of Public Health, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data on sex distributions in invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed a literature search of in vitro/animal studies, clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of invasive fungal infections. Read More

IDCases 2022 9;28:e01497. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Identifying species in routine tests is often difficult owing to its culture time. We report a case of nocardiosis characterized by multiple abscesses of disseminated disease. A man in his 50 's presented with inflammation on the left buttock and right lower leg. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2022 06 30;24(3):e13841. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Mar 28;58(4). Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54703, USA.

spp. is a Gram-positive, partially acid-fast aerobic bacterium usually associated with infection in immunocompromised people. The most common sites of infection are the skin, lungs, and the brain, however disease can disseminate and affect every organ. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2022 Aug 18;28(8):1172-1176. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital, Japan.

Nocardiosis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and causes infections in various organs, including the lungs, skin, and organs of the central nervous system. Herein, we report the case of a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome who had been on immunosuppressive drugs and developed pulmonary nocardiosis due to Nocardia nova complex and Pneumocystis pneumonia. For pulmonary nocardiosis, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, and clarithromycin were initiated sequentially, but were subsequently discontinued due to side effects; the treatment was completed with tedizolid. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):1346-1355

State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

A previously unknown species was isolated from the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a 58-year-old woman with bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia. This (GZ2020), which grew readily in Columbia blood agar and could induce pneumonia in a mouse model, represents a novel species, and its closest known relatives are NBRC 100462, NBRC 100343 and NBRC 16497. However, unlike all previously known species, GZ2020 is the first genus of spp. Read More