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Neurosci Lett 2019 Jan 9;698:121-125. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Despite the widespread use in clinical practice, little research has been done on mechanisms of sedation. In particular, little is known about the changes in the information processing of external stimuli in sedation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of event-related potential (ERP) in auditory passive oddball paradigm when the sedation was induced by sevoflurane inhalation. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 20;12:CD012033. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, Helsinki, Finland, PB 266 00029.

Background: Inadequate pain management after surgery increases the risk of postoperative complications and may predispose for chronic postsurgical pain. Perioperative ketamine may enhance conventional analgesics in the acute postoperative setting.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous ketamine in adult patients when used for the treatment or prevention of acute pain following general anaesthesia. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 12 17;12:CD003877. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Unit of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, UK, WC1X 8LD.

Background: Children's fear about dental treatment may lead to behaviour management problems for the dentist, which can be a barrier to the successful dental treatment of children. Sedation can be used to relieve anxiety and manage behaviour in children undergoing dental treatment. There is a need to determine from published research which agents, dosages and regimens are effective. Read More

J Anesth Hist 2018 Oct 1;4(4):237-239. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-6031, USA; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106-3804, USA; Honorary Curator and Laureate of the History of Anesthesia, Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1061 American Ln, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4973, USA. Electronic address:

During the 19 century, patients undergoing anesthesia for surgical and dental procedures were at risk of being given hypoxic or dilute nitrous oxide on four separate occasions. Primary and secondary saturation during surgery could account for two administrations of 100% nitrous-oxide anesthesia, while both diagnostic and therapeutic doses of dilute nitrous oxide were frequently administered in mental asylums. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Nov;7(21):e009562

2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC.

Background Kallistatin exerts beneficial effects on organ injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the role of kallistatin in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ), atherosclerotic plaques of apoE mice, and endothelial activation. Read More

Neuroreport 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Integration of neural information could be considered a crucial element in maintaining consciousness. Although consciousness is usually maintained during sedation, strictly speaking, the sedative state is different from consciousness. Nitrous oxide (N2O) has been used widely to sedate patients for dental procedures. Read More

Niger J Clin Pract 2018 Nov;21(11):1501-1507

Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Aim And Background: Sedation is gaining popularity among dental procedures in children. Ketamine and propofol mixture, known as ketofol, is one of the promising choices in sedation protocols; however, there is no consensus on the exact ratio of ketamine plus propofol especially in dental practice. The aim of present study was to compare perioperative side effect profiles, recovery profiles, and satisfaction rates of both parents' and dentists' following three different ratio of ketofol mixtures in children undergoing dental treatment. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2018 Jun 2;32(2):137-148. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.

The issue of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) still poses a significant burden on our patients. Although rarely associated with a life-threatening condition, it is consistently considered as one of the most undesirable side effects of surgery and anesthesia. There are well-established risk factors for the development of PONV that include patient-related factors, anesthetic technique, use of volatile anesthetics, use of nitrous oxide, duration of anesthesia, opioid administration, and type of surgery. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2018 Sep 1;19(9):1157-1160. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is a genetic autosomal dominant disorder; malignant hyperthermia is a possible complication. It may occur following administration of some halogenated general anesthetics, muscle relaxants, or surgical stress.

Aim: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the dental management of patients with Steinert's disease. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2018 Dec 4;28(12):1105-1108. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.

Introduction: Spinal muscular atrophy is characterized by loss of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord with resultant proximal muscle weakness. Intrathecal nusinersen has revolutionized the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. We reviewed the perioperative care of 61 anesthetics performed on eight patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 who received nusinersen over 30 months in conjunction with nusinersen's phase 3 clinical trials. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Feb 27;650(Pt 2):1787-1794. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address:

Little is known about the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rates on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and their differential contribution to nitrous oxide (NO) production, particularly in greenhouse based high N input vegetable soils. Six N treatments (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6 representing 0, 293, 587, 880, 1173 and 1760 kg N ha yr, respectively) were continuously managed for three years in a typically intensified vegetable field in China. The aerobic incubation experiment involving these field-treated soils was designed to evaluate the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to NO production by using acetylene or 1-octyne as inhibitors. Read More

Trials 2018 Sep 29;19(1):527. Epub 2018 Sep 29.

Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Institute of Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.

Background: Acute pain is always the most common complaint in Emergency Department admissions and options for analgesia are limited. Nitrous oxide/oxygen possess many properties showing it may be an ideal analgesic method for the Emergency Department; it is quick-acting, well-tolerated, and does not mask signs and symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and analgesic effect of the fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for trauma patients in a busy emergency environment. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Feb 20;651(Pt 1):713-724. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy.

In Mediterranean ecosystems an increasing demand for in situ trace gas exchange data is emerging to enhance the adaptation and mitigation strategies under forest degradation. Field-chamber green-house gas fluxes and site characteristics were analysed in two Mediterranean peri-urban pine forests showing degradation symptoms. We examined the effect of different thinning interventions on soil CO, CH and NO fluxes, addressing the relationships with the environmental variables and C and N contents along forest floor-soil layers. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 31;9:1693. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.

Bacteria are the highest abundant microorganisms in the soil. To investigate bacteria community structures, diversity, and functions, contrasting them in four different seasons all the year round with/within two different forest type soils of China. We analyzed soil bacterial community based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing via Illumina HiSeq platform at a temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest (Baotianman, BTM) and a tropical rainforest (Jianfengling, JFL). Read More

Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018 Aug 9. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Background: There is little evidence regarding the best way to treat adhesive capsulitis. Physical therapy can reduce pain and improve function and range of motion. However, we lack clear indications on the regimen, techniques or intensity of physical therapy to achieve better results. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Dent 2018 Sep;19(3):205-212

Private practice, Rome, Italy.

Aim: Pain experienced during dental treatment increases the risk of developing dental anxiety in children who will became anxious adults, avoiding dental care. It is therefore essential to provide pain-free dental treatment. The strongest fears are often associated with injections: being able to successfully complete painless restorative treatment without the need for local anesthesia injection is therefore an important goal. Read More

Birth 2018 Jul 22. Epub 2018 Jul 22.

Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: A vast majority of women who choose nitrous oxide for labor report high satisfaction despite variable analgesic effectiveness. We analyzed comments provided by women who used nitrous oxide for labor, to identify determinants of satisfaction in this population, and to better understand reasons for continuing with nitrous oxide despite variable analgesic effectiveness.

Methods: We conducted qualitative content analysis of comments in a quality improvement database of routine follow-up assessments of women who delivered vaginally, using nitrous oxide as the sole labor analgesic. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 07 4;15(7). Epub 2018 Jul 4.

School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.

While the progress of China’s industrialization and urbanization has made great strides, atmospheric pollution has become the norm, with a wide range of influence and difficult governance. While many previous works on NOx pollution have been developed from the perspectives of natural science and technology, few studies have been conducted from social-economic points of view, and regional differences have not been given adequate attention in driving force models. This paper adopts China’s provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, an extended STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model, and spatial econometric models to investigate the socio-economic influential factors and spatial-temporal patterns of NOx emissions. Read More

J Anesth Hist 2018 Apr 8;4(2):133-134. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-6031, USA; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106-3804, USA; Honorary Curator and Laureate of the History of Anesthesia, Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, American Society of Anesthesiologists, 1061 American Ln, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4973, USA. Electronic address:

In 1887, American dentist Samuel J. Hayes published reports associating unoxygenated anesthetics with asphyxia and insanity, and then British psychiatrist George H. Savage published a report of cases of insanity following nitrous-oxide anesthesia in British journals. Read More

Scand J Pain 2015 Apr 1;7(1):28-34. Epub 2015 Apr 1.

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

Background and aims Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy (BMAB), performed under local anaesthesia in adults, is a common and often painful procedure. Anxiety is known to intensify pain during the procedure. Nitrous oxide (N2O), known for its sedative and analgesic benefit in various short medical procedures and labour pain, could be advantageous also for pain relief during bone marrow examination. Read More

Scand J Pain 2015 04 1;7(1):35-37. Epub 2015 Apr 1.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway.

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2018 Aug;31(4):439-445

Departments of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, Bioengineering and Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Purpose Of Review: After decades without substantial advances, multiple novel antidepressants show promise against treatment-resistant depression. Interestingly, many of these are anesthetics. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence for the antidepressant effects of ketamine, nitrous oxide, isoflurane and propofol and to consider potential clinical, administrative and research implications for anesthesiologists. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018 Aug 14;79:163-167. Epub 2018 May 14.

College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Inflammation markers in zebrafish embryos reflect a toxic response that is common to other animal models and humans. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are known to cause damage in various tissues by inducing inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether a FFA (palmitate) induces inflammation in zebrafish embryos. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2018 Aug 28;633:1022-1031. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address:

During a cruise of the survey vessel Dongfanghong II on the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the spring of 2017 we performed accurate measurements of the mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (NO) using two types of Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometers (CRDS). The spatial variations of the mole fraction of the four trace gases were very similar. The emission sources of these gases were divided into several regions by using the NOAA HYSPLIT model. Read More

Amino Acids 2018 Jul 4;50(7):799-821. Epub 2018 May 4.

Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

We recently found that renal carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in the reabsorption of inorganic nitrite (NO), an abundant reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in tissues and cells. Impaired NO synthesis in the endothelium and decreased NO bioavailability in the circulation are considered major contributors to the development and progression of renal and cardiovascular diseases in different conditions including diabetes. Isolated human and bovine erythrocytic CAII and CAIV can convert nitrite to nitrous acid (HONO) and its anhydride NO which, in the presence of thiols (RSH), are further converted to S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and NO. Read More

PLoS One 2018 27;13(4):e0195574. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Department of Anesthesiology, Federal Fluminense University, University hospital Antonio Pedro, Niterói, Rio de janeiro, Brazil.

Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TUSPB) is the standard method of diagnosis for prostate cancer, and although it is well tolerated by some patients, it presents a discomfort rate of 65 to 90%, which may be associated with pain. For convenience, it is agreed that a method of analgesia and sedation is necessary. For this purpose, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of inhalation of a 50-50% N2O-O2 gas mixture on pain intensity in these patients. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 May;44(5):661-669

Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, North Carolina.

Background: Many dermatologic procedures are painful and can be distressing to patients.

Objective: To determine whether nitrous oxide has been used in dermatology and whether literature supports its use in terms of providing analgesia and anxiety associated with dermatologic procedures.

Methods: A search of PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted through July 15, 2016, to identify studies involving nitrous oxide use in dermatology. Read More

PLoS One 2018 19;13(4):e0194794. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Department of Oral Health Sciences at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.

Background: Initial administration of ≥60% nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats evokes hypothermia, but after repeated administrations the gas instead evokes hyperthermia. This sign reversal is driven mainly by increased heat production. To determine whether rats will behaviorally oppose or assist the development of hyperthermia, we previously performed thermal gradient testing. Read More

J Emerg Nurs 2018 07 11;44(4):331-335. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Rochester, NY.

Indian J Anaesth 2018 Mar;62(3):197-201

Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Background And Aims: Hypotensive anaesthesia is necessary in rhinoplasty for better visualisation of surgical field and reduction of surgery time. Gabapentin is a new generation anticonvulsant with anti-hyperalgesic and anti-nociceptive properties. We aimed to investigate the effect of pre-operative administration of oral gabapentin (1200 mg) on anaesthetic requirements and post-operative analgesic consumption and its role in hypotensive anaesthesia for rhinoplasty. Read More

BMJ Paediatr Open 2018 24;2(1):e000218. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

Emergency Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Introduction: Intranasal fentanyl and nitrous oxide (NO) can be combined to create a non-parenteral procedural sedation regimen for children in the paediatric emergency department. This combination of intranasal fentanyl and NO provides effective pain relief for more painful procedures, but is associated with a higher incidence of vomiting than NO alone. Our aim is to assess whether ondansetron used preventatively reduces the incidence of vomiting associated with intranasal fentanyl and NO for procedural sedation compared with placebo. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2018 May;30(2):155-164

Department of Dental Anesthesia, NYU Langone Hospital, 150 55th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA; Division of Endodontics, Orthodontics and General Practice Residency, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, 925 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have a variety of anesthetic agents that can be used to provide anesthesia safely and efficiently in the office-based environment. However, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of the particulars for each agent. Commonly used anesthetic agents, administered either individually or in combination, include diazepam, midazolam, propofol, ketamine, opioid agonists such as fentanyl or remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, and inhalational agents, including nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 05 27;54(5):e105-e107. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2018 Apr 27;19(2):125-128. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Unit of Dental Care for Special Needs Patients and Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40125, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Needle breakage during the administration of dental analgesia is an extremely rare event.

Case Report: A case of needle breakage during the administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block occurred in a child with KBG syndrome. During the injection, a sudden movement of the child caused the breakage of the needle. Read More

Anesthesiology 2018 07;129(1):192-215

From the Department of Anesthesiology (G.L., J.H.W.) Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation (F.L.F.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (N.N.) Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa (C.A.W.) Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas (H.K.E.).

Obstetric anesthesia has evolved over the course of its history to encompass comprehensive aspects of maternal care, ranging from cesarean delivery anesthesia and labor analgesia to maternal resuscitation and patient safety. Anesthesiologists are concerned with maternal and neonatal outcomes, and with preventing and managing complications that may present during childbirth. The current review will focus on recent advances in obstetric anesthesia, including labor anesthesia and analgesia, cesarean delivery anesthesia and analgesia, the effects of maternal anesthesia on breastfeeding and fever, and maternal safety. Read More

Med Gas Res 2017 Oct-Dec;7(4):256-259. Epub 2018 Jan 22.

Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Claude-Delorme, Jouy-en-Josas, France.

Under normal conditions we continuously breathe 78% nitrogen (N) such that the body tissues and fluids are saturated with dissolved N. For normobaric medical gas administration at high concentrations, the N concentration must be less than that in the ambient atmosphere; therefore, nitrogen will begin to be released by the body tissues. There is a need to estimate the time needed for denitrogenation in the planning of surgical procedures. Read More

Food Funct 2018 Mar 27;9(3):1713-1725. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China. and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea.

We conducted the present study to determine the gastric injury preventive effects of polyphenols in Kuding tea (KTPs) in Kunming (KM) mice through the inhibition of gastric-acid secretion and the protection of the gastric mucosa. Mice treated with a high concentration of Kuding tea polyphenols (HKTP) had lower serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), motilin (MOT), substance P (SP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and higher serum levels of somatostatin (SS) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) than did the mice in the control group. Serum and gastric tissue levels of nitrous oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and GSH were higher in the HKTP-treated mice than in the control mice, but malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were lower in the HKTP-treated mice than in the control mice. Read More

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018 Feb 23;122:60-63. Epub 2017 Dec 23.

Anesthesia & Intensive Care and Pain relief & Palliative Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Via San Lorenzo 312, 90145, Italy; SAMO, Palermo, Italy; University of Texas, USA; University of Palermo, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Oral opioids or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions are often suggested in the management of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP). The aim of this systematic and critical review was to analyse and critically comment the evidence of any non-fentanyl therapies proposed for BTcP.

Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out to find studies providing clinical data on any treatment excluding fentanyl products. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2018 03;28(3):257-263

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Background: Little is known regarding the incidence and contributing factors of postdischarge nausea and vomiting in children.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of postdischarge nausea and vomiting in day surgery patients and to identify demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables that influence the risk.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, a postdischarge questionnaire was administered to parents of ambulatory patients who received anesthesia and the electronic records were reviewed. Read More

Case Rep Vasc Med 2017 24;2017:4868123. Epub 2017 Dec 24.

Department of Sports Medicine, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands.

Exercise-related intermittent claudication is marked by reduced blood flow to extremities caused by either stenosis or impaired vascular function. Although intermittent claudication is common in the elderly, it rarely occurs in the young and middle-aged individuals. Here, we report a case of exercise-related claudication in a 41-year-old woman, in the absence of overt vascular pathology. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2018 03 11;129(3):638-645. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland; Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the EEG findings and haemodynamic parameters of adult male patients while undergoing mask induction with sevoflurane anaesthesia with either controlled hyperventilation (CH) or spontaneous breathing (SB).

Methods: Twenty male patients, aged 23-52 (mean 42) years were anaesthetized randomly with either spontaneous breathing or mild controlled hyperventilation via mask. EEG was recorded using a full 10-20 electrode set. Read More

Prehosp Emerg Care 2018 Jul-Aug;22(4):497-505. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Background: The quality of procedural analgesia and sedation among trauma patients has not been studied much in the prehospital setting. The main objective of this study was to characterize the quality of procedural analgesia sedation practices in prehospital settings in trauma patients.

Methods: This was an open-label observational prospective multicenter study (January 01, 2012-December 31, 2013). Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018 Jan;22(1):217-222

Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, School of Medicine Gemelli Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy.

Objective: Pain relief is a very important aspect in Pediatrician's clinical practice. It is often thought that young children, particularly infants, do not perceive as much pain as adults because of their immature nervous system and that untreated pain would not have adverse long-term consequences. Instead, it has been demonstrated that infants and children experience pain in a similar manner to adults. Read More

J Vis Exp 2018 01 13(131). Epub 2018 Jan 13.

Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology;

Anesthesia arguably provides one of the only systematic ways to study the neural correlates of global consciousness/unconsciousness. However to date most neuroimaging or neurophysiological investigations in humans have been confined to the study of γ-Amino-Butyric-Acid-(GABA)-receptor-agonist-based anesthetics, while the effects of dissociative N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-(NMDA)-receptor-antagonist-based anesthetics ketamine, nitrous oxide (N2O) and xenon (Xe) are largely unknown. This paper describes the methods underlying the simultaneous recording of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) from healthy males during inhalation of the gaseous anesthetic agents N2O and Xe. Read More

J Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Apr;38(2):144-148

Nitrous oxide (laughing gas) has shown early promise as a rapidly acting antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant major depression and is currently investigated in several clinical trials. Because nitrous oxide is rarely administered outside operating rooms or dental practices, most psychiatrists are not familiar with how nitrous oxide is administered in a medical setting and what regulations guide its use. The goal of this brief review was to educate psychiatrists about the basic concepts of nitrous oxide administration and pharmacology. Read More

PLoS One 2018 9;13(1):e0190167. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Introduction: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an anesthetic gas with antinociceptive properties and reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for volatile anesthetic agents, potentially through mechanisms involving central alpha2-adrenoceptors. We hypothesized that 70% N2O in the inspired gas will significantly reduce the MAC of sevoflurane (MACSEVO) in sheep, and that this effect can be reversed by systemic atipamezole.

Materials And Methods: Animals were initially anesthetized with SEVO in oxygen (O2) and exposed to an electrical current as supramaximal noxious stimulus in order to determine MACSEVO (in duplicates). Read More

J Pain Res 2018 20;11:11-21. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Mundipharma GmbH, Limburg, Germany.

Background: Low-dose methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide (NO; 50:50 with oxygen) are both self-administered, self-titrated, rapid-acting, nonnarcotic, and noninvasive inhalational agents with similar onset times of pain relief. The aim of this review was to compare the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of these analgesics in emergency care.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search and review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were performed using Embase, Medline, the Cochrane Library, several clinical trial registers, and emergency-medicine conference material. Read More

Perfusion 2018 07 4;33(5):335-338. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

2 Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

In patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), exercise capacity is a decisive factor regarding the quality of life. When evaluating exercise capacity, precise information about the total cardiac output generated is crucial. To date, complex measurements using a right-heart catheter were necessary in order to determine total cardiac output. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018 Mar 25;74:19-25. Epub 2017 Dec 25.

Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia 44662, Egypt.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary cinnamon nanoparticles (CNP) on the growth performance, antioxidant and digestive enzymes activities, and innate immunity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish (9. Read More