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JAMA Netw Open 2019 Apr 5;2(4):e192613. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora.

Importance: Attempts to discontinue opioid therapy to reduce the risk of overdose and adhere to prescribing guidelines may lead patients to be exposed to variability in opioid dosing. Such dose variability may increase the risk of opioid overdose even if therapy discontinuation is associated with a reduction in risk.

Objective: To examine the association between opioid dose variability and opioid overdose. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 Apr 19:e13565. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Division of Nephrology, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Background: Due to the increasing public acceptance of substance use, it is important to understand the association between substance use and access to kidney transplant and its outcomes. Here we assess the sociodemographic predictors of substance use and the association between substance use and KT access.

Methods: Predictors of substance use were examined using a multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Apr 18;4:CD013308. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK, OX2 6GG.

Background: Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to replace nicotine from cigarettes to ease the transition from cigarette smoking to abstinence. It works by reducing the intensity of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Although there is clear evidence that NRT used after smoking cessation is effective, it is unclear whether higher doses, longer durations of treatment, or using NRT before cessation add to its effectiveness. Read More

Prev Med Rep 2019 Jun 8;14:100824. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, USA.

Food insecurity is associated with mental health outcomes among adults experiencing homelessness. Different theoretical explanations have emerged to account for the negative health outcomes among vulnerable populations. The neomaterial theoretical perspective suggests that nutritional deficiencies from experiencing food insecurity are related to negative health outcomes. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019 Apr;51(2):197-205

Institute of Systems Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing 100191, China.

Objective: To investigate functions of proteins and signaling pathways involved in epileptogenesis during the chronic stage of temporal lobe epilepsy in mouse models.

Methods: Kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy models were conducted, when reaching stage 4 using racine scale, the mice of experimental group were supposed to be successfully established. Pentobarbital sodium was injected to stop epileptic seizure in case of death. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Apr 16;16(8). Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Motivations for cannabis use may include coping with negative well-being. Life satisfaction, a hallmark of subjective well-being, could play a role in cannabis use among young adults. This study aims to assess whether life satisfaction (SWLS) at age 21 is associated with cannabis initiation and cessation between the ages of 21 and 25, and with cannabis use severity (CUDIT) at age 25. Read More

Nicotine Tob Res 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Introduction: Characterizing flavors are widely available in e-cigarettes and motivate initiation and continued use. Flavors may enhance appeal and facilitate development of addiction to tobacco products through modulation of tobacco products' reinforcing or aversive actions. Palatable flavors (e. Read More

Am J Addict 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.

Background And Objectives: Despite the overwhelming need for tobacco use disorder (TUD) treatment in behavioral health settings, few models have emerged for training psychiatry residents. One barrier may be a lack of curricula or faculty expertize in this area. The goal of this project was to develop and evaluate a 3 hour online webinar-based course for teaching psychiatry residents about TUD. Read More

J Oral Rehabil 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Brazilian Centre for Evidence-Based Research, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Objectives: To synthesize available knowledge about both sleep (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) as depicted by previous published systematic reviews (SR).

Methods: SR investigating any bruxism-related outcome were selected in a two-phase process. Searches were performed on seven main electronic databases and a partial grey literature search on three databases. Read More

J Cytol 2019 Apr-Jun;36(2):111-115

Department of Oral Pathology, I.T.S-CDSR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: The term oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) was recommended to refer to precancer as it conveys that not all disorders described under this term may transform into cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arises through an accumulation of genetic alterations, deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) changes, and epigenetic alterations. Thus, a simple yet a sensitive and specific test for early diagnosis is the need of an hour. Read More

J Neurosci 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224

Although 60% of the US population have tried smoking cigarettes, only 16% smoke regularly. Identifying this susceptible subset of the population before the onset of nicotine dependence may encourage targeted early interventions to prevent regular smoking and/or minimize severity. While prospective neuroimaging in human populations can be challenging, preclinical neuroimaging models prior to chronic nicotine administration can help develop translational biomarkers of disease risk. Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Mar 22;252:310-314. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil.

Background: Both physical activity (PA) and TV-viewing are associated with depressive symptoms, but the combined association with depressive symptoms is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the joint association of PA and TV-viewing with depressive symptoms among a large cohort of adults.

Methods: We used data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 59,401 adults [≥18 years (34,282 women)]. Read More

J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. However, 10.7% of women in the United States reported smoking during the third trimester of pregnancy (V. Read More

J Periodontal Res 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Departments of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.

Objectives: We hypothesized that short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by oral pathogens is suppressed by exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE).

Background: Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for plaque-induced periodontal diseases. Despite increased disease susceptibility, overt oral inflammation is suppressed in smokers, presenting a diagnostic conundrum. Read More

Addiction 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.

Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019 Apr 8;101:78-84. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:

Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly associated with comorbidities, especially substance use disorders. In light of this, the present review aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of cannabis use in BD. Studies evaluating the prevalence of cannabis use among patients with BD and studies reporting a dichotomous sample of patients with cannabis use compared to those without the use were included. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an update of treatment for substance use in patients with co-occurring substance use disorders (SUD) and mental health disorders (dual diagnosis) with a focus on both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.

Recent Findings: A total of 1435 abstracts were identified, of which we selectively reviewed 43 for this narrative review. There is emerging evidence, both clinical and neurobiological, that clozapine is a more efficacious antipsychotic in treatment of individuals with schizophrenia and SUD. Read More

Addict Biol 2019 Apr 10:e12757. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Nicotine is recognized as one of the most addictive drugs, which in part could be attributed to progressive neuroadaptations and rewiring of dorsal striatal circuits. Since motor-skill learning produces neuroplasticity in the same circuits, we postulate that rotarod training could be sufficient to block nicotine-induced rewiring and thereby prevent long-lasting impairments of neuronal functioning. To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were subjected to 15 days of treatment with either nicotine (0. Read More

Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a 17 amino acid peptide that was deorphanized in 1995 and has been widely studied since. The role of the N/OFQ system in drug abuse has attracted researchers' attention since its initial discovery. The first two scientific papers describing the effect of intracranial injection of N/OFQ appeared 20 years ago and reported efficacy of the peptide in attenuating alcohol intake, whereas heroin self-administration was insensitive. Read More

Addict Biol 2019 Apr 9:e12751. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Numerous studies have explored the morphological differences of the brain between subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and control subjects, but very few have investigated the impact of the duration of alcohol use disorder (DAD) and current level of alcohol consumption (CAC) within AUD subjects using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared the morphological MRI of 44 controls and 66 AUD subjects, recruited at the end of a detoxification program. Additional analyses within the AUD group determined which specific alterations were respectively associated with DAD and CAC using: (1) Bonferroni-corrected multivariable linear regressions to explore the DAD/CAC impact on brain volumes and (2) a general linear model (GLM module of FreeSurfer's Qdec) and Monte Carlo simulation to correct for multiple comparisons (P < 0. Read More

Psychol Addict Behav 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

UTHealth School of Public Health.

Sexual minority (SM) young adults, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), have well documented smoking disparities compared to heterosexual young adults. However, no studies have simultaneously tested the role of three risk factors (depressive symptoms, recalling tobacco marketing in bars, and cigarette-related social norms) to explain SM tobacco use disparities. Longitudinal structural equation modeling was used to explore if the association between SM identity and past 30-day cigarette smoking one year later was mediated by these three risk factors. Read More

Headache 2019 Apr 7;59(4):576-589. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie, INSERM UMR 1043, Université de Toulouse III, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

Objective: To describe a case series of 7 patients presenting cluster headache (CH) criteria and a substance use disorder, reported to a French Addictovigilance center. Then, to assess clinical, pharmacological, and neurobiological linkages between substance use and CH onset.

Background: CH patients are presenting a higher prevalence of comorbidities, among which the use of psychoactive substances, licit or illicit, have been explored by a few authors. Read More

Cureus 2019 Jan 28;11(1):e3971. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Internal Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune City, USA.

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is most commonly caused by smoking tobacco or cigarettes. However, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the only genetic disorder known to cause COPD and these patients often present with emphysema earlier in life and with more severe disease. Additionally, AATD patients are often misdiagnosed with other lung disorders, and the diagnosis is often delayed for up to a decade. Read More

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019 Apr 4;181:9-16. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA. Electronic address:

Learning processes associated with nicotine influence the development of addiction to tobacco products. In the present report, we are interested in the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine acquiring control over appetitive behaviors - specifically, reward seeking. Also of interest is the current smoking cessation drug, varenicline (Chantix®). Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Apr 4;9(4):e026306. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.

Objective: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) which utilise prefilled pods (pod devices) entered the US market in 2015. One brand, JUUL, captured more than half the e-cigarette market in early 2018, and the US Food and Drug Administration recently warned its manufacturer about adolescent uptake. This is the first qualitative study to describe distinct features of pod devices that appear to contribute to their popularity among young people. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2019 Apr;16(4 Pt B):596-600

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard. Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States across all races and ethnicities, but it does not affect everyone equally. Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, experience two to four times greater lung cancer mortality in part due to high rates of smoking, delays in cancer diagnosis, and inequities in cancer treatment. Additionally, adults with SMI experience patient, clinician, and health care system-level barriers to accessing cancer screening, such as cognitive deficits that impact understanding of cancer risk, higher rates of poverty and social isolation, patient-provider communication challenges, decreased access to tobacco cessation, and the fragmentation of primary care and mental health care. Read More

Psychiatr Danub 2019 Mar;31(Suppl 1):39-43

University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Clinic of Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Department of Allergic and Inflamatory Lung Diseases, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Tobacco consumption is one of the most common preventable cause of premature deaths worldwide. Persisting effects of exposure to tobacco smoke on children and adolescents are apparent during pregnancy and in early infancy, passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in home and elsewhere, and active smoking during adolescence. While, lung development in these stages of growth is not complete, tobacco smoke puts children and adolescents in danger of severe respiratory diseases and may interfere with the growth of their lungs. Read More

J Am Coll Health 2019 Apr 4:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

b Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, remission, and treatment associated with DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) among young adults based on college attendance.

Participants: The population-based sample included 2,057 young adults aged 19-23 in college/school and 1,213 not currently attending college/school who participated from April 2012 through June 2013.

Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted as part of a cross-sectional national survey. Read More

AIDS 2019 May;33(6):1083-1088

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.

Objective: HIV-infected smokers lose more life years to tobacco use than to HIV infection. The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of CYP2A6, represents individual variation in the rate at which nicotine is metabolized and is associated with response to smoking cessation treatments. We evaluated whether HIV-infected smokers metabolize nicotine faster than HIV-uninfected smokers, which may contribute to the disproportionate smoking burden and may have important treatment implications. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Apr 3;19(1):375. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr. CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of tobacco use but little is known whether SES affects nicotine exposure and the degree of nicotine dependence.

Methods: The Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study is a cross-sectional study of smoke exposure and nicotine dependence among adults conducted in central Pennsylvania between June 2012 and April 2014. The study included several measures of SES, including assessments of education and household income, as well as occupation, home ownership, health insurance, household density and savings accounts. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 19;10:124. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Although smokers with severe mental illnesses (SSMI) make quit attempts at comparable levels to other smokers, fewer are successful in achieving smoking cessation. Specialized smoking cessation treatments targeting their needs can be effective but have not been widely disseminated. Telephone delivered interventions, including by quitlines, show promise. Read More

J Dual Diagn 2019 Apr 3:1-12. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

a Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA.

Objective: Although tobacco use is prevalent among adults experiencing homelessness, research deficits exist regarding the mental health, substance use, and demographic correlates of tobacco use behaviors in this population. This study examined whether correlates of tobacco use among housed adults identified by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) were significant correlates of tobacco use and cessation attempts among a sample of homeless adults.

Methods: Participants (N = 421) were adults experiencing homelessness entering permanent supportive housing programs in Los Angeles. Read More

J Addict Med 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (SBS); Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (DB, JTS, LFM); Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO (EKB, AHL, YL); Center for Dependency, Addiction and Recovery, UCHealth, Aurora, CO (LFM); University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO (AHL); Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO (AMV); Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO (AMV, KAJ).

Objectives: Marijuana's evolving legality may change marijuana use patterns in adults. Co-use of marijuana and tobacco are strongly associated, and populations with mental health disorders are disproportionately likely to use either substance, but neither association has been assessed in the context of legal recreational marijuana. We assessed the associations of tobacco smoking with marijuana use and with mental health disorders in Colorado in 2015. Read More

Neurobiol Stress 2019 Feb 1;10:100148. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Yale Stress Center, Yale School of Medicine, 2 Church St South Suite 209, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.

A number of studies have assessed the effects of psychoactive drugs on stress biology, the neuroadaptations resulting from chronic drug use on stress biology, and their effects on addiction risk and relapse. This review mainly covers human research on the acute effects of different drugs of abuse (i.e. Read More

Shoulder Elbow 2019 Apr 8;11(2):116-120. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

University of Washington, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Background: For patients undergoing total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), the present study aimed to investigate: (i) what risk factors are associated with periprosthetic elbow infection; (ii) what is the incidence of infection after TEA; and (iii) what is the acuity with which these infections present?

Methods: The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was used to identify all patients who underwent TEA between 2003 and 2012 in New York State. Admissions for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) were identified using ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification) diagnosis code 996.66. Read More

Nutrients 2019 Mar 27;11(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Network - Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.

The concept of food addiction has generated much controversy. In comparison to research examining the construct of food addiction and its validity, relatively little research has examined the broader implications of food addiction. The purpose of the current scoping review was to examine the potential ethical, stigma, and health policy implications of food addiction. Read More

J Oral Biosci 2019 Mar 21;61(1):5-11. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Acetylcholine (ACh) plays key roles in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the brain by acting muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). The insular cortex is an important brain region associated with sensory perception, self-awareness, cognitive function, motor control, and drug addiction. The insular cortex receives cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain, the activation of which stimulates mAChRs and nAChRs in the insular cortex and modulates its microcircuits to perform various functions. Read More

Addiction 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, VA Center for Clinical Management and Research, Ann Arbor, MI.

Background And Aims: Cost-effectiveness studies in randomized clinical trials have shown that tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy is among the most cost-effective of health care interventions. Clinical trial eligibility criteria and treatment protocols may not be followed in actual practice. This study aimed to determine whether tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy is cost-effective in real-world settings. Read More

Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2019 Apr 30;24(2):95-104. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Children's Hospital at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, DHMC Pediatrics, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA. Electronic address:

With rare exception, breastfeeding is the optimal way to feed infants, and has special benefits for women and infants with perinatal opioid exposure. Infants breastfed and/or fed their mother's own breastmilk experience less severe opioid withdrawal symptoms, have shorter hospital stays, and are less likely to be treated with medication for withdrawal. The specific impact of mothers' milk feeding on opioid withdrawal may be related to the act of breastfeeding and associated skin-to-skin contact, qualities of breastmilk, healthier microbiome, small amounts of opioid drug in breastmilk, or a combination of these. Read More

Ann Agric Environ Med 2019 Mar 26;26(1):8-12. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Łódź, Poland.

Introduction: Physical activity is one of the basic needs of people throughout their lives. Physical activity prevents many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, which have the highest mortality rate, both among urban and rural populations in Poland. The average life expectancy in Poland and the European Union is increasing. Read More

Tanaffos 2018 Mar;17(3):146-154

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Asthma is considered as a complex disorder in which genetics and environment play crucial role in its susceptibility. In addition to the huge financial costs that significantly reduce the quality of life of the patients and their families, it causes high prevalence of lung diseases. Finding contributing new genetic factors involved in early diagnosis or progression of asthma can provide novel approaches for treatment or managing of asthma. Read More

J Am Coll Health 2019 Mar 26:1-5. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

e Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA.

Objective: Examine Juul use patterns, sociodemographic and personal factors associated with Juul use, and reasons for Juul initiation and current use, among college students.

Participants: Convenience sample of 371 undergraduates at a large university in the southeast; recruited April 2018.

Methods: Cross-sectional design using an online survey. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019 Mar 26;20(3):903-909. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Email:

Background: Smoking is now prohibited in all educational institutions and other public places in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), but shisha smoking is considered as one of the major problems among the students population. This study aimed to identify the (a) prevalence of ever shisha, current shisha and shisha dependency smokers among university students in the University of Sharjah (UOS), (b) knowledge and belief differences among ever shisha, current shisha as well as shisha dependency smoking students, (c) relationship between precipitating factors and shisha dependency and (d) precipitating factors (stimulation, handling, pleasure, tension reduction, addiction (dependency), automatism (habit) and social interaction, parents smoking behavior, knowledge and beliefs about smoking predict shisha dependency among students in UOS. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 633 students participated from UOS, UAE. Read More

Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

School of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.

Background And Rationale: Polydrug use is a widespread phenomenon, especially among adolescents and young adults. Synthetic cathinones are frequently consumed in combination with other drugs of abuse. However, there is very little information regarding the consequences of this specific consumption pattern. Read More

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Purpose: Sexual minorities are at heightened risk for substance use disorders (SUDs). Discrimination based on sexual orientation may be an important factor in this increased risk, but differences across age have not been systematically examined. We examined age-varying associations of sexual orientation discrimination with alcohol use disorder (AUD), tobacco use disorder (TUD), and drug use disorder (DUD). Read More

J Gen Physiol 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Q-State Biosciences, Cambridge, MA.

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Mar 21;20(6). Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults leading to severe disability. Besides genetic traits, environmental factors contribute to MS pathogenesis. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of MS in an HLA-dependent fashion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Read More

Anesth Analg 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Persistent postoperative opioid use is thought to contribute to the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States. However, efforts to study and address the issue have been stymied by the lack of a standard definition, which has also hampered efforts to measure the incidence of and risk factors for persistent postoperative opioid use. The objective of this systematic review is to (1) determine a clinically relevant definition of persistent postoperative opioid use, and (2) characterize its incidence and risk factors for several common surgeries. Read More

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health.

Developing briefer behavioral economic measures is an important priority to ensure that these measures can be used in a variety of different contexts and to reduce participant burden. We developed and sought to validate a Brief Assessment of Cigarette Demand (BACD). A 17-item Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT) and a 3-item BACD were completed concurrently in 2 community samples of smokers (Study 1, adult smokers [n = 80] with substance use disorders; Study 2, adolescent smokers [n = 81]). Read More