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Nicotine Tob Res 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University.

Introduction: Australian workers' daily tobacco smoking over time was examined by industry, and occupation, to identify factors associated with high/low prevalence.

Methods: Secondary analyses of 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Surveys were undertaken (pooled n=49,395). Frequency analyses informed subsequent modelling of select industries and occupations. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), or acne inversa, is a painful and recurrent inflammatory cutaneous disorder involving the terminal hair follicles of intertriginous and gluteal areas. Epidemiological studies have revealed geographic differences regarding the demographic and clinical characteristics of HS. The gender distribution of HS patients is diverse among different countries. Read More

J Addict Med 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Academy for Sport and Physical Activity, Health and Wellbeing Department, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK (GJ), Lifestyle Exercise and Nutrition Improvement (LENI) Research Group, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK (GJ, EM, MK), Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK and SPECTRUM Research Consortium, UK (LSB).

Objectives: There is a lack of evidence exploring experiences of using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. The study's main aim was to explore participant experiences of e-cigarettes compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) delivered through stop smoking services.

Methods: Semi-structured, face-to-face, and telephone interviews at 3-month post-quit follow-up in a randomized controlled trial comparing nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, nicotine-free e-cigarettes, and NRT for smoking cessation. Read More

Nicotine Tob Res 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Introduction: Sexual minorities are at increased risk for tobacco use; however, there is heterogeneity in this risk by sociodemographic factors. This study sought to understand if vulnerability to tobacco use among U.S. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2021 Jun 1;140:267-281. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Electronic address:

The utility of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-based products (CBPs) as a pharmacological aid to treat psychiatric disorders in adulthood is still poorly understood despite a number of comprehensive general reviews discussing the topic. With a focus on randomized controlled trial (RCT) data, this review and meta-analysis aimed to aggregate and evaluate all current high-quality (Level-1) research that specifically assessed the effectiveness of a CBP on a diagnosed adult psychiatric disorder. The following databases, from their inception to September 2020, were included in the search: Academic Search Premier, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE®, Web of Science™, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, CINAHL (Nursing and Allied Health), and Scopus. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 May 29;225:108796. Epub 2021 May 29.

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Lev Hasharon Medical Center, Netanya, Israel.

Background: In recent decades, the US religious landscape has undergone considerable change such as a decline in religious service attendance. These changes may indicate that religious social support structures have deteriorated, possibly leading to a decrease in strengths of associations with substance use. Considering this, and given limitations of past studies (e. Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 May 21;130:108489. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Background: Smoking prevalence in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) is over 80%. Research suggests that opioid use significantly increases smoking, which could account for the strikingly low smoking-cessation rates observed in both methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained patients, even with the use of first-line smoking-cessation interventions. If opioids present a barrier to smoking-cessation, then better smoking outcomes should be observed in OUD patients treated with extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX, an opioid antagonist) compared to those receiving buprenorphine (BUP-NX, a partial opioid agonist). Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 Apr 14;130:108409. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Nicotine Dependence Services, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 175 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 1P7, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 60 White Squirrel Way, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: The effectiveness of care for substance-related problems varies across providers. Best-known treatments are rarely universally applied, and various process differences can affect participant outcomes. Measuring and understanding this variability can suggest changes that will improve system performance. Read More

J Dermatol Sci 2021 May 2. Epub 2021 May 2.

Department of Dermatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide, most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper appreciation of the active role that the skin barrier plays in the initiation and maintenance of skin inflammation. Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 Jul 20;126:108398. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Yale University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine 464 Congress Avenue, Suite 260, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA.

Practitioner adherence to the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI) for high-risk alcohol consumption and opioid use disorder can be measured using the BNI Adherence Scale, for alcohol (BAS-A) and opioids (BAS-O), respectively. However, no psychometrically validated brief intervention adherence scale for smoking cessation has been reported in the literature. Our objective was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a BAS for smoking cessation (BASS). Read More

Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021 Jun 8:173210. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Science, 621 Park Ave, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.

Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, as more than 80% of former drug users relapse within a year after quit attempts have ended. This review examines incubated craving that develops over long periods of weeks to months after addictive drug use ends, when rats are given a small priming exposure to the formerly used drug, and a large amount of drug seeking occurs, reflecting large increases in craving over time. Expanded craving occurs when not only the recently-used drug, but other related or unrelated drugs of abuse elicit drug seeking that leads to relapse behavior, including common drugs like caffeine or nicotine, Thus, expanded craving is an increase in the conditions that elicit relapse, such as, a variety of drugs, and it persists weeks after drug use ends. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences Magee-Womens Research Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Objective: Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality due to respiratory infections like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. Those with substance use disorders (SUD) may be especially vulnerable due to high rates of smoked tobacco, cannabis and methamphetamine use which adversely affect pulmonary function. However, little is known about differential effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women with and without SUD. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 25;12:686845. Epub 2021 May 25.

National Institute on Drug Abuse, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Persistent traces of drug reward memories contribute to intense craving and often trigger relapse. A number of pharmacological interventions on drug-associated memories have shown significant benefits in relapse prevention at a preclinical level but their translational potential is limited due to deleterious side effects. Propranolol, a non-specific β-adrenergic receptors antagonist, is known for its ability to erase maladaptive memories associated with nicotine or cocaine in rodents and humans. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021 4;17:1801-1810. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Patients with mental disorders have high rates of co-existing alcohol use disorder and vice versa. Alcohol use disorder has emerged as a major challenge to intervene patients with severe mental disorders. It is under-recognized and has not been investigated well in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Read More

Biol Sex Differ 2021 Jun 10;12(1):41. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Background: Women attempt to quit smoking less often than men and are less likely to maintain abstinence. Reproductive hormones have been postulated as a reason for this sex difference, though this remains to be clarified. Research suggests that estradiol and progesterone may influence nicotine addiction, though various methodologies have led to inconsistent findings. Read More

BMC Psychiatry 2021 Jun 10;21(1):302. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Smartphone addiction, as with other behavioral addictions, is associated with social, physical, and mental health issues. In this article, we investigated the prevalence of smartphone addiction among postgraduate students and evaluated its correlation with social demographics, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and nicotine dependence.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smartphone addiction among Middle Eastern postgraduate students, determine the factors associated with smartphone addiction, and estimate the incidence rate of major depressive disorder (MDD), ADHD, insomnia, and nicotine addiction among postgraduate students with smartphone addiction. Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 Jun 1;132:108496. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: Despite disproportionately high rates of smoking among people in residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, few receive tobacco cessation services. Little is known about how smoking among treatment staff may impact this disparity. We explored the relationship between staff tobacco use and client tobacco use. Read More

Addict Behav 2021 Oct 3;121:107003. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA) Oviedo, Spain.

Aim: To provide a population-based characterization of sociodemographic and clinical risk and protective factors associated with consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or both as a coping strategy in a sample of the Spanish general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Cross-sectional study based on an online snowball recruiting questionnaire. The survey consisted of an ad hoc questionnaire comprising clinical and sociodemographic information and the Spanish versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES). Read More

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Preventive Medicine.

Anhedonia-diminished interest and pleasure in response to rewards-may be a symptom of tobacco withdrawal that is understudied in priority populations. This experiment investigated the magnitude and correlates of various dimensions of anhedonia during tobacco withdrawal among African-American (AA) smokers-a population subject to health disparities. AA smokers ( = 607; ≥ 10 cigarettes/day, 37. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2021 Jun 2;140:110-116. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder, with a prevalence of about 64.4% during episodes and 57.1% in euthymia. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2021 06 1;4(6):e2113031. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

Importance: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers programs that reduce barriers to care for veterans and those with housing instability, poverty, and substance use disorder. In this setting, however, the role that social and behavioral risk factors play in COVID-19 outcomes is unclear.

Objective: To examine whether social and behavioral risk factors were associated with mortality among US veterans with COVID-19 and whether this association might be modified by race/ethnicity. Read More

Addiction 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos.

Background And Aims: For e-cigarettes to be a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes, it is likely that they must be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence, important aspects of reinforcement. This study aimed to understand short-term changes in measures of nicotine dependence between groups differing by use trajectory in a switching trial, and within group changes of these measures.

Design: Secondary data analysis of one arm of an e-cigarette randomized clinical trial. Read More

Tob Control 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: The e-cigarette market has rapidly evolved, with a shift towards higher nicotine concentration and salt-based products, such as ; however, the implications for youth vaping remain unclear.

Methods: Repeat cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019, with national samples of youth aged 16-19 years recruited from commercial panels in Canada (n=12 018), England (n=11 362) and the USA (n=12 110). Regression models examined differences between countries and over time in the types of e-cigarette products used (design and nicotine content), reasons for using brands and differences in patterns of use, sociodemographics and dependence symptoms by brand/nicotine content. Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 Apr 29;131:108438. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, 325 9th Avenue, Box 359780, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Persons with substance use disorders face major barriers to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment. Co-location of addiction and HCV treatment is appealing, yet there are limited data on outcomes using this model. This study evaluated HCV outcomes of patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) by primary care providers in two sites of co-located addiction/HCV care. Read More

J Subst Abuse Treat 2021 May 21;132:108487. Epub 2021 May 21.

Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, United States of America. Electronic address:

Importance: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use problems may cause significant burden on affected adolescents and their families, yet treatment providers often do not identify these problems early enough.

Objective: To develop, and internally and externally validate a multivariable prediction model of adolescent AOD problems using child- and maternal-level predictors before age 12, and child-level predictors between ages 12 to 18, as recorded in the electronic health records (EHR).

Design: A retrospective cohort study conducted time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazards models. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2021 Jun 4:108632. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Biosanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Cardiovascular side effects of varenicline and a case report of a hypertensive crisis in a varenicline-prescribed patient with pheochromocytoma have been reported. The goal of the present study was to determine whether such side effects might derive, in part, from increased exocytosis of secretory vesicles and subsequent catecholamine release triggered by varenicline in human chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland. In this study, we performed electrophysiological plasma membrane capacitance and carbon fiber amperometry experiments to evaluate the effect of varenicline on exocytosis and catecholamine release, respectively, at concentrations reached during varenicline therapy (100 nM). Read More

J Med Internet Res 2021 Jun 7;23(6):e25579. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Background: Cultural trends in the United States, the nicotine consumer marketplace, and tobacco policies are changing.

Objective: The goal of this study was to identify and describe nicotine-related topics of conversation authored by the public and social bots on Twitter, including any misinformation or misconceptions that health education campaigns could potentially correct.

Methods: Twitter posts containing the term "nicotine" were obtained from September 30, 2018 to October 1, 2019. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Jul;41(Suppl 1):S64-S69

Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children's Hospital.

Introduction: Adolescents undergoing pediatric orthopaedic surgery typically experience an uncomplicated postoperative course. However, adolescence represents a unique transition period from pediatric to adult physiology. As a result, the astute pediatric orthopaedic surgeon will be aware of unique medical and social scenarios which are relevant to adolescents during the perioperative course including the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), prevalence of mental health conditions, and rising use of electronic cigarettes or "vaping" to consume nicotine and cannibas. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2021 20;12:676256. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

In Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada, the wildfire of May 2016 forced the population of 88,000 to rapidly evacuate in a traumatic and chaotic manner. Ten percentage of the homes in the city were destroyed, and many more structures were damaged. Since youth are particularly vulnerable to negative effects of natural disasters, we examined possible long-term psychological impacts. Read More

Pharmacol Rep 2021 Jun 6. Epub 2021 Jun 6.

Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic brain condition, with compulsive and uncontrollable drug-seeking that leads to long-lasting and harmful consequences. The factors contributing to the development of SUD, as well as its treatment settings, are not fully understood. Alterations in brain glutamate homeostasis in humans and animals implicate a key role of this neurotransmitter in SUD, while the modulation of glutamate transporters has been pointed as a new strategy to diminish the excitatory glutamatergic transmission observed after drugs of abuse. Read More