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Neuropsychiatry (London) 2018 ;8(1):344-359

Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.

Glaucoma is one of the most frequent causes of visual impairment worldwide and involves selective damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) resulting in degeneration of neural pathways connecting retina to visual cortex. It is of interest that similarities in pathological changes have been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of progressive memory loss and dementia in older people. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) and hyperphosphorylated tau is thought to contribute to apoptotic neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease, and similar changes have been linked to apoptotic RGC death in glaucoma. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2018 ;8(4):1249-1262

Laboratory and Clinical research Institute for Pain, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Fatigue, the most common side effect of cancer treatments, is observed to intensify during external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT). The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the differentially expressed genes/proteins and their association with fatigue intensification during EBRT. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Dec;3(6):621-633

Centre for Addiction & Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Demographic trends globally point in the direction of increasing numbers of older people with serious and chronic mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD). While there has been growing sophistication and understanding in treatments for BD generally, data specific to older people with BD are limited. Recent reviews, secondary analyses and some new research confirm complexity and aging-related issues relevant to later-life BD. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2014 Feb;4(1):33-54

Electroconvulsive Therapy Service & the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, & the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is utilized worldwide for various severe and treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders. Research studies have shown that ECT is the most effective and rapid treatment available for elderly patients with depression, bipolar disorder and psychosis. For patients who suffer from intractable catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, ECT can be life saving. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Oct;3(5):455-458

Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Apr;3(2)

Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL 33620-7200, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

Aim & Methods: Clinical characteristics were examined in 108 high-functioning youth (children with a full IQ scale of at least 70) with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD; aged 7-15 years) who were presenting for inclusion in one of four clinical trials examining the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy in youth with ASD and anxiety.

Results: We present baseline characteristics of this cohort, including prevalence rates of anxiety and comorbid disorders, and correlates of anxiety (e.g. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Apr;3(2):159-168

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA ; The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.

Given the prevalence and societal impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is an urgent need to develop innovative treatments that will improve core social deficits, for which there is currently no reliable pharmacological treatment, prevention or cure. Development of novel biological interventions will depend upon the successful translation of basic neuroscience research into safe and effective medicines. This article outlines steps to bring neuroscience research from 'the bench' to treatment at 'bedside', from phenotyping the disorder to animal models to patient treatment. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Apr;3(2):169-180

Emory University.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are chronic conditions of early childhood onset characterized by profound deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and repetitive behavior. The prevalence of ASD is now estimated to be 1 in 88 children. As the number of identified cases of ASD has grown, so have the challenges of serving these children and their families. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Oct;2(5):379-383

Department of Mental Health, AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF), 6255 W Sunset Boulevard, 21st Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90028, USA.

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Apr;2(2):135-145

University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

This article reviews the potential utility of behavioral interventions in personalized depression treatment. The paper begins with a definition of personalized treatment, moves to current thinking regarding the various causes of depression, and proposes how those causes can be used to inform the selection of behavioral interventions. Two examples from the late-life depression field will illustrate how a team of researchers at Cornell University (NY, USA) and University of California, San Francisco (CA, USA) created a research partnership to select and study behavioral interventions for older adults with risk factors associated with poor response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Dec;2(6):509-519

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.

Cyclothymic disorder is a chronic and impairing subtype of bipolar disorder, largely neglected in pediatric research. Consequently, it is rarely diagnosed clinically despite potentially being the most prevalent form of bipolar disorder. Lack of attention has added to confusion about the diagnosis and clinical presentation of cyclothymic disorder. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Oct;2(5):385-391

Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of ADHD in mothers of children with comorbid ADHD and epilepsy (ADHD+E) and to compare ADHD symptoms in mothers with (Fam(+)) and without (Fam(-)) additional relative(s) with epilepsy. PATIENTS & METHODS: Mothers (n = 16) of children with ADHD+E were assessed by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children ADHD module and the ADHD Rating Scale IV. Information was collected on the presence (Fam(+)) or absence (Fam(-)) of first- or second-degree relatives with epilepsy in the sample. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Feb;3(1):1-3

Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS K22, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2013 Feb;3(1):75-87

Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H Lafontaine, 7331 Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3V2, Canada.

Cognitive neuroscience and clinical psychology have long been considered to be separate disciplines. However, the phenomenon of brain plasticity in the context of a psychological intervention highlights the mechanisms of brain compensation and requires linking both clinical cognition and cognitive psychophysiology. A quantifiable normalization of brain activity seems to be correlated with an improvement of the tic symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS). Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Jan;2(1):29-41

Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

Pregnant women with substance use disorders have multiple special needs, which might be best managed within a multiprofessional treatment setting involving medical, psychological and social care. Adequate treatment provision remains a challenge for healthcare professionals, who should undergo special training and education when working with this patient population. Careful assessment and screening is necessary to tailor interventions individually to the woman's needs in order to achieve beneficial clinical outcomes for mothers and newborns, whereas the choice of treatment options highly depends on the type of substance of abuse and evidence-based treatment interventions available. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Aug;2(4):331-343

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA ; Silver Child Development Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.

Antimicrobial compounds and psychotropic medications often share overlapping mechanisms of actions and pharmacological effects. The immune system appears to be an important site of interaction as several antimicrobials display neurological and, at times, direct psychotropic effects, while psychotropics have shown significant immunomodulatory properties. The isoniazid class of antibiotics for example has been shown to possess monoamine oxidase activity, while selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have shown significant effects on leukocyte populations. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 ;2(4):345-353

Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Room 2P12, The Landmark Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Recent efforts in the prevention of schizophrenia have focused on defining psychosis-risk syndromes and evaluating treatments that can prevent transition to psychosis in these ultra-high risk groups. In this review, different kinds of prevention approaches are enumerated and necessary conditions for a disease-prevention strategy are summarized. The broad overlap as well as the significant difference between a schizophrenia prodrome and a 'psychosis-risk syndrome' is discussed and the present status of approaches to identify individuals at increased risk for developing psychosis and schizophrenia are critically examined along with evaluations on therapeutic interventions to reduce these risks. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Aug;2(4):301-312

Child Psychiatry Service, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, YAW 6A, 553Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

A high prevalence of comorbidity of ADHD and substance-use disorders (SUDs) has been shown in the literature. In this article, the literature for the treatment of adolescents and adults with co-occurring ADHD and SUD is examined. Findings from pharmacotherapy suggest mild improvement in ADHD without demonstrable changes in SUD unless the addiction was stabilized prior to treating the ADHD. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Aug;2(4)

Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA ; Department of Pediactrics, University of South Florida, 880 6th Street South, Suite 460, Box 7523, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.

Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications are efficacious treatment options for the management of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Despite established efficacy, many youths receiving either therapy remain symptomatic after acute treatment. Regardless of the rationale for persistent symptoms, a clear need emerges for treatment options that restore functioning efficiently to symptomatic youths. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2011 Oct;1(5):431-440

Department of Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Institute for Research in Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders remain common in the current era of effective antiretroviral therapy. However, the severity at presentation of these disorders has been reduced, and the typical manifestations have changed. A revision of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) criteria has been made on this basis, and a revision of the analogous criteria by the American Psychiatric Association will be forthcoming in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2012 Apr;2(2):163-174

Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Boulevard, Suite 38-260, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

The present study explored facets of personality in a sample of pathological gamblers with ADHD (n = 52) and without ADHD (n = 43). Participants were assessed for psychopathology and gambling disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems, and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Facets of personality were assessed using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2011 Dec;1(6):567-578

Department of Psychological & Social Foundations, University of South Florida, USA.

Clinically significant anxiety occurs frequently among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and is linked to increased psychosocial, familial, behavioral and academic impairment beyond the core autism symptoms when present. Although efforts are underway to establish empirically supported treatments for anxiety among individuals with ASDs, this remains an emerging research area. This literature review summarizes available information on the efficacy of pharmacological and psychosocial approaches for treating anxiety and repetitive behaviors in children, adolescents and adults with ASDs. Read More

Neuropsychiatry (London) 2011 Apr;1(2):133-147

Departments of Psychiatry, Neurobiology & Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, CMHC, Room S104, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.

Impulse control disorders (ICDs), specifically those related to excessive gambling, eating, sex and shopping, have been observed in a subset of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although some initial case reports claimed that dopamine replacement therapies, particularly dopamine agonists, cause ICDs, more recent, larger and better controlled studies indicate a more complicated picture. While dopamine replacement therapy use is related to ICDs, other vulnerabilities, some related to PD and/or its treatment directly and others seemingly unrelated to PD, have also been associated with ICDs in PD. Read More

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