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J Int Med Res 2022 May;50(5):3000605221096275

Thoracic Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Mullerian cysts are benign tumors that are very rare in the posterior mediastinum. It is necessary to distinguish Mullerian cysts from benign tumors or other types of cyst in the posterior mediastinum. A 42-year-old woman visited our hospital for a routine check-up, and a mediastinal mass was identified on chest computed tomography (CT). Read More

Kyobu Geka 2022 May;75(5):344-347

Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Onomichi General Hospital, Onomichi, Japan.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma developing from a bronchogenic cyst is extremely rare. We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a cystic mass in the posterior mediastinum detected by chest computed tomography( CT) and magnetic resonance imaging. A bronchogenic cyst or neurogenic tumor was suspected. Read More

Zentralbl Chir 2022 Feb 2;147(1):99-120. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Chirurgische Klinik Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland.

If mediastinal tumours cause symptoms these are related to their anatomical localization or a paraneoplastic syndrome. The differential diagnosis is based on the clinical situation with finding the lesion, and, furthermore, taking into account the age and sex of the patient, and the mediastinal compartment where the lesion is located. Cross-sectional radiographic diagnostic is essential for defining the therapeutic strategy. Read More

Mediastinum 2021 25;5:37. Epub 2021 Dec 25.

Thoracic Surgery Section, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The DeWitt Daughtry Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

The most common posterior mediastinal masses are neurogenic tumors such as peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST). Schwannomas, a subtype of PNST, are most often benign, well encapsulated tumors of neural crest cell origin, and are frequently incidentally found, ranging in size from small asymptomatic mediastinal tumors to large masses. Rarely, large schwannomas are discovered when symptoms develop due to compression or involvement of nearby structures leading to an array of possible sequela which can include, but not limited to, persistent cough, hemoptysis, and dysphagia. Read More

Eurasian J Med 2021 Oct;53(3):214-219

Department of Pathology, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the results of patients who underwent surgery by thoracotomy and Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in mediastinal neurogenic tumors.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six consecutive cases (12 males and 14 females; mean age 39.4 ± 22. Read More

Cureus 2021 Dec 22;13(12):e20600. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

General Surgery, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU.

Ganglioneuromas are rare benign neoplasms arising from neural crest tissue. They are a subtype of neurogenic tumors with ganglion cell origin. They are most commonly found in the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum. Read More

Radiologe 2022 Feb 13;62(2):99-108. Epub 2022 Jan 13.

Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Deutschland.

Background: Many pathologies of the mediastinum can be diagnosed using standard radiographs. Correlation of radiographic findings with computed tomography (CT) is instructive for a better understanding and can help improve detection rates of mediastinal lesions.

Objectives: To identify the most common mediastinal lesions and to correlate their features in chest radiographs and CT. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2021 10 23;12(20):2767-2772. Epub 2021 Aug 23.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Background: Paraspinal tumors are rare neoplasms arising from neurogenic elements of the posterior mediastinum and surgical resection can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate feasibility and outcomes from the first European case series of combined laminectomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection of thoracic neurogenic dumbbell tumors.

Methods: A retrospective review of all combined thoracic dumbbell tumor resections performed at our institution between March 2015 to February 2019 was undertaken. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2021 9;2021:3276843. Epub 2021 Aug 9.

Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.

Introduction: Neurogenic tumors in the mediastinum account for approximately 20-30% of all types of mediastinal tumors in adults. This pathology is usually benign and has no or very few symptoms. Schwannoma rarely involves the phrenic nerve. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2021 Jul 21;14(1):278. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Department of Pathology, UMAE Hospital de Oncologia, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc No. 330, Col. Doctores, Delegacion Cuauhtemoc, CP 06725, Mexico City, Mexico.

Objective: Mediastinal schwannomas are sometimes confused with other neoplasms during initial radiological studies, especially when there is a history of cancer in another area. In these cases, a more accurate analysis using computed tomography (CT) or even magnetic resonance (MRI) is required. Our study aimed to perform a retrospective analysis of the clinical and imaging features for a series of patients with mediastinal schwannomas that were confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Read More

Open Med (Wars) 2021 18;16(1):892-898. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.

Mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT) mainly occurs in young women's ovaries and men's testicles and rarely occurs outside the gonad. Fewer than 10 cases of mediastinal MGCT are available in PubMed, Embase, and other databases in English, while mediastinal MGCT with three pathological components, such as yolk sac tumor, immature teratoma, and embryonal carcinoma, has not been reported previously. A 12-year-old male sought medical attention for chest discomfort and underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan. Read More

Radiographics 2021 Jul-Aug;41(4):1186-1207. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

From the Pediatric Radiology Section (D.M.B., E.M.C.) and Thoracic Radiology Section (J.P.L.), American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md; Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (D.M.B., J.B.R., A.K.); Department of Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (J.P.L.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC (A.R.H.); and Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio (E.M.C).

Most pediatric masses in the chest are located in the mediastinum. These masses are often initially detected incidentally on chest radiographs in asymptomatic children, although some patients may present with respiratory symptoms. At chest radiography, the mediastinum has been anatomically divided into anterior, middle, and posterior compartments. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2021 Jun;74(6):472-475

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan.

An 70-year-old woman was reffered to our hospital to examine for a left lower lobe atelectasis on chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed the mass in middle mediastinum. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery( VATS) was performed to establish diagnosis and treat. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2021 Sep;28(5):351-381

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX.

Mesenchymal tumors of the mediastinum are a heterogenous group of rare tumors with divergent lineages. Mediastinal mesenchymal tumors are diagnostically challenging due to their diversity and morphologic overlap with nonmesenchymal lesions arising in the mediastinum. Accurate histologic diagnosis is critical for appropriate patient management and prognostication. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021 (5):25-31

Aleksandrov National Center of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Lesnoy, Belarus.

Objective: To improve postoperative outcomes in patients with mediastinal neurogenic tumors by using of minimally invasive surgical approaches.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis included 108 patients who underwent surgery for mediastinal neurogenic tumors for the period 2001-2019. Short-term outcomes of conventional and minimally invasive (VATS, supraclavicular approach and their combination with laminectomy) surgeries were analyzed. Read More

Respir Med Case Rep 2021 19;33:101396. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia.

Schwannomas are uncommon benign nerve sheath tumors and often arise in the posterior mediastinum and costovertebral angle. However, endobronchial schwannomas are rare. In fact, there are only a few reported cases in the literature. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2021 05;32(5):737-743

Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Objectives: Mediastinal neurogenic tumours are uncommon and often benign neoplasms mostly located in the posterior mediastinum and usually diagnosed incidentally. We reviewed our results after surgical resection. We compared patient characteristics and tumour nature between children and adults. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Feb 16;79:251-254. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Stadtkrankenhaus Delmenhorst, Wildeshauser Str. 92, D-27753 Delmenhorst, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction And Importance: Diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases are challenging because experience and evidence are limited. Primary tracheal tumors have a low prevalence but awareness of these is important to avoid misdiagnoses. We present a first case of a tracheal microcystic reticular schwannoma in which diagnosis and treatment recommendations were revised several times resulting in months of anxious uncertainty for the patient before complete resection and extensive histopathologic examination were performed. Read More

Mediastinum 2020 30;4:32. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

The mediastinum can be the site of origin of a variety of benign and malignant tumors of peripheral nerve sheath origin. Although schwannoma is one of the most common tumors found in the posterior mediastinum, peripheral nerve sheath tumors are reported in all compartments of the mediastinum. The majority of peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the mediastinum as in other anatomic sites occur sporadically, and a subset of them, most notably neurofibromas, and to a lesser extent, schwannomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, occur in patients with syndromes such as neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2021 Feb 20;26(2):284-295. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Esophageal schwannoma (ES) are rare and mostly benign neurogenic tumors. The clinical misdiagnosis rate of it is high. In this study, the clinicopathologic features of ES in mainland China were studied to better understand the disease and improve the diagnosis and treatment rate. Read More

In Vivo 2020 Nov-Dec;34(6):3527-3532

"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Background/aim: Thoracic neurogenic tumors are most frequently located in the posterior part of the mediastinum or on the chest wall, along the intercostal nerves. Schwannomas are very well tolerated for a long period, until the tumor reaches a large size and compression of the neighbouring mediastinal organs, chest wall or spine appears. The purpose of this article was to present a case of a giant right forth intercostal nerve Schwannoma, completely resected by a right antero-lateral thoracotomy. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Sep;99(38):e21765

Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Introduction: Neurogenic tumors are the most frequent neoplasms of the lower posterior mediastinum. Traditionally, lower posterior mediastinal tumors are excised by video-assisted thoracic surgery. However, the available robotic treatment for the lower posterior mediastinum tumors to date are rare. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2021 01 11;22(1):139-154. Epub 2020 Aug 11.

Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a crucial tool for evaluating mediastinal masses considering that several lesions that appear indeterminate on computed tomography and radiography can be differentiated on MRI. Using a three-compartment model to localize the mass and employing a basic knowledge of MRI, radiologists can easily diagnose mediastinal masses. Here, we review the use of MRI in evaluating mediastinal masses and present the images of various mediastinal masses categorized using the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group's three-compartment classification system. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2021 Jan 18;39(1):15-31. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.

Lesions in the middle and posterior mediastinum are relatively rare, but there are some useful radiological clues that can be used to diagnose them precisely. It is useful to determine the affected mediastinal compartment and the locations of the main thoracic nerves on medical images for diagnosing such mediastinal lesions. Neurogenic tumors can occur in the middle mediastinum, although they generally arise as posterior mediastinal tumors. Read More

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Dec 11;69(8):749-755. Epub 2020 Jul 11.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Background:  Intrathoracic neurogenic tumors (INTs) are uncommon neoplasms arising from nerve tissues. We report our single-center experience in treating these rare INTs.

Methods:  Using a prospective institutional database, clinical, surgical, and pathological records of patients receiving resection of INT between May 1998 and June 2018 were analyzed. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2020 Jul 16;37(4):187-198. Epub 2020 May 16.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, MS 117, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. Electronic address:

The mediastinum is a complex anatomic region that can pose many diagnostic challenges on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB). With the recent technological advancements in EBUS-TBNA and EUS-guided procedures, FNA/CNB is being increasingly utilized to obtain the initial and, in many cases, the only diagnosis. As a result, it is imperative to have an understanding of the pearls and pitfalls associated with both the more common and rarer malignancies that occur at this site. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2020 Jul 21;37(4):179-186. Epub 2020 May 21.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Neurogenic tumors represent a broad ill-defined category of neoplasms that includes tumors of Schwann cell and/or neuroblastic derivation, as well as neoplasms that typically develop in the central nervous system, but rarely present in ectopic sites including the mediastinum. Neurogenic tumors may occur at many different anatomic sites, but the mediastinum represents a uniquely challenging site given the complex anatomy. Additionally, some of these neoplasms may present with multicentric involvement in the context of genetic syndromes, including NF1, NF2 and schwanomatosis. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2020 Aug 12;48(8):769-772. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Ganglioneuromas are rare benign tumors that arise from the sympathetic nerve fibers and represent the final maturation stage of neuroblast tumors. The most common sites of involvement in the body include posterior mediastinum, followed by retroperitoneum, adrenal gland, and soft tissues of the head and neck. In the mediastinum, this tumor is most frequently located in posterior compartment, together with other neurogenic tumors. Read More

BMC Surg 2020 Mar 5;20(1):45. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is useful for surgery in the apical region of the chest cavity, as it narrows towards the head. Here, we describe a nonfunctional, rib-invasive paraganglioma arising in the posterior mediastinum that was successfully removed using RATS combined with chest wall resection.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old woman presented with a posterior mediastinal mass on chest computed tomography (CT) scan during a medical check-up 2 years prior. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jan 22;12(1):e6738. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Internal Medicine, Clinica Medellin Occidente, Medellin, COL.

A hibernoma is an uncommon benign soft tissue tumor composed of brown adipose cells; the mediastinal location as presentation is scarce, with only six cases previously reported. The diagnosis of hibernoma is challenging and must be made based on the clinical, radiographic, and cytologic features. Here we present a 33-year-old woman without any relevant medical history presented for outpatient evaluation of a dry cough persisting for three months, and the X-rays revealed a dense well-defined mass with smooth borders in the left upper posterior mediastinum. Read More