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J Clin Imaging Sci 2018 15;8:43. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current imaging tool of choice in the investigation of patients with seizures. The advent of high-resolution MRI with a dedicated seizure protocol has significantly increased the chances of identifying a cause, resulting in a positive clinical impact on the management of these patients.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of standard MRI, identify whether there is an increase in the diagnostic yield with the addition of dedicated seizure protocol, and compare the diagnostic yields of MRI and electroencephalogram (EEG) individually and in combination. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2018 Dec 13;11(1):890. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the extent and health burden of neurocysticercosis in the general community of the Mbulu district, northern Tanzania. About 1051 randomly select participants were screened for human cysticercosis. The Cysticercus Western Blot IgG and Computed Tomography scan were used to detect infection by cysticerci. Read More

Heliyon 2018 Dec 1;4(12):e00991. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.

The role of immunologic tests in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NC) is controversial and few studies have made comparisons among them. The objective of this study was to compare immunological tests in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the diagnosis of NC. We conducted a case-control study in Cuenca, Ecuador, enrolling patients with NC (N = 24) and matching them with other neurosurgical patients (N = 18). Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):300-303

Department of Pediatrics, Pt B D Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) produces a progressive organic brain damage by altering brain function with alterations in memory, difficulties in learning, and behavioral changes. The present study was designed to compare the cognitive and behavioral profile of school-going children aged 6-14 years with newly diagnosed NCC with their age-matched controls.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 6-14 years with newly (<7 days) diagnosed NCC. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):263-269

Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.

Objectives: Many community-based and hospital-based studies across the world have yielded contradictory results regarding association of positive serology and epilepsy. The present study was planned to analyze disease burden of epilepsy in rural community of North India and its association with exposure to in this part of the world.

Methods: A door-to-door screening survey was carried out in the rural community using a validated questionnaire for epilepsy by trained field workers, which was finally confirmed by trained neurologists. Read More

Acta Trop 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.

Human and porcine cysticercosis is endemic in West Africa, where epilepsy is relatively common, but rarely reported due to fear of stigmatization. Neurocysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium, tends to affect the poor in developing countries and control is hampered by inadequate infrastructure and financial resources coupled with lack of adequate information about its significance and distribution. The risk factors for human cysticercosis are closely associated with the characteristics of smallholder or backyard pig farming systems prevalent in this region. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by larvae that reside in the central nervous system, results in serious public health and medical issues in many regions of the world. Current diagnosis of NCC is complex requiring both serology and costly neuroimaging of parasitic cysts in the brain. This diagnostic pipeline can be problematic in resource-constrained settings. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 16;9:2652. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Unidad de Neuroinflamación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/ Facultad de Medicina UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Neurol India 2018 Nov-Dec;66(6):1667-1671

Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic brain lesions, on the basis of DTI parameters, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from the lesion (L) and the perilesional edema (PE).

Material And Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed 25 neoplastic [10 high grade gliomas (HGG), 11 metastases, 4 low grade glioma (LGG)] and 25 non-neoplastic [13 tuberculomas and 12 neurocysticercosis (NCC)] brain lesions underwent an MRI, including the DTI sequences. Fractional anisotropy from the lesion (FAL) and mean diffusivity from the lesion (MDL), as well as fractional anisotropy from the perilesional edema (FAPE), and mean diffusivity from the perilesional edema (MDPE) were calculated and quantified using region of interest (ROI) based assessment on DTI derived FA and MD parametric maps. Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

e Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore , MD 21205 , USA.

Introduction: Oxfendazole (methyl [5-(phenylsulphinyl)-1H benzimidazole- 2-yl] carbamate) has a particularly long metabolic half-life in ruminants, and its metabolite fenbendazole also has anthelminthic action. A very limited number of drugs are available for the treatment of some zoonotic helminth infections, such as neurocysticercosis and echinococcosis. More recent work has expanded oxfendazole's non-clinical safety profile and demonstrated its safety and bioavailability in healthy human volunteers, thus advancing the possibility of a new and greatly needed option for antiparasitic treatment of geohelminths and tissue parasites. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018 Nov-Dec;51(6):861-863

Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.

Cysticercosis is caused by the hematogenous dissemination of the larval form (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. It can affect any organ or tissue in the body but commonly affects the subcutaneous tissue, central nervous system, eyes, and skeletal muscle. Skin lesions can assist as a marker in the diagnosis of asymptomatic neurocysticercosis in endemic areas. Read More

Curr Opin Neurol 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/EBSERH.

Purpose Of Review: To address the important relationships between stroke and infection, focusing on the most frequent infections found in low-income and middle-income countries.

Recent Findings: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with a great proportion of the stroke burden occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Infectious diseases are still a great health problem in developing countries and it is possible that the proportion of infection-related strokes is greater in these nations. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2018 Oct 9;42(5):316-317. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Lesions of the central nucleus of the third cranial nerve in midbrain leads to bilateral ptosis. We present a case of a 14 year old boy, who was found to have B/L non-correctable ptosis and medial rectus palsy. There was a ring enhancing lesion in the midbrain in contrast MRI which resolved with treatment. Read More

J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Nov 26. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Neuroinflammation Unit, IIBM-UNAM/INNN/Facultad de Medicina- UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.

Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis is the most severe form of cysticercosis, and response to treatment is suboptimal. We sought to determine how demographic and clinical characteristics and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations were related to cysticidal treatment response. We conducted a longitudinal study of 31 participants with extraparenchymal vesicular parasites who received the same treatment, albendazole 30 mg/kg/day for 10 days with dexamethasone 0. Read More

Seizure 2018 Dec 13;63:93-101. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in an onchocerciasis endemic region of South Sudan.

Methods: In May 2018, a door-to-door household survey was conducted in 8 study sites in an onchocerciasis endemic area in Maridi County.

Results: A total of 2511 households agreed to participate in the study, corresponding to 17,652 individuals. Read More

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2018 Dec 25;79(Suppl 5):S420-S421. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.

The case described in this video involved a 38-year-old man, who presented with a 4-week history of worsening acute-onset headache, nausea, double vision, and vertigo. On examination, he had impaired tandem gait and diplopia on right horizontal gaze. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a hyperdense lesion of the right cerebellopontine angle. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Nov 20;19:1378-1381. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA.

BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis is a Taenia solium infection which utilizes the tapeworm as a vector and humans as a definitive host and causes development of cystic lesions in the central nervous system. The current established medical therapy is albendazole with praziquantel as a secondary agent, but results can be mixed depending on each patient and their form of neurocysticercosis. CASE REPORT We present a case pertaining to a young female patient diagnosed with single parenchymal neurocysticercosis based on clinical and diagnostic findings. Read More

Theor Biol Med Model 2018 11 19;15(1):18. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, CDMX, Mexico.

Background: Taenia solium is the aetiological agent of human taeniasis, pig cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis, which are serious public health problems, especially in developing countries.

Methods: A mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of taeniasis-cysticercosis is formulated. The model consists of a coupled system of differential equations, which are density-dependent equations for describing the flow of the parasite through the life cycle. Read More

Parasitology 2018 Nov 15:1-10. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology,Neuroscience Institute and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town,Anzio Road,Observatory, Cape Town,Western Cape 7935,South Africa.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) occurs following brain infection by larvae of the cestode Taenia solium. It is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide and therefore constitutes a critical health challenge with significant global relevance. Despite this, much is still unknown about many key pathogenic aspects of the disease, including how cerebral infection with T. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 30;9:891. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

There is limited detailed clinical information for patients with epilepsy in Tibet. This study sought to provide data about the clinical features of epilepsy in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to improve strategies for epilepsy prevention and management in this region. We reviewed the clinical record of patients with epilepsy in the Neurology Department, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital and compared the clinical features and compared it with control, from West China Hospital in Chengdu. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Nov 3;2018. Epub 2018 Nov 3.

Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Surg Neurol Int 2018 3;9:201. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic disease of the nervous system in humans and it is caused by the larvae of the pork tapeworm, . We present a case of microsurgical removal of a fourth ventricle NCC cyst combined with an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to treat hydrocephalus.

Case Description: A 36-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with headache and decreased visual acuity over the last 4 months. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018 Nov 1. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Dr. Francisco J. Triana-Alonso' Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Edo. Aragua. Universidad de Carabobo, Venezuela.

Background: Previously we reported the use of a monoclonal antibody-based (HP10) antigen (Ag) detection lateral flow assay (LFA) for the diagnosis of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EP-NCC). The assay performed well when used with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples but not with their paired serum samples, due to false-positive reactions in some known negative control cases.

Methods: Our novel modification involves pretreatment of serum samples using a combination of sodium deoxycholate and dithiothreitol. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Oct 30;2018. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Neuroradiology 2018 Oct 30. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Purpose: Tuberculoma and neurocysticercosis (NCC) are two of the most common intracranial infections in developing countries and cause of seizures or focal neurological deficit. They often present on neuroimaging as ring-enhancing lesions, and in absence of typical imaging features, can cause significant diagnostic dilemma. Differentiation is extremely important to avoid empirical exposure to anti-tubercular treatment or nonspecific treatment causing disease progression. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Oct 30;11(1):569. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Background: Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are food-borne parasites of global importance. In eastern Europe only fragmented information is available on the epidemiology of these zoonotic parasites in humans and animal populations. In particular for T. Read More

Brain Pathol 2018 Oct 28. Epub 2018 Oct 28.

Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic brain disease caused by the larval form (Cysticercus cellulosae) of Taenia solium and is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. However, the pathophysiology and relation to the wide range of clinical features remains poorly understood. Axonal swelling is emerging as an important early pathological finding in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and as a cause of brain injury, but has not been well described in neurocysticercosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Oct 25;2018. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Neurol Clin 2018 Nov 20;36(4):851-864. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Jr Ancash 1271, Lima 1, Peru; Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, SMP, Lima 31, Peru. Electronic address:

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a major contributor to the burden of seizure disorders and epilepsy in most of the world. NCC encompasses a variety of clinical presentations, depending on number, location, size, evolutionary stage of lesions, and the inflammatory response of the host, with late-onset seizures, headache, and intracranial hypertension the most frequent manifestations. Diagnosis and therapy depend on the type of NCC, considering its location and stage of the lesions. Read More

Neurol Clin 2018 Nov;36(4):687-703

Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, NS212A, Campus Box 3206, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address:

Neuroinfectious diseases continue to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide, with many emerging or reemerging infections resulting in neurologic sequelae. Careful clinical evaluation coupled with appropriate laboratory investigations still forms the bedrock for making the correct etiologic diagnosis and implementing appropriate management. The treating physician needs to understand the individual test characteristics of each of the many conventional candidate-based diagnostics: culture, pathogen-specific polymerase chain reaction, antigen, antibody tests, used to diagnose the whole array of neuroinvasive infections. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Oct 23;10(11). Epub 2018 Oct 23.

BeCHANGE Research Group, Institute of Public Communication, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.

Peru is undergoing a nutrition transition and, at the country level, it faces a double burden of disease where several different conditions require dietary changes to maintain a healthy life and prevent complications. Through semistructured interviews in rural Peru with people affected by three infectious and noninfectious chronic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and neurocysticercosis), their relatives, and focus group discussions with community members, we analyzed their perspectives on the value of food and the challenges of dietary changes due to medical diagnosis. The findings show the various ways in which people from rural northern Peru conceptualize good () and bad () food, and that food choices are based on life-long learning, experience, exposure, and availability. Read More

J Neurosci Res 2019 Feb 13;97(2):137-148. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a helminth infection affecting the central nervous system caused by the larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. Since vascular alteration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption contribute to NCC pathology, it is postulated that angiogenesis could contribute to the pathology of this disease. This study used a rat model for NCC and evaluated the expression of two angiogenic factors called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Read More

Euro Surveill 2018 Oct;23(40)

Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

IntroductionNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is one of the leading causes of epilepsy worldwide. The majority of cases in Europe are diagnosed in immigrants. Currently in Italy, routine serological screening for cysticercosis is recommended for internationally adopted children (IAC) coming from endemic countries. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2018 Jul-Sep;13(3):607-613

Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Context: Neuroendoscopic surgeries need specialized equipments, unavailable in neurosurgical departments of majority of public healthcare institutions of India. Aims: Neuroendoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus in the setting of minimal resources using utilization of available resources, inter-departmental co-ordination and indigenous innovations.

Methods: Study was carried out at a public sector institute of India with scarce resources. Read More

Pract Neurol 2018 Oct 3. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Neurocysticercosis Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic neurological disease worldwide, yet in Europe, it remains relatively uncommon, with many practitioners rarely seeing a case. However, immigration and international travel mean that it is becoming increasingly recognised and diagnosed in developed countries. Being a treatable condition, it is essential to be familiar with the diagnosis and to appreciate its mimics and breadth of its possible clinical presentations. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2018 Oct;24(5, Neuroinfectious Disease):1489-1511

Purpose Of Review: This article discusses select helminthic parasitic infections that may affect the central nervous system and reviews the epidemiology, neurologic presentation, recommended diagnostic testing, and treatment approach to these infections.

Recent Findings: Emigration from and travel to areas endemic for helminthic infections that affect the nervous system has led to increased incidence of parasitic neurologic disease in developed countries, necessitating that neurologists be familiar with the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to these diseases. Evidence is emerging on the optimal treatment for neurocysticercosis, which varies based on the form of the disease in the nervous system. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jul 18;10(7):e2996. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Pharmacogenomics, Shenandoah University - Inova Center for Personalized Health Icph) Fairfax Campus/Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Ashburn, USA.

The use of albendazole monotherapy has been favored as the treatment option for neurocysticercosis. This case reports an incidence of neurocysticercosis in a 32-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Neurocysticercosis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and a positive Taenia solium serologic test. Read More

Parasite 2018 18;25:49. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, B.P. 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire - Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.

Cysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the cestode Taenia solium. Few data are available on the prevalence of this disease in pigs and humans in West African countries. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of existing data concerning the spread of this parasitosis in the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on the basis of the literature published over the last five decades. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 Dec 13;117(12):3781-3790. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 373, Brazil.

The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is a zoonosis caused by the presence of the parasite Taenia solium in humans. It is considered a neglected disease that causes serious public health and economic problems in developing countries. In humans, the most common locations for the larval form are the skeletal muscles, ocular system, and the central nervous system, which is the most clinically important. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Sep 14;19:1090-1095. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Department of Surgery, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

BACKGROUND Spinal sparganosis and racemose (grape-like) neurocysticercosis are rare diseases. Co-infection with spinal sparganosis and racemose neurocysticercosis has never been reported in the English-language literature. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old male presented after having experienced left hip pain with radiation to the leg, progressive weakness and numbness of the left leg, and difficulty urinating for 4 years, all of which was caused by spinal sparganosis. Read More

Expert Rev Neurother 2018 Oct 6;18(10):743-747. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

g Division of Neurology Royal University Hospital , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada.

Introduction: Recent guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment for neurocysticercosis (NC) from the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene were developed to be used in the United States and Canada, where only a small fraction of NC cases occur. Areas covered: The paper discusses the strengths and weakness of the proposed guidelines. Expert commentary: Although these new guidelines bring much needed attention to a neglected parasitic disease, some of the recommendations made are based on insufficient and/or inadequate evidence. Read More

Brain Res Bull 2018 Aug 28. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Kinshasa University School of Medicine, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Neurocysticercosis is a public health problem and the leading cause of epilepsy in developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, the authors review the epidemiology of cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, as well as the non-specific clinical manifestations which render clinical diagnosis challenging especially in the sub-Saharan African context. Special attention is given to the association of epilepsy and neurocysticercosis, the former being the most common symptom of the later, and the role of the later in epileptogenesis is discussed. Read More

J Helminthol 2018 Aug 23:1-7. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural,Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad de México,C.P. 04510 A.P. 70-242.

An experimental Taenia crassiceps mouse model was used to assess the role of Taenia solium metacestode factor (Fac) in human neurocysticercosis. Intraperitoneal infection with T. crassiceps metacestodes or subcutaneous inoculation with a T. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018 Aug 23;20(10):41. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1137, New York, NY, 10029, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Acute symptomatic and provoked seizures by definition occur in close proximity to an event and are considered to be situational. The treatment implications and likelihood of recurrence of acute symptomatic and provoked seizures differ from unprovoked seizures. In this article, the authors review the literature on acute symptomatic and provoked seizures with regard to therapeutic approach and risk of recurrence. Read More

Paediatr Int Child Health 2018 Aug 22:1-8. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

a Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group , University of Zambia School of Medicine , Lusaka , Zambia.

Parasitic infections of the gut have major implications for child health, but many questions remain unanswered. Protozoal parasites, especially cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, cause diarrhoea and contribute to impaired growth, neurocognitive development and mortality. Entamoeba histolytica causes dysentery and may have more subtle effects on child growth. Read More

Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018 10;8(5):1265-1273

State University of Goias, Anapolis, Goias, Brazil.

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and currently represents a serious public health issue in many regions of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. To date, praziquantel is one of the chosen drugs for the treatment of neurocysticercosis. Its mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of different biochemical pathways within the parasite which contribute to its death. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2018 Sep 8;192:98-107. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma HSC, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA. Electronic address:

Neurocysticercosis is associated with epilepsy in pig-raising communities with poor sanitation. Current internationally recognized diagnostic guidelines for neurocysticercosis rely on brain imaging, a technology that is frequently not available or not accessible in areas endemic for neurocysticercosis. Minimally invasive and low-cost aids for diagnosing neurocysticercosis epilepsy could improve treatment of neurocysticercosis. Read More

Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Oct;31(5):377-382

Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia.

Purpose Of Review: The goal of this review is highlight recent developments regarding neurocysticercosis, including recently developed guidelines.

Recent Findings: Recent diagnostic criteria highlight the importance of neuroimaging in establishing a diagnosis. Monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection and the enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot can be confirmatory. Read More

J Helminthol 2018 Aug 1:1-3. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias,Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción,Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM),Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,Funes 3250,7600,Mar del Plata,Argentina.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET),Argentina.

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease caused by encysted larvae of Taenia solium in the human central nervous system. Cysts mainly affect the cerebral hemispheres, although they can also be found in ventricles, basal cisterns, and subarachnoid spaces, and rarely in the cerebellum. Given the impossibility of studying the disease in human patients, Cardona et al. Read More

Neuroimmunomodulation 2018 24;25(2):103-109. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, Mexico.

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the immune-endocrine profile in neurocysticercosis (NC) patients resistant to cysticidal treatment.

Methods: The inflammatory and regulatory responses of 8 resistant NC patients with extraparenchymal parasites and 5 healthy controls were evaluated through flow cytometry. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA and catecholamines levels by high performance liquid chromatography. Read More