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J Clin Anesth 2018 Dec 12;54:160-161. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, United States. Electronic address:

J Clin Anesth 2018 Dec 12;54:152. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Anesthesiology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

University Eye Clinic Maastricht, University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the presence of choroidal microvascular dropout (CMvD) in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes compared to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes.

Design: Cross-sectional study METHODS: Thirty-six POAG eyes (36 patients) and 28 PACG eyes (28 patients) underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Presence of CMvD was evaluated on choroidal OCTA slabs. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To enhance the understanding of dry eye (DE) in diabetes by evaluating the ocular surface characteristics and the levels of tear inflammatory cytokines.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Subjects were divided into four groups: 32 patients in diabetes with DE group; 24 patients in diabetes without DE group; 28 patients in non-diabetes with DE group and 29 volunteers in normal group. Read More

BJU Int 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Uro-Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.

Objectives: To identify factors influencing return for maintenance Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) treatment after successful completion of a 12-week course of treatment for the overactive bladder (OAB).

Patients And Methods: Patients with OAB symptoms referred for PTNS treatment underwent twelve sessions of weekly PTNS treatment and evaluated at baseline and week 12 using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on OAB (ICIQ-OAB), lower urinary tract symptoms related quality of life questionnaire (ICIQ-LUT symptoms QOL) and bladder diary (BD). Responders to treatment, evaluated using two patient-reported outcome measurements, were invited to return for maintenance treatments when symptoms returned. Read More

FEBS J 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania School of Medicine, Catania, Italy.

Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily, is regarded as a mediator of neurotoxicity. The constitutively expressed ion exchanger NCX3 has been shown to protect neurons from injury. Its expression is induced by Nerve growth factor (NGF) through activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor trkA. Read More

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.

Background: Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (AB-VNS) is a potentially non-invasive, inexpensive and safe approach for vagus nerve stimulation that suppresses the induction and duration of atrial fibrillation and reduces sympathetic nerve outflow in healthyhumans. Researchers have not determined whether AB-VNS affects ventricular arrhythmias.

Objective: To evaluate the antiarrhythmic effects of noninvasive AB-VNS on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial infarction (MI). Read More

Physiol Rep 2018 Dec;6(24):e13944

School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

We have previously shown in young males that the rate of rise in blood pressure (BP) at the onset of mental stress determines whether or not muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) has a role in driving the pressor response. The aim of this study was to investigate these interactions in young females. BP and MSNA were recorded continuously in 19 females and 21 males during 2-min mental stressors (mental arithmetic and Stroop test). Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Pediatric dentistry, Goa Dental College, Goa, Bambolim, India.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2% articaine and 2% lignocaine in achieving adequate anesthesia in children between the age group of 6-13 years using inferior alveolar nerve block.

Methods: A triple blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted in 180 participants (90 patients- 2% articaine, 90 patients-2% lignocaine). Effectiveness of the anesthetic agent was determined at 3 points determined by subjective evaluation of pain using pain scales (FPS-R). Read More

Clin Oral Investig 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Faculty of Dentistry, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095, India.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Endo-Ice followed by intrapulpal ice application for reducing pain during pulp extirpation in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis participated in the present study. Subjects were randomly allocated to any one of the following groups: control group-inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000), articaine group-inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000) + Buccal infiltration with articaine (4%) with adrenaline (1:100000); or cold group-inferior alveolar nerve block with lignocaine (2%) adrenaline (1:80000) + cold application. Read More

Neuroradiology 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan Province, China.

Purpose: The effects and complications of hybrid procedure (combined carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting) to revascularize chronic long-segment occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) are currently unknown and the purpose of this study.

Methods: Sixty-five patients with long-segment occlusion of ICA were prospectively enrolled and divided into two groups of revascularization with hybrid operation (n = 30) and medication group (n = 35), and clinical and angiographic data were analyzed.

Results: The duration from symptom onset to revascularization ranged 17-120 days (mean 40. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e025230. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department for Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

Introduction: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a potentially devastating condition caused by compression of the cauda equina nerve roots. This can result in bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction plus lower limb weakness, numbness and pain. CES occurs infrequently, but has serious potential morbidity and medicolegal consequences. Read More

Development 2018 Dec 14;145(24). Epub 2018 Dec 14.

In contrast to nerves in the central nervous system, peripheral nerves are highly regenerative following injury. Regeneration is critically dependent on Schwann cells, the main glial cell type of the peripheral nervous system, but whether an additional stem cell or progenitor population also contributes has been a matter of contention. A paper in this issue of Development now addresses this issue with a characterisation of Schwann cell behaviour in the homeostatic and regenerating mouse peripheral nerve. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Washington, D.C, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Complications associated with the lateral lumbar transpsoas approach largely comprise various nerve-related syndromes particularly at L4-5. Quadriceps weakness can occur from stretch injury to the femoral nerve during retraction.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of retraction time in the development of postoperative neuropathic motor weakness at the L4-5 level. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying clinical severity in 135 consecutive patients.

Methods: Clinical severity of ulnar neuropathy was graded on a 4 point scale from very mild (symptoms only) to severe (marked atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles). Sensitivity and localization ability of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound were assessed for each point of the scale. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2018 Dec 13;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Ipsen Bioinnovation, Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK.

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT-A) blocks the release of acetylcholine from peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and is an important option for the treatment of disorders characterised by excessive cholinergic neuronal activity. Several BoNT-A products are currently marketed, each with unique manufacturing processes, excipients, formulation, and non-interchangeable potency units. Nevertheless, the effects of all the products are mediated by the 150 kDa BoNT-A neurotoxin. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 5;109:957-968. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. Electronic address:

Inflammatory response is involved in the development of facial neuritis. The aim of our study is to explore the role of mitophagy in facial nerve damage induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Our results indicated that TNFα induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 5;109:726-733. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 12 Wulongmuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in many brain dysfunctions and the neuroprotective function of puerarin after brain damage has been demonstrated in several studies. But whether puerarin can reduce brain nerve damage after SAH is not clear.In this study, we hypothesized that puerarin had the neuroprotective effect after SAH, and this protection could be mediated by bothBcl-2/Bax/Cleaved caspase-3 and SIRT3/SOD2 apoptotic signaling pathways. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 26;109:2014-2021. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Orthopedics Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai, 201399, China. Electronic address:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event, leading to the progression of chronic neuropathic pain syndrome. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is an innate immune receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. TREM1 enhances inflammatory response in various models of diseases, but its significance in SCI remains unclear. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Jan 26;109:1826-1833. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Optometry, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.

Objective: Astragaloside (AST) is a kind of effective components of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been reported to exert extensive pharmacological actions in various diseases. However, the effect of AST on optic nerve injury remains unclear. The study aimed to uncover the effect of AST on oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced RGC-5 cells injury and the underlying mechanism. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2018 Dec 30;270:786-791. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 26 Shengli Street, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430014, China. Electronic address:

Studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to compare retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to compare changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in schizophrenia and healthy controls via a meta-analysis. Relevant studies were selected via an electronic search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Pubmed, and Embase. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.

We describe the operative approach and management for thoracic metastatic disease in a 78-yr-old man with worsening mechanical lower back and left-sided thoracic radicular pain. Imaging of the thoracic spine revealed an osteolytic T11 mass with destruction of the left T11 pedicle and transverse process. Biopsy confirmed spinal metastasis from the liver. Read More

Pharmacol Rep 2018 Oct 6;71(1):139-148. Epub 2018 Oct 6.

Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. Electronic address:

Background: The G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35), is considered important for nociceptive transmission, as suggested by accumulating evidence. This receptor was discovered in 1998; however, a lack of pharmacological tools prevented a complete understanding of its function and how to exploit it therapeutically. We studied the influence of CXCL17, kynurenic acid and zaprinast on nociceptive transmission in naïve and neuropathic mice. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Dec;59(15):5868-5875

Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan.

Purpose: Previous experimental studies assessing corneal nerves as a measure of the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy have yielded discordant results; this may have been due to the effect of the short duration of the induced diabetes. We investigated whether increases in the duration of hyperglycemia result in the development of corneal lesions in a mouse model of alloxan (AL)- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. We further determined whether corneal nerve fiber density, intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), and sural nerve morphology can be used as morphologic markers of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rodent models. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018 Dec;59(15):5862-5867

Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To investigate whether the relationship between circumpapillary vascular density (cpVD) and visual field (VF) mean sensitivity (MS) differs between primary open-angle (POAG) and angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods: The cpVD and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA, AngioVue/RTVue-XR) in 146 eyes from 146 subjects (age- and VF mean deviation-matched 86 POAG and 60 PACG). Global and regional relationships (superotemporal [ST], superonasal [SN], nasoupper [NU], nasolower [NL], inferonasal [IN], inferotemoporal [IT], temporolower [TL], and temporoupper [TU] sectors) were estimated between cpVD and VF MS using multiple linear regression models controlling for the confounding variables in two disease categories. Read More

Anesth Analg 2019 Jan;128(1):3-4

From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ear Nose and Throat Department, Adana, Turkey.

Objectives: Anatomic variations of paranasal sinuses are frequent among population that should be analyzed and interpreted accurately. The purpose of this study is to analyze anatomical variants and their relationships of paranasal sinuses in patients with nasal septal deviation undergoing septoplasty.

Methods: A total number of 150 patients (74 males, 76 females) with nasal septal deviation undergoing septal surgery were included in this retrospective study. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;32(23):1810-1812

Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University.

To evaluate the effect of the application of functional parotid surgery for removal of benign parotid tumors and the prevention of Frey syndrome. One hundred and fifty-six cases with benign tumor were underwent functional regional parotidectomy. All tumors were smaller than 4 cm in diameter. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;32(23):1804-1809

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.

To find proper the surgical approval and evaluate clinical efficacy to treat the tumor of upper parapharyngeal space involving the base of skull and intracranial skull. The data of 9 cases from June 2013 and June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively including schwannoma in 6 cases, pleomorphic adenoma in 2 cases and hemangioma in 1 case. All cases received preoperative high resolution CT and MRI, some cases also did the DSA examination. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jul;32(14):1120-1124

Auditory neuropathy is a disorder characterized by absent or severely abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR) with intact outer hair cell function, as evidenced by the presence of evoked otoacoustic emissions and/or cochlear microphonics. Unlike patients with sensory hearing loss who show clinical evidence of impaired outer hair cell function. For ANSD patients, clinical rehabilitation is mainly limited to hearing aid wearing and cochlear implantation. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jul;32(14):1106-1107

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jul;32(14):1061-1065

Departmeng of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, 250031, China.

To discuss the effect of obesity on the operation of thyroid gland surgery and surgical results.The clinical data of 446 patients who underwent robot thyroid surgery through bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) from the General Hospital of Jinan Military region from February 2014 to November 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, and the patients were divided into BMI<25 kg/m²; group, BMI 25-30 kg/m²; group and BMI>30 kg/m²; group according to body mass index (BMI). The operative complications were compared between the three groups of benign and malignant patients, such as operation time, postoperative lead flow, postoperative hospitalization time, tumor size (malignant), lymph node metastasis (malignant), cosmetic satisfaction score, laryngeal nerve injury and parathyroid function decrease. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Jul;32(14):1051-1055

Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.

To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT). The clinical data of 66 patients undergoing RATT from November 2016 to May 2018 were prospectively collected and analyzed. The average age was (38. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;32(24):1893-1896

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.

To explore the application and to evaluate the advantage of image navigation assisted nasal endoscopic surgery in optic nerve decompression. Sixty patients accepted the image navigation assisted nasal endoscopic surgery therapy in optic nerve decompression were included in this retrospective study and followed up for about six months to four years. The visual acuity was improved in 16 cases with visual acuity above light. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;32(24):1882-1885

Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China.

Through the observation and measurement of the adjacent anatomical structures exposed by the pure microscope and endoscopic-assisted technique for the enlarged middle cranial fossa approach to the petroclival region, quantitative compare the advantages of endoscopic-assisted technique and the pure microscope exposure. The enlarged middle cranial fossa approach was performed on 10 cases (20 sides) fresh adult cadaveric head specimens in which the vessels were injected with colored silicone. At the end of every enlarged middle cranial fossa approachs, endoscope assisted technique was applied. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;32(24):1856-1859

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040，China.

To evaluate the applicative value of image-guided system in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeries. A total of 103 endoscopic surgical procedures were performed.All these procedures were conducted with the utilization of image-guided system, among which there were 92 cases of sinonasal-skull base surgery(including nasal sinuses resection of benign and malignant tumors involving skull base lesions, the cumulative orbital lesion resection of nasal sinus lesions, etc. Read More

J Biomed Opt 2018 Dec;23(12):1-17

Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, previously known as low-level laser therapy, was discovered more than 50 years ago, yet there is still no agreement on the parameters and protocols for its clinical application. Some groups have recommended the use of a power density less than 100  mW/cm2 and an energy density of 4 to 10  J/cm2 at the level of the target tissue. Others recommend as much as 50  J/cm2 at the tissue surface. Read More

Acta Ortop Mex 2018 Jul-Aug;32(4):209-213

Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad de Traumatología y Ortopedia «Lomas Verdes» del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). México.

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compression neuropathy of the upper limb, and the release of the median nerve is the surgical treatment that is carried out. There are several surgical techniques used to treat this condition; However, this virtual cavity, which we call the carpal tunnel, undergoes several morphological and dimensional changes, prior to surgery and after surgery using the various techniques that the surgeon has a predilection for.

Material And Methods: Observational, prospective and longitudinal study conducted in the period from March to November 2009. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;32(6):506-516

Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.

Purpose: We measured the thicknesses of the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), the macula, and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with idiopathic macula holes to analyze the repeatability of these measurements and compare them with those of the fellow eye.

Methods: We evaluated 85 patients who visited our retinal clinic. The patients were divided into two groups according to their macular hole size: group A had a size of <400 μm, while group B had a size of ≥400 μm. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;32(6):459-469

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) users.

Methods: The medical records of HCQ users were retrospectively reviewed. In these HCQ users, an automated perimetry, fundus autofluorescence photography, and SD-OCT with peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were performed. Read More

BJU Int 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Objectives: To create a rat model for neurogenic detrusor underactivity (DU) by bilateral pelvic nerve crush injury (BPNI) and to study temporal changes in detrusor contractility and morphology.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to BPNI or sham surgery and evaluated 1, 3 and 9 weeks after surgery. Bladder function was determined in vivo by awake cystometry, micturition pattern analysis and 24-hours urine collection. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.

Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked gene CASK are associated with mental retardation and microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) and ophthalmological disorders including optic nerve atrophy (ONA) and optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Recently, we have demonstrated that CASK mice display ONH with 100% penetrance but exhibit no change in retinal lamination or structure. It is not clear if CASK loss-of-function predominantly affects retinal ganglion cells, or if other retinal cells like photoreceptors are also involved. Read More

Neuromodulation 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Objectives: Until now, the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) treatment in epilepsy has consisted of two different modes: normal and magnet stimulation. A new vagus nerve stimulator model (106 AspireSR®, LivaNova, Houston, TX, USA) also allows automatic stimulation (AutoStim). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of autostimulation on seizure frequencies together with energy consumption. Read More

Psychophysiology 2018 Dec 14:e13310. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

EMG Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

All sensory stimuli produce transient excitability changes in various central nervous system circuits. One example is prepulse inhibition (PPI), which is the inhibition generated by a preceding weak stimulus (prepulse) over the reflex response to a subsequent suprathreshold stimulus. The PPI is a ubiquitous phenomenon, common to many different sensory modalities. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to report prevalence, ocular outcome, neurological characteristics, cognitive and behavioural problems in children with optic disc coloboma (ODC).

Methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study of 31 children between 2 and 18 years of age diagnosed with ODC. The children were part of a larger cohort of 184 children with congenital optic disc malformations. Read More

Asian J Endosc Surg 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

We performed laparoscopic surgery for three cases of colorectal cancer using an 8K ultra-high-definition endoscopic system, which offers 16-fold higher resolution than the current 2K high-definition endoscope. The weight of the camera has been successfully reduced to 370 g. To maximize the advantages of the 8K ultra-high-definition endoscope, surgery was performed by darkening the room and placing a large 85-in. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Rodent models of glaucoma have greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and served as a useful tool to investigate neuroprotective agents. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 25700 Southwood Dr., Southfield, MI, USA, 48075, 2487526328.

Introduction: To date, no method has been described or utilized to study the distribution of symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome. We describe a technique of symptom-mapping that yields a population-based "anatomic profile" of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods: Symptoms were mapped on visual questionnaires depicting the volar hand, wrist and forearm. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Departments of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Postal Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.

Introduction: We evaluated diagnostic value of sensory tests during recovery from iatrogenic sensory neuropathy using intraoperatively verified nerve injury with subjective symptoms as gold standard.

Methods: Inferior alveolar nerves were monitored neurophysiologically throughout mandibular osteotomy in 19 patients. Sensory disturbance was registered and sensation tested using clinical and quantitative sensory (QST) and neurophysiologic tests postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12 months. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center.