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J Assoc Physicians India 2022 Apr;70(4):11-12

Medical College, Kolkata.

SLE patients have an increased burden of atherosclerosis leading to adverse cardiovascular events.Alterations in endothelial function, dysregulated immune system and increased oxidative stress are implicated in their development and progression. Carotid Artery Ultrasound has been recommended by the AHA/ACC to assess and follow progression of subclinical atherosclerosis & correlate with traditional /non traditional CV risk factors in SLE. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Feb 7;15(2). Epub 2022 Feb 7.

Department of General Internal Medicine, Kokuho Asahi Chuo Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, Japan.

A teenage girl presented with fever after aspirin use. Examination revealed no organ-specific symptoms. The serum creatinine level and urine analysis findings were normal. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Nov 18;22(22). Epub 2021 Nov 18.

Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Changes in the renin-angiotensin system, known for its critical role in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis, may contribute to aging and age-related diseases. While the renin-angiotensin system is suppressed during aging, little is known about its regulation and activity within tissues. However, this knowledge is required to successively treat or prevent renal disease in the elderly. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2021 10 18;32(10):2445-2453. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany

Background: Renal denervation (RDN) is an invasive intervention to treat drug-resistant arterial hypertension. Its therapeutic value is contentious. Here we examined the effects of RDN on inflammatory and infectious kidney disease models in mice. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2021 Sep 7:1-6. Epub 2021 Sep 7.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Renoprotectors are highly demanded due to environmental nephrotoxic factors. leaves extract alleviating effect was assessed in nephritic-induced rats by whole body shot dose of γ-radiation. Many biomarkers were detected using several assays. Read More

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021 Jan-Dec;35:20587384211033683

RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 8016UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Lymphoid neogenesis occurs in tissues targeted by chronic inflammatory processes, such as infection and autoimmunity. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), such structures develop within the kidneys of lupus-prone mice ((NZBXNZW)F1) and are observed in kidney biopsies taken from SLE patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The purpose of this prospective longitudinal animal study was to detect early kidney changes and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) using in vivo imaging. Read More

Nephrology (Carlton) 2021 Apr 14;26(4):294-302. Epub 2020 Dec 14.

School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Background: There is no previous study that compare skin cancer awareness and photoprotective behaviours between renal transplant recipients (RTR) and patients with glomerular disease (GD).

Objectives/methods: Sixty-one RTR and 51 patients with GD were given a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate skin cancer awareness and photoprotective behaviours in this cross-sectional study. The former group received a formal education on skin cancer and the latter an informal session prior to immunosuppressant use. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 07 21;12(1):4447. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Tryptophan catabolism is a major metabolic pathway utilized by several professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells to maintain immunological tolerance. Here we report that 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenamine (3-HKA) is a biogenic amine produced via an alternative pathway of tryptophan metabolism. In vitro, 3-HKA has an anti-inflammatory profile by inhibiting the IFN-γ mediated STAT1/NF-κΒ pathway in both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) with a consequent decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, most notably TNF, IL-6, and IL12p70. Read More

Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021 3;14:17562848211024464. Epub 2021 Jul 3.

Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC) with radiotherapy (RT) remain an established treatment for patients with anal cancer (AC). Genetic mutations in two major metabolizing enzymes for 5-FU; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase ( and thymidylate synthetase (), have been associated with clinical response and toxicity. However, their place in the treatment of AC remains undetermined. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Jul 25;31(4):1584-1587. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.

Purpose: Ocular features of Alport syndrome include anterior lenticonus, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and fleck-and-dot retinopathy in most cases. Keratoconus in such patients has been rarely mentioned in previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of corneal cross-linking for halting the progression of keratoconus in a patient with Alport syndrome. Read More

Theranostics 2021 1;11(6):2670-2690. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.

Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of nephritis, however, its dose-dependent side effects, such as the increased risk of infection and metabolic disturbances, hamper its clinical use. This study reports a visualized podocyte-targeting and focused ultrasound responsive glucocorticoid nano-delivery system (named as Dex/[email protected]α), which specific delivers dexamethasone (Dex) to podocyte targets and reduces systemic side effects. The glucocorticoid nano-delivery system was synthesized by a lipid thin film and a simple facile acoustic-emulsification method. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021 01;118(3)

Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;

Photosensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light affects up to ∼80% of lupus patients. Sunlight exposure can exacerbate local as well as systemic manifestations of lupus, including nephritis, by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here, we report that acute skin exposure to UV light triggers a neutrophil-dependent injury response in the kidney characterized by upregulated expression of endothelial adhesion molecules as well as inflammatory and injury markers associated with transient proteinuria. Read More

EBioMedicine 2021 Jan 16;63:103162. Epub 2020 Dec 16.

Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Drug Discovery center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, United States. Electronic address:

Background: Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by collagens that is involved in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders. Interestingly, de novo production of the collagen type I (Col I) has been observed in Col4a3 knockout mice, a mouse model of Alport Syndrome (AS mice). Deletion of the DDR1 in AS mice was shown to improve survival and renal function. Read More

Cancer Res 2021 02 7;81(3):713-723. Epub 2020 Dec 7.

Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Cisplatin chemotherapy is standard care for many cancers but is toxic to the kidneys. How this toxicity occurs is uncertain. In this study, we identified apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (APE2) as a critical molecule upregulated in the proximal tubule cells (PTC) following cisplatin-induced nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA damage in cisplatin-treated C57B6J mice. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2020 10;8(2)

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as nivolumab and ipilimumab have improved outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients, but they are also associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). As observed in melanoma, we hypothesized that patients experiencing an autoimmune reaction directed against the tissue of origin may be more likely to benefit from ICI. Specifically, we asked whether patients with immune-related acute interstitial nephritis (irAIN) exhibited improved outcomes. Read More

Hypertension 2020 12 2;76(6):1906-1914. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (Y.A., A.N., K.-i.K., F.M.Y., F.M., S.K., T.M., Y.H.), Hiroshima University.

The estimated morbidity rate of chronic kidney disease is 8% to 16% worldwide, and many patients with chronic kidney disease eventually develop renal failure. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies for preventing renal failure is crucial. In this study, we assessed the effects of daily low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy on experimental hypertensive nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 07 1;10(1):10715. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) against the 99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and computed tomography (CT) in children for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. We included children who underwent both renal CEUS and the DMSA scan or CT. A total of 33 children (21 males and 12 females, mean age 26 ± 36 months) were included. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2020 Aug 28;209:111920. Epub 2020 May 28.

Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

There is growing evidence that some parasitic infections can impact a variety of autoimmune diseases by disease-inducing or protecting capacities. Anti-inflammatory molecules secreted by Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites are capable of preventing some autoimmune disease like arthritis, lupus nephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus by acting on the immune system. Here we aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of vaccination with Toxoplasma gondii (T. Read More

West J Emerg Med 2020 Apr 13;21(3):566-580. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Dallas, Texas.

Cancer therapies have undergone several recent advancements. Current cancer treatments include immune-based therapies comprised of checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive immunotherapy; each treatment has the potential for complications that differ from chemotherapy and radiation. This review evaluates immune-based therapies and their complications for emergency clinicians. Read More

Ann Hematol 2021 Apr 4;100(4):1087-1088. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.

World J Clin Oncol 2020 Apr;11(4):190-204

Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029094, Bahia, Brazil.

Anticancer drug nephrotoxicity is an important and increasing adverse drug event that limits the efficacy of cancer treatment. The kidney is an important elimination pathway for many antineoplastic drugs and their metabolites, which occurs by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Chemotherapeutic agents, both conventional cytotoxic agents and molecularly targeted agents, can affect any segment of the nephron including its microvasculature, leading to many clinical manifestations such as proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, glomerulopathy, acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, acute kidney injury and at times chronic kidney disease. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 06 6;16(3):320-325. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in infants. The initial evaluation includes imaging to identify risk factors for permanent renal damage, such as malformation and renal parenchymal involvement of the infection i.e. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 18;21(4). Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Immunology Division, LCMN, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, FOCIS Center of Excellence-UAB-Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.

The current gold-standard diagnostic technique for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the leading form of primary glomerulonephritis, is renal biopsy. CD89 (the main IgA receptor) is expressed on the surface of monocytes and plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Immunocomplexes formed by sCD89 (soluble form) and Gd-IgA1 are related to disease prognosis. Read More

Xenotransplantation 2020 07 13;27(4):e12578. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and xenotransplantation are accompanied by viral reactivations and virus-associated complications resulting from immune deficiency. Here, in a Mauritian cynomolgus macaque model of fully MHC-matched allogeneic HSCT, we report reactivations of cynomolgus polyomavirus, lymphocryptovirus, and cytomegalovirus, macaque viruses analogous to HSCT-associated human counterparts BK virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus. Viral replication in recipient macaques resulted in characteristic disease manifestations observed in HSCT patients, such as polyomavirus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis or lymphocryptovirus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2019 12 21;7(1):356. Epub 2019 Dec 21.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street Suite 302, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Background: Acute interstitial nephritis is an immune-related adverse event that can occur in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Differentiating checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis from other causes of acute kidney injury in patients with cancer is challenging and can lead to diagnostic delays and/or unwarranted immunosuppression. In this case report, we assess the use of F-flourodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography imaging as an alternative diagnostic modality in the evaluation of potential acute interstitial nephritis. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2020 08 11;87(8):625-632. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institiute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the growth of a significant number of microorganisms of a single species in the urine, in the presence of symptoms. Symptoms in young children are non-specific such as fever without focus; young infants may manifest with irritability, failure to thrive, jaundice, vomiting and diarrhea. Older children usually have symptoms of cystitis or pyelonephritis. Read More

DNA Cell Biol 2019 Nov 30;38(11):1223-1232. Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

To date, the clinical course of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) remains unclear and lacks direct and effective diagnostic methods. To better understand the host gene expression changes involved in the iMN process and identify the potential signatures for clinical diagnosis, we performed a whole genome-wide transcriptome profile of peripheral blood cells (PBC) from patients with iMN and healthy controls (HCs). A total of 188 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in patients with iMN versus HCs. Read More

Aktuelle Urol 2020 Apr 27;51(2):137-144. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Mainz.

Radiological voiding cystourethrography has long been considered the gold standard for reflux testing in paediatric urology. Additional contrast-based procedures such as voiding urosonography or radionuclide cystography have been established in recent decades. Their main indication is reflux diagnosis after pyelonephritis in early infancy and childhood. Read More

Int J Artif Organs 2019 Dec 15;42(12):675-683. Epub 2019 Jul 15.

Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

Objective: To clarify the reasons and beneficial effects and duration of arteriovenous fistula patency after radiological interventions in arteriovenous fistula. The patients investigated were referred due to arteriovenous fistula access flow problems.

Material And Methods: In 174 patients, 522 radiological investigations and endovascular treatments such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty were analyzed, retrospectively. Read More

J Autoimmun 2019 09 24;103:102291. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Div. of Rheumatology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address:

Ultraviolet (UV) light is a known trigger of skin and possibly systemic inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Although type I interferons (IFN) are upregulated in SLE skin after UV exposure, the mechanisms to explain increased UVB-induced inflammation remain unclear. This paper compares the role of type I IFNs in regulating immune cell activation between wild-type and lupus-prone mice following UVB exposure. Read More