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An Bras Dermatol 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus with distinct clinical features. Clinical dermatological phenotypes in MODY patients are very rare in literature. This report describes a patient with presenting with necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) and granuloma annulare (GA). Read More

J Tissue Viability 2022 Apr 27. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain.

J Cutan Pathol 2022 Apr 11. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

Background: Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is an uncommon granulomatous dermatosis that can occur in patients with or without associated diabetes mellitus (DM). Prior studies have attempted to determine distinctive histopathologic features of NL in patients with and without DM.

Methods: A retrospective review of 97 patients with NL was performed to determine the similar and distinctive histopathologic features in patients with DM and without DM. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2022 ;1367:349-368

Department of Dermatology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.

Non-infectious granulomatous skin diseases are a wide category of well-defined reactive inflammatory conditions that share main similarities. While cutaneous sarcoidosis is the prototype of non-infectious (sterile) granulomatous dermatitides, there are several other entities in this group including granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica. Non-infectious granulomatous diseases are caused by complex associations between genetic situations and environmental triggers resulting in a variety of cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2022 Mar 19;21:195-197. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Department of Dermatology, Advocate-Aurora Healthcare, Northern Wisconsin Patient Service Area, Green Bay, Wisconsin.

Case Rep Dermatol 2021 Sep-Dec;13(3):547-552. Epub 2021 Nov 30.

Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a chronic granulomatous idiopathic disorder. It usually presents as yellow-brown, atrophic, telangiectatic plaques with an elevated violaceous rim, typically in the pretibial region of both extremities with and without ulceration [1, 2]. There are few reported cases of childhood-onset NL in atypical locations. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2022 Jan 17;19:90-93. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

Dermatol Ther 2022 02 8;35(2):e15234. Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

Biologic medications are systemic therapeutic options for inflammatory dermatoses. Local forms of administration are less well-studied. To provide a summary of intralesional (IL) administration of biologics for various non-malignant inflammatory dermatologic conditions reported in the literature. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2022 06 16;61(6):739-741. Epub 2021 Nov 16.

Institute of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Oct;25(19):6047-6050

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare chronic granulomatous degenerative skin disease by unknown causes, which is mostly associated with diabetes mellitus, usually presenting with typical plaques of the shins. Although less common, some ulcerative forms may be seen in clinical practice. The occurrence of an atypical presentation in one of our patients was the occasion to review the pertinent literature. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Nov 20;22(5):1330. Epub 2021 Sep 20.

Department of Endocrinology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder which occurs as the result of growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) over-secretion; both hormones are related to skin anomalies. The skin acts as a large endocrine organ, hosting GH receptors in every cell while IGF-1 receptors are expressed only in keratinocytes. This review is a literature review of skin anomalies found in acromegaly, either related to the disease itself or associated with related complications such as secondary diabetes mellitus, or involving associated conditions such as genetic syndromes. Read More

Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021 Oct;38(4):569-576

Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine, 148 N 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address:

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common conditions that affects the US population and burdens the health care system. Knowledge of the skin conditions that may occur before diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made or after the diagnosis is made is pertinent for the practitioner. This article reviews skin disorders found on the lower extremity that are associated with diabetes mellitus. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021 Sep 13;9(9):e3788. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

Department of Dermatology, CHU du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare granulomatous skin disorder of unknown physiopathology that is frequently associated with diabetes mellitus. The typical skin lesions of NL present as chronic, bilateral, well-defined red to yellow-brown plaques with telangectasias, a violaceous border and a waxy atrophic center. The lower legs are the most often involved areas, but NL may exceptionally develop on scar tissue following surgery. Read More

Curr Diabetes Rev 2022 ;18(4):e030921196145

Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Skin involvement is an overlooked aspect in the management of paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. A comprehensive search of published literature using the PubMed database was carried out using the following key terms: "children," "pediatric/paediatric patients," "skin," "skin disorders," "type 1 diabetes." Dermatological side effects are frequently observed among diabetic children and adolescents. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021 17;9:2050313X211039477. Epub 2021 Aug 17.

Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Granulomatous skin conditions are poorly understood inflammatory skin diseases consisting predominantly of macrophages. Granuloma annulare (GA) is the most common granulomatous skin disease and the generalized variant is particularly difficult to treat due to the prolonged course and lack of efficacious treatment options. Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is another granulomatous disorder of uncertain etiology. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2021 Jul 15;27(7). Epub 2021 Jul 15.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare, granulomatous disease considered to be associated with diabetes. It is frequently seen in female and middle-aged patients and is rarely observed in children. We present a 14-year-old boy with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes who developed biopsy-proven NL. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2021 Jun 15;27(6). Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Division of Dermatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Ulcerative sarcoidosis is a rare variant of cutaneous sarcoidosis that may present as ulceration with necrotic yellow plaques on the lower extremities, face, arms, trunk, or genital area. Adalimumab, a human monoclonal anti-TNF antibody, is an emerging treatment for recalcitrant cutaneous sarcoidosis. We describe severe ulcerative sarcoidosis in a 60-year-old woman with chronic ulcerative necrobiosis lipoidica-like plaques on her left arm for over 20 years. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2021 Aug 14;14:62-64. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Dermatology, Medstar Washington Hospital Center/Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 02 3;86(2):414-422. Epub 2021 Jul 3.

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) intracellular signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory dermatoses. Clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of a variety of dermatologic conditions. Here we review JAK inhibitors currently under investigation for the treatment of alopecia areata, vitiligo, sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and systemic lupus erythematosus with a special emphasis on safety and the implications of JAK inhibitors during the novel coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2022 Jan 30;43(1):59-61. Epub 2021 Jun 30.

Unité de lymphologie, Centre national de référence des maladies vasculaires rares (lymphœdème primaire, malformations lymphatiques), Hôpital Cognacq-Jay, 15, rue Eugène-Millon, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address:

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 06 18;86(6):1428-1429. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona. Electronic address:

Australas J Dermatol 2021 Aug 11;62(3):e473-e474. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Med Clin North Am 2021 Jul;105(4):681-697

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Diabetes mellitus is a significant worldwide health concern and cutaneous manifestations are common. This review describes characteristic skin findings of diabetes, general skin findings related to diabetes, and findings related to diabetes treatment with a focus on clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus likely will be encountered more frequently by physicians in all disciplines including dermatologists and primary care physicians. Read More

Cutis 2021 Feb;107(2):74-78

Mr. Svoboda is from the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke. Dr. Shields is from the Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.

Hyperglycemia is defined by excess blood glucose and, when persistent, may lead to prediabetic and diabetic states. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose. Dysregulated insulin secretion or clearance results in hyperinsulinemia, which also is closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic disturbances. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario El Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, España; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de La Reina, Ponferrada, León, España; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, España. Electronic address:

This series of 2 articles on dermatopathologic diagnoses reviews conditions in which granulomas form. Part 1 clarifies concepts, discusses the presentation of different types of granulomas and giant cells, and considers a large variety of noninfectious diseases. Some granulomatous diseases have a metabolic origin, as in necrobiosis lipoidica. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 05 18;86(5):1133-1135. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona. Electronic address:

Dermatology 2022 7;238(1):148-155. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.

Background: Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology. Randomized controlled studies are not available due to it being an orphan disease.

Objectives: We evaluated patients in 2 dermatological centres to cluster data about epidemiology, the therapeutic approaches for NL, and their efficacy. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 20;13(2):e13460. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

Dermatology, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, USA.

We present a 57-year-old female with a past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and hypothyroidism who presented with poorly demarcated, nonblanching, painful, erythematous nodules on the bilateral lower legs for two weeks. The patient recently switched from infliximab to abatacept infusions, and skin eruptions presented 53 days from her initial abatacept infusion. A 5 mm punch biopsy of the left anterior upper leg in the zone of involvement showed a deep dermal granulomatous infiltrate with associated eosinophils and a vaguely horizontally palisaded pattern with necrobiosis. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2021 Mar 3;9(3):1171-1174. Epub 2021 Jan 3.

BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal.

The diagnosis of NL is made traditionally by Histopathological Examination (HPE). This case report will aid for alternative noninvasive modality for confirmation of the condition via dermoscopy and differentiating it from other granulomatous skin condition. Read More