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Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Diabetes vascular complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, have a negative effect on the long-term prognosis of young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Poor glycaemic control and consequent increased HbA levels are major risk factors for the development of vascular complications. HbA levels are the main focus of current management strategies; however, the recommended target is rarely achieved in adolescents. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

INSERM UMR1011, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Women with pre-existing (type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as congenital malformations, preeclampsia and preterm delivery, compared with women who do not have diabetes mellitus. Approximately half of pregnancies in women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus are complicated by fetal overgrowth, which results in infants who are overweight at birth and at risk of birth trauma and, later in life, the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Strict glycaemic control with appropriate diet, use of insulin and, if necessary, antihypertensive treatment is the cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management to prevent pregnancy complications. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Associate Editor Nature Communications, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):312

Peking University Diabetes Center, Director of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

In the version of this article published online and in print, there was a mistake in the legend of Fig. 2 regarding the descriptions of the red and blue colours in the Figure. The text should have read 'The blue and red colours represent regions (provinces) with wheat and rice as the staple food, respectively. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Inserm U1185, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.

The principal role of prolactin in mammals is the regulation of lactation. Prolactin is a hormone that is mainly synthesized and secreted by lactotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Prolactin signalling occurs via a unique transmembrane prolactin receptor (PRL-R). Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):257-258

Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism research group, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):259-260

Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):253

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 18. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

In humans, the thyroid hormones T and T are synthesized in the thyroid gland in a process that crucially involves the iodoglycoprotein thyroglobulin. The overall structure of thyroglobulin is conserved in all vertebrates. Upon thyroglobulin delivery from thyrocytes to the follicular lumen of the thyroid gland via the secretory pathway, multiple tyrosine residues can become iodinated to form mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) and/or di-iodotyrosine (DIT); however, selective tyrosine residues lead to preferential formation of T and T at distinct sites. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):254-255

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):256-257

Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.

Critical illnesses are characterized by increased systemic cortisol availability, which is a vital part of the stress response. Relative adrenal failure (later termed critical-illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI)) is a condition in which the systemic availability of cortisol is assumed to be insufficiently high to face the stress of the illness and is most typically thought to occur in the acute phase of septic shock. Researchers suggested that CIRCI could be diagnosed by a suppressed incremental cortisol response to an injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone, irrespective of the baseline plasma cortisol. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):299-311

Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, AP-HP Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.

Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by generalized or segmental excessive growth commonly associated with additional features, such as visceromegaly, macrocephaly and a large range of various symptoms. These syndromes are caused by either genetic or epigenetic anomalies affecting factors involved in cell proliferation and/or the regulation of epigenetic markers. Some of these conditions are associated with neurological anomalies, such as cognitive impairment or autism. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

Five years ago, an ambitious collaboration, the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Toxicity of BPA (CLARITY-BPA; henceforth CLARITY), was launched by three US agencies. The goal was to provide a definitive evaluation of bisphenol A (BPA) and explain disparities between traditional regulatory studies and findings from independent investigators. BPA or vehicle-treated rats from an FDA facility were used in a guideline study and animals and/or tissues were provided to academic researchers for analysis. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Neurological and mental illnesses account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of disease. Exercise has many beneficial effects on brain health, contributing to decreased risks of dementia, depression and stress, and it has a role in restoring and maintaining cognitive function and metabolic control. The fact that exercise is sensed by the brain suggests that muscle-induced peripheral factors enable direct crosstalk between muscle and brain function. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):254

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):255

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):251-252

University of Glasgow, Human Nutrition Section, School of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):254-255

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Osteoporosis, a condition of skeletal decline that undermines quality of life, is treated with pharmacological interventions that are associated with poor adherence and adverse effects. Complicating efforts to improve clinical outcomes, the incidence of obesity is increasing, predisposing the population to a range of musculoskeletal complications and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological management of obesity has yet to deliver notable reductions in weight and debilitating complications are rarely avoided. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):288-298

Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in the past ~50 years, reaching pandemic levels. Obesity represents a major health challenge because it substantially increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnoea and several cancers, thereby contributing to a decline in both quality of life and life expectancy. Obesity is also associated with unemployment, social disadvantages and reduced socio-economic productivity, thus increasingly creating an economic burden. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):191

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):190

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):192

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):191

Associate Editor, Nature Communications, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):193-194

NeuRA, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):192

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):189

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):226-237

Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Gut hormones have many key roles in the control of metabolism, as they target diverse tissues involved in the control of intestinal function, insulin secretion, nutrient assimilation and food intake. Produced by scattered cells found along the length of the intestinal epithelium, gut hormones generate signals related to the rate of nutrient absorption, the composition of the luminal milieu and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Gut hormones already form the basis for existing and developing therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, exemplified by the licensed glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors that enhance GLP1 receptor activation. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):190

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):207-225

Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):194-196

Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):191

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):130

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):130

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):135-137

Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):129

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):238-250

Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

After the discovery of motilin in 1972, motilin and the motilin receptor were studied intensely for their role in the control of gastrointestinal motility and as targets for treating hypomotility disorders. The genetic revolution - with the use of knockout models - sparked novel insights into the role of multiple peptides but contributed to a decline in interest in motilin, as this peptide and its receptor exist only as pseudogenes in rodents. The past 5 years have seen a major surge in interest in motilin, as a series of studies have shown its relevance in the control of hunger and regulation of food intake in humans in both health and disease. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 May;15(5):261-273

Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.

Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiome is involved in the aetiology of obesity and obesity-related complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The gut microbiota is able to ferment indigestible carbohydrates (for example, dietary fibre), thereby yielding important metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and succinate. Numerous animal studies and a handful of human studies suggest a beneficial role of these metabolites in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):132-133

Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):128

Chief Editor, Nature Reviews Urology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Mar;15(3):129

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, .

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr;15(4):197-206

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Perturbed diurnal rhythms are becoming increasingly evident as deleterious events in the pathology of metabolic diseases. Exercise is well characterized as a crucial intervention in the prevention and treatment of individuals with metabolic diseases. Little is known, however, regarding optimizing the timing of exercise bouts in order to maximize their health benefits. Read More