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Acta Histochem 2020 May 8;122(4):151536. Epub 2020 Mar 8.

Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., RO-050474, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address:

The lacrimal sac (LS) empties in the nasolacrimal duct to drain the tears in the inferior nasal meatus. Different studies indicated the role of the lacrimal pump in the lacrimal drainage. Although controversial, the lacrimal pump mechanism is an extrinsic one, either active, or passive. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020 Jan;56(1):53-58

Lacrimal Centre of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.

To summarize clinical experience on the clinical feature, etiology and treatment of patients with spontaneous bloody tears as the initial symptom. Retrospective series of case studies. The clinical data and follow-up data of 27 cases of bloody tears as the first symptom in Lacrimal Center of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Read More

Head Neck 2020 Mar 13;42(3):556-568. Epub 2019 Dec 13.

THANC (Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer) Foundation, New York, New York.

Background: Reconstruction of orbit-sparing palatomaxillary defects requires consideration of globe dystopia, orbital volume, eyelid position and function, and the nasolacrimal system to preserve and optimize vision, globe protection, and appearance. We describe the fundamentals of orbital and eyelid anatomy, common orbital complications related to palatomaxillary reconstruction, and preemptive and corrective surgical techniques to be utilized during and after globe-sparing palatomaxillary reconstruction.

Methods: We present a review of the literature supplemented by clinical case examples. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020 Jan 26;237(1):20-28. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Universität zu Köln, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Köln.

The development of microendoscopes in lacrimal drainage surgery has led to the introduction of novel surgical procedures that maintain transcanicular anatomy, including a variety of lacrimal drainage intubation systems. Depending on the location and extent of the lacrimal duct stenosis, bicanaliculoanular, monocanalicular, monocanaliculonasal, bicanalicular, and bicanaliculonasal intubation techniques and systems, as well as a combination of these, may be used. For isolated intubation of the puncta lacrimalia, perforated punctum plugs may be used, while pure monocanalicular intubation can be performed using a Mini-Monoka. Read More

Ann Anat 2019 Jul 7;224:102-112. Epub 2019 May 7.

Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.

Purpose: To provide a systematic review of the literature on the disorders and management of the lacrimal drainage system (LDS) in few of the species of the animal kingdom.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles that were published in English with specific reference to lacrimal drainage disorders in animals. Data captured include demographics, presentations, investigation, diagnoses and management modalities. Read More

Wiad Lek 2019 ;72(3):432-435

HSEE "Bukovinian State Medical University", Chernivtsi, Ukraine.

Objective: Іntroduction: Main functions of the inner nose in humans are respiration and olfaction. Therefore, human needs a large surface of inhalable and exhalable air contact, warming and moistening. Importance of these organs in animals in phylogenesis before and after the secondary palate development can explain their anatomic and functional designation. Read More

Ann Anat 2019 Jul 4;224:33-40. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Institute of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.

Purpose: To provide a review and an update on dacryocystography (DCG) and its relevance in the current era.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English on DCG, digital subtraction-DCG (DS-DCG), computed tomographic DCG (CT-DCG) and magnetic resonance-DCG (MR-DCG). Data analyzed include the indications, techniques, interpretations, complication and limitations. Read More

Ann Anat 2019 Jul 3;224:28-32. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Australia. Electronic address:

Purpose: To provide a review of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and lateral wall of the nose pertaining to endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of articles published pertaining to the anatomy of the lateral wall of the nose and the anatomy of endonasal and external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery.

Results: The article covers the regional surface and surgical anatomy for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), including the maxillary line, middle turbinate, agger nasi air cell, lacrimal sac and fossa and the upper portion of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Jul 3;257(7):1341-1351. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Ophthalmology Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Palagi 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.

Purpose: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplantation, occurring in about half of transplanted patients. This condition seems to be the result of a progressive immune-mediated damage that can involve various tissues, including the eyes. The ocular surface system is the ocular structure most frequently impaired, and dry eye disease is considered the hallmark of ocular GVHD. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 May/Jun;35(3):e80-e81

Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain.

A 16-year-old girl diagnosed with velocardiofacial syndrome complained of occasional bilateral ocular discharge. Examination revealed an agenesia of the inferior puncti and canaliculi, while the irrigation through the superior puncta was patent on both sides. Dacryocystorhinostomy with insertion of Lester Jones tubes is not considered for the time being because of the absence of epiphora. Read More

Ann Anat 2019 Jul 9;224:1-7. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.

Purpose: To provide a systematic review of the literature on the ultrastructural findings of the lacrimal drainage system in healthy state and in few of the disorders studied so far.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published with reference to electron microscopic features of the lacrimal drainage pathways. Data captured include demographics, study techniques, scanning or transmission electron microscopic features, presumed or confirmed interpretations and their implications. Read More

Ann Anat 2019 May 22;223:90-99. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and clinically relevant review of the lacrimal drainage anatomy in the Japanese population.

Methods: A thorough search on the lacrimal drainage anatomy in the Japanese population was performed using PubMed and Ichushi Web, which is managed by the Japan Medical Abstracts Society, for related studies up to December 2018. Published books on the same topic were also reviewed. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2020 03 22;45(3):241-252. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

: This review examines the broad contexts of the reconstructive and recanalization strategies of the human lacrimal drainage system.: A PubMed search was performed using individually and combination of the terms "lacrimal," "reconstruction", "recanalization," "canaliculus," "canalicular," "stenosis," "obstruction," "block," "drainage," "disorder," "disease," "nasolacrimal duct (NLD)," "endoscopy," "dacryoendoscopy," "trauma," "laceration," "stents," "repair," "tubes," "tear," "eyelid," "Sisler," "trephine," and "trephination". Selections from these lists were the basis of examination of reconstruction and recanalization strategies of multiple lacrimal disorders and their outcomes. Read More

Orbit 2019 Oct 5;38(5):428-431. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Oculoplastic, Facial Cosmetic, and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , Wisconsin , United States.

A 59-year-old Caucasian woman with past medical history significant for Natural Killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the right nasal septum in remission for nine months presented after surveillance PET-CT imaging revealed increased metabolic activity in the right nasolacrimal duct. She also reported ipsilateral epiphora starting around this time. The lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal ductal mucosa were biopsied via an external approach. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Jan;30(1):e52-e54

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital, and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital.

Sarcoidosis rarely develops in the lacrimal sac. Lacrimal sac sarcoidosis may be associated with sarcoidosis-related rhinosinusitis. The anatomical and histological relationship between the lacrimal drainage system and nasal mucosa has been indicated as a predisposing factor for this concomitance. Read More

Ocul Surf 2019 01 9;17(1):20-27. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Neuromodulation is a novel approach that utilizes electrical signals, pharmaceutical agents, or other forms of energy to modulate abnormal neural function through neurostimulation. Neurostimulation is a novel technique that uses electrical currents to stimulate the nervous system. During the recent few decades, neuromodulation has gained significant attention, in particular for the treatment of chronic neurological diseases, due to its success in treating patients unresponsive to conventional pharmacological therapies. Read More

Clin Perinatol 2018 12 18;45(4):751-767. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Room 6161B, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Congenital nasal deformities can cause nasal obstruction with early respiratory distress. Choanal atresia is characterized by no communication between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Pyriform aperture stenosis involves more anterior nasal obstruction with limited intranasal space. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 30;18(1):283. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, 1 Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: Universal ocular screening of infants is not a standard procedure in children's health care system in China. This pilot study investigated prevalence of ocular abnormalities of 6 weeks-age infants using wide-field digital imaging system.

Methods: Infants aged 6 weeks around were consecutively enrolled in a public hospital between April 2015 and August 2016. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Jul/Aug;35(4):342-345

Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Purpose: We present a series of patients with acquired obliteration of one or more components of the proximal lacrimal drainage system, including puncta and canaliculi. This finding was noted with and without other obstructions or stenoses of the lacrimal drainage system. Review of these patients in search of possible risk factors for this condition and histopathology of two patients are presented. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;66(11):1595-1599

Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and patterns of lysosomal enzymes and mannose 6-phosophate receptor (MPRs) in human lacrimal drainage system.

Methods: The study was performed on healthy lacrimal sacs and nasolacrimal ducts obtained from exenteration samples immediately after surgery and frozen at -80°C for subsequent analysis. Soluble proteins' extract was used for enzyme assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), native PAGE, activity staining, and western blot analysis. Read More

Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018 Nov 25;32(6):518-525. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.

Background: The intranasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach (PLRA) access to all aspects of the maxillary sinus while preserving the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct and its use have been reported in the treatment of many maxillary sinus and lateral skull base diseases.

Objective: To retrospectively assess the effectiveness of a 10-year multicenter follow-up for the resection of inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus (IPMS) via a PLRA.

Methods: A total of 71 patients were admitted and underwent IPMS excision via an intranasal endoscopic PLRA from 2003 to 2013. Read More

Orbit 2019 Aug 20;38(4):308-312. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia.

To report a case of a lacrimal sac tumour and describe a prelacrimal approach to the maxillary sinus to excise the nasolacrimal duct in its management. To our knowledge, this approach has not been adapted to remove the nasolacrimal duct for the management of pathological processes involving the nasolacrimal system. A 58-year-old female patient presented with a 6-month history of epiphora. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Nov 3;256(11):2097-2102. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and distribution of epithelial and non-epithelial cholinergic system and cholinergic brush cells in the human lacrimal drainage system.

Methods: The study was performed on fresh frozen human cadaveric samples of the lacrimal drainage system. Immunohistochemistry was performed for assessing the presence and distribution of cholinergic brush cell proteins-villin, acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT); vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT); components of canonical taste transduction signaling cascade, phospholipase C β2 (PLCβ2), and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, and member 5 (TRPM5). Read More

Sci Rep 2018 09 3;8(1):13140. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Woundhealing disorders characterized by impaired or delayed re-epithelialization are a serious medical problem that is painful and difficult to treat. Gelsolin (GSN), a known actin modulator, supports epithelial cell regeneration and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of recombinant gelsolin (rhu-pGSN) for ocular surface regeneration to establish a novel therapy for delayed or complicated wound healing. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 2018 Oct 28;132(10):940-942. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Ophthalmology,Singleton Hospital,Swansea,Wales,UK.

Background: Submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinate is a widely practised procedure to improve the nasal airway when nasal obstruction is due to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate. This paper reports a case of an unusual nasolacrimal complication following submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinate, and reviews the relevant literature.Case reportA 33-year-old male patient developed a patulous nasolacrimal duct opening following submucosal diathermy of the inferior turbinate. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Nov/Dec;34(6):594-597

Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and distribution patterns of 6 surfactant proteins (SPs) in the human lacrimal canaliculus.

Methods: The study was performed on fresh frozen cadaveric samples of canaliculi. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed for assessing the presence and distribution of SP: SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D, SP-G/SFTA2, and SP-H/SFTA3. Read More

Pharm Res 2018 Apr 16;35(6):117. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32307, USA.

Purpose: Poor corneal permeability, nasolacrimal drainage and requirement of chronic administration are major drawbacks of existing therapies for ocular inflammation. Hence, we designed topical micelles of PEG conjugated with cholecalciferol (PEGCCF).

Methods: Integrin targeted tacrolimus loaded PEGCCF micelles (TTM) were prepared by solvent diffusion evaporation method and characterized for particle size, osmolality, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018 Jun 16;275(6):1469-1475. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Department of Otolaryngology, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, 4 Kafr Abdou street # 605, Alexandria, 21529, Egypt.

Purpose: The current management options of congenital pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) are either conservative measures awaiting further growth of the bony nasal framework or surgical intervention that focuses on bone removal from the margin of the pyriform aperture (PA) without exposure of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) followed by stenting. Recently, CT measurements of the nasal cavity in CNPAS have shed light that the site of maximal bony obstruction corresponds to the bony buttress encasing the NLD rather than the margin of the PA as initially thought. Herein, we present an extramucosal pyriplasty technique that can be used without stenting to enlarge the PA and achieve immediate and sustained relief of nasal obstruction. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2018 Mar 23;41(3):206-211. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris V René Descartes University, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS Research Unit FR3636, Paris V University, 75005 Paris, France.

Background: Tearing and conjunctivitis in children are commonly due to lacrimal drainage system obstruction. Congenital nasolacrimal obstruction is a common pathology treated by probing with or without silicone stent insertion, depending upon the age of the child. The silicone stent is self-retaining and placed for at least one month. Read More

BMC Immunol 2018 01 25;19(1). Epub 2018 Jan 25.

Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Hospital Göttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany.

Background: The lymphatic vascular pattern in the head of mice has rarely been studied, due to problems of sectioning and immunostaining of complex bony structures. Therefore, the association of head lymphoid tissues with the lymphatics has remained unknown although the mouse is the most often used species in immunology.

Results: Here, we studied the association of nasal and nasolacrimal duct lymphatics with lymphoid aggregates in 14-day-old and 2-month-old mice. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 8;38(6):2463-2469. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

Institute of Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the morphometry of the lacrimal drainage system with reference to bony landmarks in the vicinity.

Methods: Twenty midsaggitalized heads obtained from sixteen preserved cadavers were studied. Measurements involved detailed morphometry of anterior and posterior lacrimal crests, bony lacrimal sac fossa, entrance and length of the bony nasolacrimal duct (NLD), attachment of Horner's muscle, and characteristics of the inferior meatal opening of the NLD. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018 Jan/Feb;34(1):86-89

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of elastic fibers in lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct of Japanese cadavers.

Methods: We examined 8 lacrimal sacs and nasolacrimal ducts of 7 Japanese cadavers (4 right sides, 4 left sides; 3 males, 4 females; average age of 89 years at death) that were preserved with 10% buffered formalin. The harvested specimens were transversely sectioned. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2017 Nov;28(8):e725-e728

*Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology †Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.

Objective: The cleft lip/palate (CLP) deformity negatively affects the anatomy of the nasal cavity and maxilla. The effects of this deformity on the lacrimal system have been unidentified yet. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric changes in the nasolacrimal duct using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients with unilateral CLP. Read More

Orbit 2017 Dec 24;36(6):441-444. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

b The Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Department of Wills Eye Hospital , Thomas Jefferson University Hospital , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.

Presented is a rare case of basaloid adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal sac. Low grade features of this malignancy permitted a conservative surgical approach to maximize functional and cosmetic outcomes. This is retrospective case description of a single 77-year-old-female patient who underwent a dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tubes at an outside hospital for epiphora, but was referred to the Wills Eye Hospital Oculoplastics Department for a lacrimal sac biopsy showing low-grade carcinoma with basaloid features. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2017 Jun;80(3):172-175

Department of Ophthalmology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: To compared the ultrasound findings of the lacrimal sac between subjects with normal lacrimal systems those with chronic dacryocystitis.

Methods: A retrospective study of 10 subjects with a normal lacrimal system (Group 1) and 10 with chronic dacryocystitis (Group 2) diagnosed according to B-mode ultrasound with a 10-MHz transducer and the direct-contact technique (AVISO, Quantel Medical) for lacrimal sac assessment. We analyzed the dimensions, features, and content of the sacs. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Sep/Oct;33(5):381-388

*Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, and †Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and distribution patterns of hormone receptors in the lacrimal drainage system in normal and diseased states.

Methods: The study was performed on cadaveric and clinical samples of the lacrimal drainage system. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed for assessing the presence and distribution of receptors of estrogen alpha, estrogen beta, aromatase (CYP19), testosterone, progesterone, oxytocin, prolactin, and somatostatins 1 to 5 (SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5). Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017 ;58(2):537-544

Department of Neurosurgery, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania;

Purpose: Chronic dacryocystitis (CD) is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct with a long-standing evolution. The aims of this study were to analyze the epidemiology and to evaluate the histopathological features and the chronic inflammation score (CIS) system of chronic dacryocystitis in the region of Moldavia, Romania, over a period of 16 years.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of all pathological reports of chronic dacryocystitis from the Department of Pathology, "Prof. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2017 Jan-Feb;28(1):105-108

Director and Consultant, Balaji Dental and Craniofacial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Tessier facial clefts are among the rarest facial clefts reported in literature and many contradicting issues have always been rising over the management and surgical approaches involved during the craniofacial cleft repair. Among the craniofacial clefts Tessier no. 4 is an extremely rare facial anomaly, and there are very few evidence which clearly describe the surgical approaches and techniques. Read More

Orbit 2017 Jun 8;36(3):137-143. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

a Govindram Seksaria of Dacryology , L. V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India.

The aim of this study was to illustrate the surgical techniques and utility of stereotactic or image-guided navigation in the management of lacrimal drainage obstruction in congenital arhinia-microphtalmia syndrome and review the relevant literature. Image-guided combined external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy was performed in a female, aged 16 years with congenital partial arhinia and ipsilateral microphthalmus. The lacrimal sac was bypassed to the contra lateral nasal cavity through a septal window. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2018 Feb 21;38(1):323-326. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the cytologic features of conjunctival epithelium in patients with unilateral primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) using impression cytology.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with unilateral PANDO for at least 1 year were enrolled in this study. The healthy eyes of the patients are assessed as control group. Read More

Sleep Med 2017 01 5;29:35-36. Epub 2016 Nov 5.

University of Helsinki, Department of Ophthalmology, Finland.

Clin Ophthalmol 2017 30;11:127-133. Epub 2016 Dec 30.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology.

Aim: The aim of this study was to report the preliminary experience with the techniques and utility of navigation-guided, 3D, computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG) in the management of secondary acquired lacrimal drainage obstructions.

Methods: Stereotactic surgeries using CT-DCG as the intraoperative image-guiding tool were performed in 3 patients. One patient had nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) following a complete maxillectomy for a sinus malignancy, and the other 2 had NLDO following extensive maxillofacial trauma. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2016 Sep-Oct;79(5):333-335

Department of Ophthalmology, Costa del Sol Hospital, Marbella, Malaga, Spain.

Lacrimal sac tumors are rare with a clinical presentation that typically includes obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system and epiphora as the most frequent symptom. Cribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland and minor salivary glands; however, its occurrence in the lacrimal drainage apparatus is extremely rare. Given the rarity of ACC, definitive diagnosis is almost invariably late conferring a poor prognosis. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2017 Apr 9;31(4):657-660. Epub 2016 Dec 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

PurposeTo highlight the clinical and surgical considerations in treating patients with apparent recurrent acute dacryocystitis with a patent lacrimal system.MethodsThree children referred to a tertiary unit as recurrent acute dacryocystitis were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging and subsequent surgical intervention revealed the underlying diagnosis. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2016 21;10:2319-2324. Epub 2016 Nov 21.

The Institute of Dacryology.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to report the preliminary experience of using telescopes, which were enabled for navigation guidance, and their utility in complex endoscopic lacrimal surgeries.

Methods: Navigation enabling of the telescope was achieved by using the AxiEM™ malleable neuronavigation shunt stylet. Image-guided dacryolocalization was performed in five patients using the intraoperative image-guided StealthStation™ system in the electromagnetic mode. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2017 Apr 2;31(4):560-565. Epub 2016 Dec 2.

Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China.

PurposeTo report long-term outcomes of punch punctoplasty utilizing the Kelly punch and to compare the results with other described methods of punctoplasty in literature.Patients and methodsA retrospective, non-comparative interventional case series of patients who underwent punch punctoplasty at the Hong Kong Eye Hospital over an 8-year period. A standard Kelly Descemet's membrane punch was utilized for punctal enlargement in all cases. Read More

Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017 Feb 21;17(1):1-8. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.

The main purpose of this paper is to provide the information about the incidence and types of pathology of secondary acquired obstructions of the lacrimal excretory outflow system caused by primary lacrimal sac non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. After a thorough literature search, 17 case-control studies were found and selected, data were extracted and categorized, to evaluate specific lacrimal sac pathology mimicking inflammation. A total of 3865 histopathologically examined lacrimal sac wall biopsy specimens from 3662 patients, taken during dacryocystorhinostomy for clinically presumed primary chronic dacryocystitis, were analyzed. Read More

J Med Liban 2016 Oct-Dec;64(4):223-7

The dacryoscanner is the imaging technique of choice in case of persistent tearing. It allows the opacification of nasolacrimal system, and thus determines the site and the origin of obstruction. The site could be the lacrimal canaliculus, the lacrimal sac, or the nasolacrimal duct. Read More