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Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 12:1120672121994721. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To evaluate the various surgical modalities of congenital lacrimal fistula and assess the mutual effect of lacrimal fistula and lacrimal drainage abnormality on the individual surgical outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort and case-control study, 74 eyes from 63 patients with lacrimal fistula who underwent surgical management between 2000 and 2015 at three medical centers were enrolled. The data collected included sex, age, preoperative symptoms, presence of concurrent lacrimal drainage abnormality, surgical methods, and surgical outcomes. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020 Nov 19:1-6. Epub 2020 Nov 19.

Moorfields Eye Hospital Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

: To report the prevalence of the perinatal ocular disease in healthy infants referred to a referral eye centre in the Middle East region for comprehensive ocular examinations.: All healthy full-term babies born at a tertiary care women's and children hospital were referred to Moorfields Eye Hospital Centre in Abu Dhabi (MEHCAD), the United Arab Emirates for comprehensive ocular examination between January 2018 and April 2019. The examination included red-reflex testing, external, anterior and dilated posterior segment examination, and refraction. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020 11;61(13)

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, China.

Purpose: Obstruction of the tear drainage causes a range of ocular surface disorders. Hitherto, the genetics of tear duct development and obstruction has been scarcely explored, and related animal models are lacking. This study aims to study the potential role of the Wnt/PCP pathway mediated by Prickle 1 in tear duct development and diseases. Read More

Ann Anat 2021 Jan 21;233:151613. Epub 2020 Oct 21.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, India. Electronic address:

Background: To review and update the syndromic and non-syndromic systemic associations of congenital lacrimal drainage anomalies.

Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English on congenital lacrimal drainage anomalies (CLDA). The current review provides an update from January 2017 to August 2020 on all CLDA associated with clinical syndromes or non-syndromic systemic disorders. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Dec 15;139:110448. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: Epiphora is a common presenting complaint in infants affecting up to 6% of infants in the United States. It is most frequently due to congenital anomalies of the nasolacrimal duct system, termed congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Nasolacrimal duct probing is widely accepted as the primary surgical intervention in cases that fail conservative management. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Dec 28;139:110407. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, India. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the profiles and outcomes of complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (C-CNLDO).

Methods: Retrospective interventional case-series was performed on patients diagnosed with C-CNLDO and managed at a tertiary care Dacryology Institute from Jan 2016 to June 2019. Complex CNLDO was diagnosed based on intraoperative findings during probing and are defined as entities where CNLDO is secondary to, or associated with complex embryonic entities like buried probe, mal-development or non-development of bony NLD, additional proximal lacrimal dysgenesis, atonic sac, or associated craniofacial syndromes and craniofacial dysostosis. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2020 11 18;182(11):2641-2645. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Integrated Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, affecting 1/700 live births. Among the clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of visual disorders that, if left untreated, can negatively affect child development. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ophthalmological findings among patients who attended an outpatient clinic for patients with Down syndrome in southern Brazil between 2005 and 2016. Read More

Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2020 09 10;184(3):611-617. Epub 2020 Sep 10.

Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

To report ophthalmic findings of patients without colobomas, and with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of CHARGE Syndrome. Retrospective study of ophthalmic findings in 67 CHARGE patients-clinically confirmed diagnosis with positive CHD7 mutation-seen in the Ophthalmology department of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 1, 2008 through September 25, 2018. Criteria for inclusion in this study was absence of any form of a coloboma in either eye. Read More

Orbit 2020 Sep 8:1-4. Epub 2020 Sep 8.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad-34, India.

Purpose: To present first of its kind series on the clinical features and outcomes of lacrimal drainage disorders in Peters anomaly and Peters plus syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all consecutive patients who were known cases of Peters anomaly or Peters plus anomaly and were diagnosed with associated congenital lacrimal drainage disorders. The study period was from June 2016 to Dec 2020. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Oct;31(7):1991-1994

Department of Ophthalmology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital.

Purpose: To investigate whether impaired lacrimal pump function is a possible cause of discharge in patients wearing an artificial eye compared with the remaining healthy eye.

Methods: Consecutive patients wearing unilateral ocular prosthesis for ≥6 months were included in this retrospective study. Excluded were any deformities of eyelids or nasal passage, socket complications such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, infection, pyogenic granuloma, contracted socket, obstruction of nasolacrimal duct diagnosed with lacrimal irrigation and a difference greater than 2 mm in terms of protrusion between two eyes detected by Hertel exophthalmometry. Read More

Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2020 ;84(3):97-101

Federal Center for Neurosurgery, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Successful treatment of direct spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula in a 9-month-old child and review of the literature devoted to this issue are reported in the manuscript. Spontaneous high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula is extremely rare in children. Detailed diagnosis of the fistulae includes CT-angiography and cerebral subtraction angiography. Read More

J Prim Care Community Health 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720907430

University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Vision screening in infants is an important part of the medical care of children as some eye abnormalities, if not treated in the first few months or years of life, can lead to irreversible vision loss. The objective of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to identify ocular anomalies among infants attending immunization clinics in Nigeria and refer promptly and appropriately. Infants were screened across 6 immunization clinics. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Mar/Apr;31(2):385-388

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the postoperative complications of box-shift osteotomy performed at our center for Chinese orbital hypertelorism patients from 2008 to 2017.

Method: This retrospective study reviews the records of 78 patients with complete medical records and at least 2 years of postoperative follow-up data. Both radiologic and anthropometric assessments were conducted before, 1 month after and 2 years after surgery to evaluate the bony and soft-tissue alterations. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jan 15;12(1):e6672. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.

Introduction Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is one of the most common congenital abnormalities encountered by pediatric ophthalmologists, occurring in 20-30% of all neonates (range: 6-84%). The majority of the cases (up to 90%) resolve within the first year of birth. Many syndromes, such as Down syndrome, are associated with congenital lacrimal anomalies. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020 Jan;57(1):44-47

Purpose: To report outcomes of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) probing in children 4 years and older with simple membranous NLD obstruction.

Methods: The records of all patients 4 years and older with congenital NLD obstruction who underwent surgery from 1997 to 2015 at Washington University School of Medicine were retrospectively reviewed. Of 47 patients reviewed, 18 (38. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020 Jan;57(1):39-43

Purpose: To investigate the presence of amblyopia risk factors in newborns with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and age-matched healthy control subjects.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study involved newborns aged 30 to 60 days with CNLDO and age-matched healthy control subjects. Amblyopia risk factors were identified in accordance with the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Vision Screening Committee recommendations. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 30;31(2):334-339. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to report the outcome of balloon catheter dilation as the primary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children of all ages.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective study of 148 children (270 eyes), aged 9 to 159 months (mean age: 29.6 ± 17. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Dec 3;19(1):244. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Dong Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) to treat congenital nasolacrimal canal dysplasia (CNCD).

Methods: Forty children (50 eyes) with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and lacrimal bony dysplasia, including 8 children with bony atresia (10 eyes) and 32 with bony stenosis (40 eyes), were recruited in this retrospective study. Standardized EN-DCR was performed in all cases. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 26;31(2):NP12-NP14. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

Bilateral Tessier cleft types 3 and 4 are rare and commonly involve the lacrimal drainage system owing to their anatomical location. Such clefts commonly present with associated ocular anomalies and include colobomatous eyelids, hypertelorism, microphthalmia, punctal or canalicular agenesis, and nasolacrimal duct obstruction or exstrophy. The current report presents an 18-month-old baby with bilateral Tessier cleft 3 with a unilateral anophthalmos, symmetrical eyelid colobomas, and lacrimal drainage anomalies. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 22;31(2):NP8-NP11. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: The aim of reporting this case is to describe a rare combination of blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A variety of lacrimal anomalies have been seen in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome but the occurrence of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is rare.

Method: The blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome is an autosomal dominant rare genetic defect with clinical manifestation of dysplasia of the eyelids, palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, and ptosis. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2020 Nov 19;30(6):1228-1231. Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to research the relationship between types of birth and congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Method: The study enrolled 665 infantile patients with prediagnosis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to associated ophthalmic symptoms. Age, gender, family history, delivery type, and patient medical records were investigated. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019 Nov;56(6):365-372

Purpose: To investigate the success rate of probing for young children with nasolacrimal duct obstructions and the risk factors involved.

Methods: The medical records of 3,143 patients (3,928 eyes) who received nasolacrimal duct probing in southwest China were collected. These included delivery method, age and gender, preoperative treatments, anesthesia methods, probing procedure, and follow-up clinical records. Read More

Orbit 2020 Aug 6;39(4):298-301. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa , MP, India.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a common variation of ectodermal dysplasia, characterized by hypohidrosis (or anhidrosis), hypotrichosis, hypodontia, and other distinct facial features. Furthermore, ocular tissues of ectodermal origin may also be affected in this disease. The most common ocular manifestations of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia are dry eye, madarosis, alterations in the meibomian glands, abnormalities in the nasolacrimal duct, and infantile glaucoma. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2020 08 1;104(8):1161-1163. Epub 2019 Nov 1.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate spontaneous resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) beyond 12 months of age in Japanese infants.

Methods: Retrospective, observational case series. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with CNLDO beyond 12 months of age at Kyoto Prefectural University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Jan/Feb;36(1):e17-e19

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, India.

The common ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome include colobomatous defects in the eye, strabismus, nystagmus, and micropthalmia. Lacrimal drainage anomalies have been rarely reported and to the best of the authors' knowledge, only 5 such cases have been reported earlier. The present case describes CHARGE syndrome associated with bilateral complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with multiple prior attacks of acute dacryocystitis and left lower punctal agenesis, successfully managed with a right-sided dacryocystorhinostomy and awaiting a left dacryocystorhinostomy. Read More

Orbit 2020 Jun 3;39(3):155-159. Epub 2019 Jul 3.

Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.

: To study the prevalence and types of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) anomalies inchildren with congenital microphthalmia anophthalmia coloboma (MAC) complex.: This is a prospective, consecutive, non-comparative, case series of LDS anomalies in 31 children presenting with MAC complex. Previously untreated children with MAC complex, enrolled for socket surface and volume expansion during the study period from January 2017 to April 2018 were included. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 Sep;30(5):364-371

Eye Department, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose Of Review: After failed conservative management, most clinicians treat congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in a conventional stepwise fashion: starting with probing, then repeat probing, next silicone intubation and/or balloon dilatation, and finally dacryocystorhinostomy. This approach is based on the patient's age and previously failed procedures and recruits 'one procedure for all' CNLDO. A newly introduced approach is based on the type of obstruction and recruits 'all procedures for one' CNLDO. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Nov/Dec;35(6):594-599

Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants maladies, Paris, France.

Purpose: To study the CT appearance of the nasolacrimal canal (NLC) in cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) where there is a tactile sensation of a hard contact (HC) stop in the duct preventing stent intubation.

Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed all consecutive cases of chronic CNLDO observed between 2003 and 2018 in which an apparent HC obstruction prevented nasolacrimal intubation. CT scans were reviewed to determine the cause of probing failure: distal stenosis, loss of parallelism of the NLC walls, abnormal angulations or an adjacent obstacle blocking tear outflow. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2019 Jun;33(3):287-293

Department of Ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of ocular diseases in infants visiting the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, from January 2015 to May 2016. The study included 377 infants ranging in age from 1 day to less than 1 year who were, selected by a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. Read More