J Cosmet Dermatol 2017 Feb 6. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, the Czech Republic.

Background: Although keratin hydrolysates have become established as standard components in hair and nail cosmetics, studies on the moisturizing effects of keratin hydrolysates do not appear among contemporary literature.

Objectives: To test if adding keratin hydrolysate into an ointment base increases hydration of the skin and improves skin barrier function, or diminishes trans-epidermal water loss.

Methods: Formulations were prepared containing 2%, 4%, and 6% keratin hydrolysates (based on weight of the ointment base). Read More

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2016 Oct;25(5):548-552

School of Stomatology, Jilin University. Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China.

Purpose: To observe the effects of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) inhibitors on microleakage with wet bonding technique.

Methods: Twenty-seven premolars were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Class Ⅴ cavities were prepared in the neck of the teeth and treated with distilled water, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or 2% monocycline (MI) for 60 seconds. Read More

Pediatrics 2017 Jan 7;139(1). Epub 2016 Dec 7.

Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is an uncommon disorder, the classic triad of which consists of yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory symptoms. Few pediatric cases have been reported. We report a 9-year-old girl with yellowish nail discoloration for 1 year accompanied by respiratory symptoms, including chronic cough, recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. Read More

J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017 Jan 24;28(1). Epub 2016 Nov 24.

School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

In this study, an advanced ceramic conversion surface engineering technology has been applied for the first time to self-drilling Ti6Al4V external fixation pins to improve their performance in terms of biomechanical, bio-tribological and antibacterial properties. Systematic characterisation of the ceramic conversion treated Ti pins was carried out using Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy, nano- and micro-indentation and scratching; the biomechanical and bio-tribological properties of the surface engineered Ti pins were evaluated by insertion into high density bone simulation material; and the antibacterial behaviour was assessed with Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571. The experimental results have demonstrated that the surfaces of Ti6Al4V external fixation pins were successfully converted into a TiO2 rutile layer (~2 μm in thickness) supported by an oxygen hardened case (~15 μm in thickness) with very good bonding due to the in-situ conversion nature. Read More

Int J Pharm 2016 Nov;514(1):244-254

UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK. Electronic address:

UV-curable gels, used as nail cosmetics for their in vivo durability, were reported to be promising as topical nail medicines. Our first aim was thus to investigate whether such durability applies to drug-loaded formulations. This was found to be true. Read More

Injury 2016 Nov 7;47(11):2479-2483. Epub 2016 Sep 7.

Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Croatia. Electronic address:

Background: Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are the preferred treatment of displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the non-standard Dorgan's method and compare its results with those of the standard percutaneous cross pinning method in treatment of unstable or irreducible Gartland type II and III supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective evaluation of 138 consecutive patients with Gartland type II or III extension supracondylar humeral fractures referred to University Children's Hospital during a four-year period. Read More

J Dermatol 2016 Nov 6;43(11):1381-1382. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Med Mycol 2017 Jul;55(5):461-475

Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC). School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, s/n, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophytes, moulds, and yeasts. This condition affects around 10-30% people worldwide, negatively influencing patients' quality of life, with severe outcomes in some cases. Since the nail unit acts as a barrier to exogenous substances, its physiological features hampers drug penetration, turning the onychomycosis treatment a challenge. Read More

Environ Pollut 2016 Nov 21;218:723-727. Epub 2016 Aug 21.

Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address:

Adverse health effects of heavy metals are a public health concern, especially lead may cause negative health impacts to human fetal and infantile development. The lead concentrations in Pakistani pregnant women's nails, used as a biomarker, were measured to estimate the lead exposure. Thirteen nail samples out of 84 nails analyzed contained lead higher than the concentration (13. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Sep;75(3):180-4

Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.

Talanta 2016 Oct 19;159:418-24. Epub 2016 Jun 19.

Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; Department of Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan. Electronic address:

Isopropanol (IPA) is an important solvent used in industrial activity often found in hospitals as antiseptic alcohol rub. Also, IPA may have the potential to be a biomarker of diabetic ketoacidosis. In this study, an optical biosensor using NADH-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) for IPA measurement was constructed and evaluated. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2016 Apr 1;9(4):39-44. Epub 2016 Apr 1.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

The nail carries a significant cosmetic impact and plays an integral role in the multi-billion dollar salon industry. This review focuses on nail disorders that are induced by nail cosmetics via procedures, equipment, or materials that are intended to beautify or adorn the nail. The authors give specific attention to clinical presentations that are common, novel, and underreported, but may be misdiagnosed easily by the competent dermatologist. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Sep 11;75(3):157-64. Epub 2016 Jul 11.

Birmingham Skin Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK.

Background: (Meth)acrylates are important causes of contact allergy and allergic contact disease, such as dermatitis and stomatitis, with new and emerging sources resulting in changing clinical presentations.

Objectives: To identify the (meth)acrylates that most commonly cause allergic contact disease, highlight their usefulness for screening, and examine their relationship with occupational and clinical data.

Methods: A retrospective review of results from patch tests performed between July 2002 and September 2015, in one tertiary Cutaneous Allergy Unit, was performed

Results: A series of 28 (meth)acrylates was applied to 475 patients. Read More

Int J Toxicol 2016 Jul;35(1 Suppl):50S-9S

Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (the Panel) assessed the safety of nitrocellulose and collodion as used in cosmetics, concluding that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetic formulations. Both ingredients are used almost exclusively in nail product formulations. The maximum concentration of use of nitrocellulose in nail polish and enamels is 22%; for collodion, the maximum reported concentration of use in nail polish and enamel is 14%. Read More

Bull Cancer 2016 Jul-Aug;103(7-8):612-21. Epub 2016 May 27.

Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique universités, LPiC, MMS, EA2160, faculty of pharmacy, 9, rue Bias, 44000 Nantes, France. Electronic address:

Many different chemotherapy drugs including cytotoxics and docetaxel in particular are responsible for side effects involving the nails. To prevent these negative effects, patients are advised to apply nail polish. The aim of this article is to study the photoprotective effect of various products applied in two layers. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Sep 27;75(3):151-6. Epub 2016 May 27.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV)-curing nail polishes based on acrylates or methacrylates are currently also available for non-professional use. The Swedish Medical Products Agency recently prohibited one brand of UV-curing polish, because several consumers reported undesirable effects after using it.

Objectives: To investigate whether consumers with undesirable effects after using the UV-curing nail polish that was later prohibited were contact allergic to the polish and its individual ingredients. Read More

J Chromatogr A 2016 May 2;1446:134-40. Epub 2016 Apr 2.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Science, CFSAN/HFS-717, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA.

A rapid and sensitive gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated to quantitatively determine cosmetic ingredients, such as toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (benzophenone-1, BP-1), and diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, in nail products. In this procedure, test portions were extracted with acetone, followed by vortexing, sonication, centrifugation, and filtration. During the extraction procedure, BP-1 was derivatized making it amenable to GC-MS analysis, using N,O-​bis(trimethylsilyl)​trifluoroacetamide. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016 Jun 28;69(6):871. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK.

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016 Mar 30;13(4):383. Epub 2016 Mar 30.

EA 4681, PEPRADE (Périnatalité, Grossesse, Environnement, PRAtiques médicales et Developement), University of Auvergne, 28 Place Henri-Dunant BP 38, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.

Cosmetic products contain various chemical substances that may be potential carcinogen and endocrine disruptors. Women's changes in cosmetics use during pregnancy and their risk perception of these products have not been extensively investigated. The main objective of this study was to describe the proportion of pregnant women changing cosmetics use and the proportion of non-pregnant women intending to do so if they became pregnant. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 May;74(5):306-7

Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2016 May 14;143(5):389-96. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

Département interhospitalier de dermatologie, CHU Brugmann-HUDERF, CHU Saint-Pierre, 322, rue Haute, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique.

Cosmetic embellishment of fingernails involves the use of substance that harden either after the evaporation of solvents (varnishes) or after polymerisation (artificial acrylic nails, gel tips, glue-on artificial nails). Pathological reactions to cosmetics usually occur at a remote site for varnishes, and, most commonly, in situ with polymerising substances. Unvarnished artificial nails do not affect pulse oximetry readings, and in theory, patients are not required to remove them. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2016 Oct 9;38(5):476-80. Epub 2016 Mar 9.

L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 188-200 rue Paul Hochart, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France.

Objective: The microbiological contamination risk of a cosmetic product has to be assessed by the manufacturer, according to the composition, to determine whether microbiological testing is required. Certain ingredients in cosmetic formulations help to create an environment hostile towards microbial growth. In this study, the influence on microbial survival of some solvents used in nail varnishes was evaluated. Read More

Mycoses 2016 May 11;59(5):319-26. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Galderma R & D SNC, Sophia Antipolis, France.

As onychomycosis is unsightly, this study clinically evaluated whether the antifungal efficacy of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer (NL) was affected by a masking, natural-coloured, cosmetic nail varnish applied 24 h later; in vitro investigations were also performed. Subjects with mild-to-moderate distal subungual toenail onychomycosis were randomised to receive amorolfine 5% NL once weekly with or without cosmetic nail varnish applied 24 h later. After 12-week treatment, antifungal activity of affected toenail clippings was assessed by measurement of zones of inhibition (ZOIs) on Trichophyton mentagrophytes seeded agar plates. Read More

Mycoses 2016 May 9;59(5):327-30. Epub 2016 Feb 9.

Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

Many topical commercial products are currently available for the treatment of onychomycosis. However, limited data are available concerning their antifungal activity. Using an in vitro onychomycosis model, the daily application of seven nail formulations was compared to the antifungal reference drug amorolfine (Loceryl(®) ) and evaluated for inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes using an agar diffusion test. Read More

J Appl Oral Sci 2015 Nov-Dec;23(6):562-70

Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.

Objective The purpose of this randomized, cross-over, in situ study was to determine the remineralization of demineralized dentin specimens after the application of a 10% fluoride (F-) or a 1% chlorhexidine-1% thymol (CHX-thymol) varnish. Material and Methods Twelve individuals without current caries activity wore removable appliances in the lower jaw for a period of four weeks. Each appliance contained four human demineralized dentin specimens fixed on the buccal aspects. Read More

Eur J Anaesthesiol 2016 Mar;33(3):223-4

From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Burns 2016 Jun 6;42(4):e51-4. Epub 2016 Jan 6.

The Burns Unit, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK. Electronic address:

Artificial (acrylic) nails are popular cosmetic enhancements that provide the user with the appearance of manicured nails, do not chip or crack, and are generally considered very safe to apply. We report three cases where full thickness thermal burns were sustained from nail glue adhesive (cyanoacrylate) during the application of artificial nails. All three cases underwent surgical debridement and split skin graft reconstruction. Read More

J Dent 2016 Apr 7;47:94-7. Epub 2016 Jan 7.

Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Science, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.

Introduction: Quantification of collagen degradation is an important parameter to evaluate dentin caries progression or the efficacy of caries prevention aid. The aim of this study was to validate the simple light microscopic technique (LM) to evaluate collagen degradation by comparing with hydroxyproline assay technique (HPN).

Materials And Methods: Bovine root dentin blocks were embedded in acrylic resin, polished and covered with nail varnish except a 1. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Feb;74(2):120-2

Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK.

J Cosmet Sci 2015 Sep-Oct;66(5):313-23

Cosmetics are one of the most common reasons for hospital referrals with allergic contact dermatitis. Because of the increased use of cosmetics within the population and an increase in allergy cases, monitoring of heavy metals, especially allergen metals, is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of allergen metals, nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr), in the most commonly used cosmetic products including mascara, eyeliner, eye shadow, lipstick, and nail polish. Read More

Am J Dent 2015 Oct;28(5):268-72

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of brushing using toothpastes marketed under different categories on abrasion of sound and eroded enamel in vitro at nanometer scale using a white light interferometer (WLI).

Methods: Enamel surface of resin-embedded bovine incisors were fine polished with diamond slurry and divided into testing area (approximately 2 mm x 4 mm) and reference area using a nail varnish. The enamel specimens were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 10 each); six of which were subjected to erosive challenge. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2016 Feb 10;34(2):335-7. Epub 2015 Nov 10.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2016 May 1;70(4):640-6. Epub 2015 Dec 1.

Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Osong, Chungcheongbuk-do, 361-709, Korea.

Benzophenone (BP) derivatives are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) for protection from ultraviolet radiation. Because of their broad applications, BP derivatives have been found in various human bodily fluids. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between urinary concentrations of BP derivatives and PCP use in Korean adults. Read More

Environ Int 2016 Jan 18;86:45-51. Epub 2015 Oct 18.

Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address:

Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is primarily used as either a flame retardant or plasticizer, and is listed as an ingredient in nail polishes. However, the concentration of TPHP in nail polish and the extent of human exposure following applications have not been previously studied. We measured TPHP in ten different nail polish samples purchased from department stores and pharmacies in 2013-2014. Read More

Med Clin North Am 2015 Nov 4;99(6):1195-211. Epub 2015 Sep 4.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 354697, 4225 Roosevelt Way Northeast, 4th Floor, Seattle, WA 98105-6920, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviewed some of the more common diseases of the skin appendages that are encountered in medicine: hyperhidrosis, acne, AA, FPHL, AGA, and TE. The pathophysiology behind the conditions and their treatments were discussed so that the clinician can make logical therapeutic choices for their affected patients. Read More

Anaesthesia 2015 Oct;70(10):1205

Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.

Contact Dermatitis 2016 Feb 1;74(2):112-4. Epub 2015 Sep 1.

Department of Dermatology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2015 Oct;29(19):1765-73

Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, Jubelpark 1, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.

Rationale: In forensic investigation, radiocarbon ((14)C) measurements of human tissues (i.e., nails and hair) can help determine the year-of-death. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2016 Apr 23;170(2):476-84. Epub 2015 Aug 23.

Department of Pharmacy, University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, 81dr Zoran Đinđić Boulevard, Niš, 18000, Serbia.

The origins of the usage of different substances in beauty, skin, body, hair, and nails care products can be found in ancient times. To achieve better quality and enhance their effects, some additives such as preservatives, stabilizers, mineral pigments, dye, and shine were added to these products. Some of these substances may also have allergic, irritating, and harmful effects on human health. Read More

J Colloid Interface Sci 2015 Nov 18;458:79-86. Epub 2015 Jul 18.

Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.

The surface free energy and geometrical structure are two important factors to govern the surface wettability. However, the design and simple synthesis of materials with specific surface free energy and geometrical structure, and their elaborate regulations are still a key challenge. Herein, through one-step thermal evaporation method, we successfully synthesized aligned arrays of highly crystallized ZnO with modulated nail structures on the stainless steel meshes for the first time. Read More

Int J Pharm 2015 Aug 14;492(1-2):177-90. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK. Electronic address:

Nail diseases are common, cause significant distress and treatments are far from successful. Our aim was to investigate the potential of UV-curable gels - currently used as cosmetics - as topical drug carriers for their treatment. These formulations have a long residence on the nail, which is expected to increase patient compliance and the success of topical therapy. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2015 Jul;14(7):675-8

Background: Onychomycosis is a common infection of the toenails that causes nail thickening and discoloration. The physical appearance of the infected nail can diminish self-image and negatively impact quality of life. Patients may use nail polish to mask the appearance of infected nails. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2015 Dec 14;37(6):642-50. Epub 2015 Jul 14.

The Sensory Analysis Center, Kansas State University, 1310 Research Park Drive, Manhattan, KS, 66502, U.S.A.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine what sensory factors impact consumers' acceptability of nail polishes, to explore how these sensory factors impact consumers' acceptability of nail polishes, to investigate whether there are any consumer segments according to their overall acceptability on different nail polishes and to scrutinize how the consumer segments are related to the sensory factors.

Methods: Ninety-eight females participated in a nail polish consumer study at Kansas State University. Eight commercial products belonging to four categories - regular (REG), gel (GEL), flake (FLK) and water-based (WAT) - were evaluated. Read More