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Skin Res Technol 2022 Apr 3. Epub 2022 Apr 3.

Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.

Cureus 2022 Jan 19;14(1):e21420. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Infectious Disease, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, USA.

is a pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue infections in people who work with contaminated water, such as fish handlers. infection is mostly limited to patients with compromised immune systems. As per current guidelines, susceptibility testing is not routinely recommended although sporadic cases have been reported with resistance to routinely prescribed anti-tuberculous drugs. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2021 Aug 13;7(5):393-396. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Dermatology, CHU UCL Namur - Sainte Elisabeth Hospital, Namur, Belgium.

Fish pedicures and/or fish manicures are treatments performed in spas involving the use of the living fish . In the last decade, the use of for cosmetic and therapeutic reasons has become increasingly popular. The patients are placed into a bath to control psoriasis, eczema, or other skin conditions, but there is no scientific proof of their effectiveness. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2021 Jun;30(2):91-93

Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.

Fish tank granuloma is a rare skin infection caused by Mycobacterium marinum. It occurs after exposure of skin abrasions to contaminated water or infected fish. The majority of M. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021 Sep 11;35:102391. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:

Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) can cause cutaneous infection. Therapy with active antibiotics for 3 to 6 months is one reasonable treatment. Read More

N Engl J Med 2021 03;384(11):e41

Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China

Acta Derm Venereol 2021 03 11;101(3):adv00414. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Center for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, BE-1120 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail:

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020 27;62:e95. Epub 2020 Nov 27.

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Skins infections caused by Mycobacterium marinum occur only rarely. We report one case of chronic and extensive M. marinum cutaneous infection simulating chromoblastomycosis and review the pertinent literature. Read More

Cureus 2020 Jul 15;12(7):e9208. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

Internal Medicine, Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI) St. Luke's Health Memorial, Livingston, USA.

is a slow-growing photochromatic acid fast bacilli (AFB). Following exposure of injured skin to fish tanks and other aquatic bodies, it usually causes indolent skin and soft tissue infections. Incubation period differs but it is generally long; hence, diagnosis is often missed leading to delay in treatment. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020 06 16;164. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

A 73 year old female presented with five non-painful nodules on the dorsal side of her right lower arm that occured after an infection on her third digit finger after cleaning her aquarium. PCR of the biopsy from on of the nodules shows a mycobacterium marinum infection. Read More

J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2020 Aug 11;20:100166. Epub 2020 May 11.

Division of Clinical Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria have emerged as an important group of pathogens worldwide; however, infections of the hand are rare. Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria are often opportunistic in humans, and notoriously difficult to treat due to intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. Here we reported a case of infection of the hand in a patient who presented with a nodular skin lesion. Read More

BMC Rheumatol 2020 16;4:11. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

1Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis affecting about 1% of the population. With the advent of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs the disease can be well controlled in many cases. Patients, however, are prone to developing infectious complications. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2020 Jan 4;7(1):ofz550. Epub 2020 Jan 4.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Background: is a common but underreported mycobacterial infection. We conducted a large retrospective study to determine risk factors and describe the therapeutic interventions and outcomes in patients with uncomplicated and complicated infection.

Methods: Culture-confirmed infection cases were identified from the Mayo Clinic Clinical Mycology Laboratory from January 1998 to December 2018. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2019 Dec;27(4):278-279

Claudio Conforti, MD, Dermatology Clinic, Hospital Maggiore, Trieste, Italy;

Dear Editor, Mycobacterium (M.) marinum is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium found mainly in saltwater environments. Infection occurs following inoculation of a skin lesion and manifests as a localized granuloma; in fact, the most common cause of infection with M. Read More

Cureus 2019 Oct 28;11(10):e6013. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, FRA.

Atypical mycobacterioses are unusual infections of the skin and other organs caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Fish tank granuloma and swimming pool granuloma are two forms of atypical mycobacterioses caused by Mycobacterium marinum. So far, only a few cases of these infections have been reported in organ transplant patients, and these usually are more severe when compared with atypical mycobacterioses in immunocompetent hosts. Read More

PLoS One 2019 19;14(9):e0221367. Epub 2019 Sep 19.

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Iran.

Objective: Mycobacterium marinum causes a rare cutaneous disease known as fish tank granuloma (FTG). The disease manifestations resemble those associated with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). The aim of this study was to determine whether FTG was the cause of cutaneous lesions in patients who were referred to the Parasitology laboratory of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad to be investigated for CL. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2019 06;180(6):e180

Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.

Dermatol Online J 2019 Mar 15;25(3). Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João EPE, Porto.

A sporotrichoid pattern describes a clinical presentation in which inflammatory nodules spread along the path of lymphatic drainage, being reported in association with several infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory skin conditions. Herein, we report a 65-year-old man presenting with a three-month history of erythematous nodules in a linear distribution along the left hand and forearm. He reported recent rose gardening and regular contact with an aquarium. Read More

Kidney Int 2019 03;95(3):721-722

Department of Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, RTRS "Centaure," Paris, France.

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2018 Dec 1;11(12):48-51. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Ms. Krooks, Dr. Weatherall, and Dr. Markowitz are with the Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine in Boca Raton, Florida.

A 70-year-old, immunocompetent male presented with mildly painful and pruritic erythematous patches and vesicles on the right dorsal aspect of the distal middle finger present for four weeks. Other skin lesions or systemic symptoms were notably absent. The patient failed to respond to valacyclovir, topical triamcinolone acetonide ointment, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cephalexin for presumptive diagnoses of recurrent herpetic whitlow, dyshidrotic eczema, and blistering distal dactylitis, respectively. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2019 Mar 19;58(3):e52-e54. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Dermatology, The Princess Alexandra hospital, Harlow, Essex, UK.

CMAJ 2018 11;190(45):E1332-E1336

Department of Medicine (Bienz, Tomaszewski, McDonald), McGill University Health Centre; Clinical Practice Assessment Unit (McDonald), Montréal, Que.

QJM 2019 Feb;112(2):147

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Germany.

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018 Nov-Dec;36(6):1117. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens; Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Diseases, Athens; and Academy of Athens, Greece.

Zoonoses Public Health 2019 02 24;66(1):164-168. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada.

In July 2015, a cluster of five suspect cases of clinically diagnosed Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) skin infections were reported to the Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit (HKPRDHU), Ontario, Canada, with two additional cases subsequently identified through case finding. All seven cases presented with cutaneous lesions located on the finger, hand and/or elbow regions typical of M. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2018 Jun;160(6):385-393

Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern.

Introduction: Piscine mycobacteriosis is a lethal disease with zoonotic potential, found worldwide in both fresh and marine fish. More than 20 strains of Mycobacterium spp. are known to persist in fish so far, but the pathogenicity is currently unknown for most of them. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 04 30;8(1):6738. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium. The incidence of M. Read More

Infect Chemother 2018 Mar;50(1):59-64

Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Mycobacterium marinum infection in humans occurs mainly as a granulomatous infection after exposure of traumatized skin to contaminated water. It is usually confined to the skin and soft tissue. Disseminated disease involving other organs rarely occurs in immunocompetent patients. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 May 30;16(5):614-616. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.

Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):35-46

f Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig University , Egypt.

Mycobacterium marinum is an opportunistic pathogen inducing infection in fresh and marine water fish. This pathogen causes necrotizing granuloma like tuberculosis, morbidity and mortality in fish. The cell wall-associated lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosates, phenolic glycolipids and ESAT-6 secretion system 1 (ESX-1) are the conserved virulence determinant of the organism. Read More