Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Apr 5;51(2):138-141. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Medical Practice and Research Center.

Herein, we describe the case of a 67-year-old female patient who presented with cough and haemoptysis. Chest computed tomography revealed destruction of the left lower lobe and multiple fungus balls in a bronchiectatic cavity. A left lower lobectomy was performed via thoracotomy. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;93(1):8-18

Dermatologic Surgery Clinic and Vitiligo Clinic of the Regional Hospital of Asa Norte (HRAN) - Brasília (FD), Brazil.

Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with similar clinical features. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the etiological agents in the tissue, by mycological/bacteriological, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 Mar 20. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic inflammatory process caused either by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). In this retrospective study, we report epidemiologic and histopathological data of mycetoma observed in the Lome Hospital, Togo in a 25-year period (1992-2016).

Methodology: This is a retrospective study, over a period of 25 years, to analyze epidemiological and etiological findings of mycetomas seen in the single laboratory of pathological anatomy of the Lomé, Togo. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2018 Mar 10;22:6-12. Epub 2017 Oct 10.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

is an aerobic, Gram-positive and nonmotile bacterium. It was first isolated in 1941 from the mycetoma and ovaries of the bedbug. The primary strains were named and and are different from the Collins , 1988 classification of the new genus. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Jan 18;4(1):33-35. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, New York, New York.

J Clin Microbiol 2018 Mar 22;56(3). Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico

Mycetoma, a chronic and mutilating subcutaneous infection recognized by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease, has been reported in >25 countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Latin America, is assumed to be the prevalent fungal agent. Recent molecular studies have shown that this is an environmental saprobe in Europe, where it is rarely implicated in human diseases. Read More

Radiology 2018 01;286(1):353-359

From the Departments of Radiodiagnosis (Z.N., N.M.), Plastic Surgery (A.B.), and Microbiology (R.S.K.M.), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226014.

History A 21-year-old man presented with swelling of the medial aspect of the left thigh of 1-month duration. There was no history of fever or penetrating injury in the left thigh. The patient had undergone renal transplantation 7 years earlier and had been taking immunosuppressants since transplantation. Read More

Persoonia 2017 Jun 2;38:1-19. Epub 2016 Aug 2.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Beijing, P.R. China.

as defined by its type species is a genus of , and a member of the group known as 'black yeasts and relatives'. has been reported from mutilating human infections such as chromoblastomycosis, disseminated phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma, while morphologically similar fungi are rather commonly isolated from the environment. Phenotypes are insufficient for correct species identification, and molecular data have revealed significant genetic variation within the complex of species currently identified as or . Read More

Lung 2018 Feb 15;196(1):1-10. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Thomaz Cameron, 438, Valparaiso, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 25685-120, Brazil.

Aspergilloma, also known as mycetoma or fungus ball, is characterized by a round or oval mass with soft-tissue attenuation within a preexisting lung cavity. The typical computed tomography (CT) aspect of an aspergilloma is a mass separated from the wall of the cavity by an airspace of variable size and shape, resulting in the air crescent sign, also known as the meniscus sign. This CT feature is non-specific and can be simulated by several other entities that result in intracavitary masses. Read More

J Mycol Med 2017 Dec 6;27(4):577-581. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Identification of dematiaceous fungi responsible for black-grain mycetoma has remained cumbersome and time consuming for years leading to delayed diagnosis and thereby increased agony to patients. Moreover, difficult morphology of some of these fungi demanding enough expertise for species identification in addition to culture-negativity has often led to misdiagnosis and hence inapt treatment to the patients. We report the identification of Madurella mycetomatis from culture-negative black granules discharged from foot nodular lesions of a 27 years old male using PCR followed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Jun;56(4):469-478

ErasmusMC Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Wytemaweg 80 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Mycetoma is a tropical neglected disease characterized by large subcutaneous lesions in which the causative organisms reside in the form of grains. The most common causative agent is Madurella mycetomatis. Antifungal therapy often fails due to these grains, but to identify novel treatment options has been difficult since grains do not form in vitro. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Apr;56(suppl_1):153-164

Rotterdam Centre for Tropical Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

On 28th May 2016, mycetoma was recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. This was the result of a 4-year journey starting in February 2013 with a meeting of global mycetoma experts. Knowledge gaps were identified and included the incidence, prevalence, and mapping of mycetoma; the mode of transmission; the development of methods for early diagnosis; and better treatment. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2018 Feb 29;94(1108):126. Epub 2017 Sep 29.

Department of Dermatology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Hospital Universitario 'Dr. José Eleuterio González', Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 09 28;11(9):e0005737. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

The Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

S Afr J Surg 2017 Jun;55(2):36

Department of Surgery, Livingstone Hospital, Walter Sisulu University (WSU).

Mycetoma is a chronic infection, characterised by severe disability and discomfort to patients. This condition is common throughout tropical regions of the world. The Indian subcontinent and north-east Africa, especially Sudan, bear the majority of the disease burden. Read More

Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2017 Apr 4;4(2):168-171. Epub 2017 Apr 4.

New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.

Open Microbiol J 2017 30;11:112-125. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México.

Introduction: spp. are common soil-inhabiting bacteria that frequently infect humans through traumatic injuries or inhalation routes and cause infections, such as actinomycetoma and nocardiosis, respectively. is the main aetiological agent of actinomycetoma in various countries. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Aug 24;11(8):e0005638. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

The Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Mycetoma is a unique neglected tropical disease caused by a substantial number of microorganisms of fungal or bacterial origins. Identification of the causative organism and the disease extension are the first steps in the management of the affected patients and predicting disease treatment outcome and prognosis. Different laboratory-based diagnostic tools and techniques were developed over the years to determine and identify the causative agents. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2017 Jul-Aug;62(4):332-340

Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Mycetoma is a localized chronic, suppurative, and deforming granulomatous infection seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It is a disorder of subcutaneous tissue, skin and bones, mainly of feet, characterized by a triad of localized swelling, underlying sinus tracts, and production of grains or granules. Etiological classification divides it into eumycetoma caused by fungus, and actinomycetoma caused by bacteria. Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017 3;59:e55. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Servicio de Dermatología, Ciudad de México, México.

Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease, classified into eumycetoma caused by fungi and actinomycetoma due to aerobic filamentous actinomycetes. Mycetoma can be found in geographic areas near the Tropic of Cancer. Mexico is one of the countries in which actinomycetoma is endemic. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017 Jul 20;5(4):470-472. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Friedrichstrasse 41, 01067, Dresden, Germany.

Background: Nocardiosis is caused by an aerobic actinomycete, most commonly introduced through the respiratory tract. The are gram-positive, partially acid-fast bacteria. Primary cutaneous nocardiosis infections are rare and caused by the traumatic introduction of organisms percutaneously. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2017 Nov 31;17(11):e367-e377. Epub 2017 Jul 31.

Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Fungi often infect mammalian hosts via the respiratory route, but traumatic transcutaneous implantation is also an important source of infections. Environmental exposure to spores of pathogenic fungi can result in subclinical and unrecognised syndromes, allergic manifestations, and even overt disease. After traumatic cutaneous inoculation, several fungi can cause neglected mycoses such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, entomophthoramycosis, and lacaziosis. Read More

Vet Dermatol 2017 Dec 23;28(6):629-e155. Epub 2017 Jul 23.

VetAgro Sup, Veterinary Campus of Lyon, University of Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic, proliferative lesion of cutaneous/subcutaneous tissue characterized by draining tracts and granules in the discharge caused by actinomycetes (actinomycetoma) or filamentous fungi (eumycotic mycetoma).

Objectives: This case report describes the unusual finding of a cutaneous mycetoma of the lateral wing of the right nostril in a gelding.

Animal: A 16-year-old Fjord gelding with suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was presented for evaluation of a nonpainful, firm and raised mass involving the lateral wing of the right nostril and the lip. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 Jun;96(6):1355-1361

Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

AbstractMycetoma is a chronic soft tissue infection caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Cases in developed countries outside the mycetoma belt are rare and usually imported by immigrants. Sporadic cases have been reported in Israel. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017 Sep 7;159(9):1589-1595. Epub 2017 Jul 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 1305 York Avenue, 9th Floor, Box #99, New York, NY, 10021, USA.

Stereotactic needle biopsy, a standard of care for acquiring deep-seated pathology, has limitations and risks in some situations. We present an uncommon case with basal ganglia dematiaceous mycetoma. Due to the firm consistency of the lesion, the initial stereotactic needle biopsy failed to provide a diagnosis. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2017 Jul;55(7):2292

Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint Mandé, France.

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2017;82(3):22-24

I.K. Akhunbaev ENT Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, 720020.

The objective of the present study was the analysis of the health status of 20 patients presenting with histologically verified paranasal sinuses mycetomas (fungus balls) with special reference to CT-semiotics characteristic of the fungal ball as early as during the pre-verification period. The surgical strategy for the management of this condition has been substantiated. It is concluded that the final verification of the pathological process in question is possible only based on the results of the histological studies. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2017 Jan-Feb;7(1):12-15

Department of Orthopaedics, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection. It is caused by actinomycetes or fungi. It is common in tropical countries and males. Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017 Jun 13. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

BluePearl Veterinary Partners LLC, New York, NY.

A 5-year-old, spayed female, Basset Hound was referred for evaluation of a urinary bladder mass. Ultrasonographic images revealed a large, inhomogeneous, hypoechoic mass associated with the dorsal wall of the neck of the urinary bladder and left ureter. Partial cystectomy and left ureteral reimplantation were performed. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2017 Jun;5(3)

Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.

Fungi must meet four criteria to infect humans: growth at human body temperatures, circumvention or penetration of surface barriers, lysis and absorption of tissue, and resistance to immune defenses, including elevated body temperatures. Morphogenesis between small round, detachable cells and long, connected cells is the mechanism by which fungi solve problems of locomotion around or through host barriers. Secretion of lytic enzymes, and uptake systems for the released nutrients, are necessary if a fungus is to nutritionally utilize human tissue. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2017 Aug 7;55(8):2521-2528. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

PHE Mycology Reference Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Eumycetoma, a chronic fungal infection endemic in India, Indonesia, and parts of Africa and South and Central America, follows traumatic implantation of saprophytic fungi and frequently requires radical surgery or amputation in the absence of appropriate treatment. Fungal species that can cause black-grain mycetomas include spp., spp. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2017 Jul 1;5(4):e00243. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Department of Respiratory MedicineCork University HospitalCorkIreland.

A 76-year-old male non-smoker presented to our institution with cough and haemoptysis. He had been treated for cavitatory pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the right upper lobe 10 years previously. Chest radiograph and subsequent computed tomography (CT) of the chest demonstrated a right upper cavity containing a mass suspicious for mycetoma. Read More

J Mycol Med 2017 Sep 31;27(3):417-420. Epub 2017 May 31.

Centre Pasteur, laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologique, Yaoundé, Cameroun.

Background: Mycetoma are rare cutaneous affections caused by pathogens such as fungi or bacteria. They settle preferentially on limb extremities. We are going to talk about an original case of mycetoma in a young Cameroonian trader. Read More

Med Mycol J 2017 ;58(2):E71-E77

Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital.

Understanding deep cutaneous fungal infection requires not only reading many case reports and checking the typical clinical images of skin lesions, but also managing the patients properly to prevent misdiagnosis. Herein, I review my recent experiences with eight typical cases of deep cutaneous infections (including protothecosis and nocardiosis) in Japan. It is very important to do the four management processes; namely, KOH direct microscopic examination, skin biopsy, fungal culture, and microscopic examination of the histopathological specimen of PAS and Grocott staining. Read More

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017 ;149(5):225-230

BMJ 2017 05 3;357:j2061. Epub 2017 May 3.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Apr 20;11(4):e0005509. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

The Mycetoma Research Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre on Mycetoma, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017 Apr 14;16(1):31. Epub 2017 Apr 14.

MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.

Background: Scedosporium apiospermum is an emerging opportunistic filamentous fungus, which is notorious for its high levels of antifungal-resistance. It is able to cause localized cutaneous or subcutaneous infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons, pulmonary infections in patients with predisposing pulmonary diseases and invasive mycoses in immunocompromised patients. Subcutaneous infections caused by this fungus frequently show chronic mycetomatous manifestation. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Apr 13;11(4):e0005360. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Trop Med Int Health 2017 06 2;22(6):696-702. Epub 2017 May 2.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Objective: To determine whether combination therapy would improve therapeutic outcome in eumycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis.

Methods: Survival, colony-forming units (CFU), melanisation and histopathology in M. mycetomatis-infected Galleria mellonella larvae treated with amphotericin B, itraconazole, terbinafine or combinations thereof were determined. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2017 Sep 21;53(9):527-528. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Sección de Neumología, Hospital General San Jorge, Huesca, España. Electronic address:

Cutis 2017 Feb;99(2):E11-E15

Dawson Medical Group, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.

Mycetoma is a chronic infection that develops after traumatic inoculation of the skin with either true fungi or aerobic actinomycetes. The resultant infections are known as eumycetoma or actinomycetoma, respectively. Although actinomycetoma is rare in developed countries, migration of patients from endemic areas makes knowledge of this condition crucial for dermatologists worldwide. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017 Mar;27(3):S8-S10

Department of Radiology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad.

Mycetoma is a slowly progressive localised, granulomatous, subcutaneous tissue infection common among adult males aged 20 - 50 years. The causing agents include both bacteria (actinomycetoma) and fungi (eumycetoma). This chronic infection was described in literature as Madura foot and eventually mycetoma, due to its etiology. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017 Jun 13;274(6):2493-2497. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

Head and Neck Surgery & Forensic Dissection Research Center (HNS&FDRC), Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria-Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.

Fungus ball (FB) is an non-invasive form of mycosis, that generally affects immunocompetent and non-atopic subjects. Involvement of the frontal sinus is extremely rare. We report two cases with frontal sinus fungus ball that underwent endoscopic endonasal frontal Draf type IIb or III sinusotomy with complete removal of the cheesy clay-like material. Read More

J Postgrad Med 2017 Jul-Sep;63(3):200-202

Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Scedosporium apiospermum, an ubiquitous filamentous fungus, a known cause of mycetoma, is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of painful foot abscess in a renal allograft recipient on immunosuppressive therapy, which was clinically diagnosed as a suppurative bacterial abscess. Pus was aspirated, which showed septate, branching hyphal elements and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar yielded S. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2017 May 23;56(5):563-566. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Objectives: Mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis are subcutaneous fungal infections caused by pigmented fungi, common in the tropics and subtropics. Here we report a pregnant woman who presented with a swelling around the ankle joint which was clinically diagnosed as a case of mycetoma; however, further investigations revealed it to be a case of chromoblastomycosis.

Methods: 24 year old primigravida presented with an indurated swelling around the ankle joint with multiple nodules and sinuses draining serosanguinous discharge. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017 Jun 21;36(6):937-941. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Education and Research Center, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK.

The Philippines is a low middle-income, tropical country in Southeast Asia. Infectious diseases remain the main causes of morbidity, including tuberculosis. AIDS/HIV prevalence is still low at <1%, but is rapidly increasing. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017 Mar;195(6):e29-e30

1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine and.

Front Microbiol 2017 30;8:76. Epub 2017 Jan 30.

Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

is a dematiaceous fungus able to cause chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma. All these fungal diseases are extremely difficult to treat and often refractory to the current therapeutic approaches. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to develop new antifungal agents to combat these mycoses. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Feb 13;11(2):e0005301. Epub 2017 Feb 13.

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil.

Mycetoma is caused by the subcutaneous inoculation of filamentous fungi or aerobic filamentous bacteria that form grains in the tissue. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiologic, clinic, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of patients with mycetoma at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1991 and 2014. Twenty-one cases of mycetoma were included in the study. Read More