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J Clin Virol 2020 Jun 23;129:104517. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Background: Mumps outbreaks continue to occur in highly vaccinated populations. Although the diagnosis of mumps is primarily based on clinical symptoms, other viral infections such as parainfluenza can manifest in a similar manner. Therefore, laboratory confirmation of mumps virus infection is important. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research(MONSTER), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.

Objective: Vaccination coverage is decreasing worldwide, favoring potential reemergence of vaccine-preventable disease. Here, we performed a longitudinal characterization of the vaccination coverage in Brazil and compared the profiles between the distinct regions in the country to test whether there has been a substantial change over the last five years.

Methods: We retrieved de-identified data publicly available from the repository of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, comprising detailed information on vaccination coverage, in all age groups, between 1994 and 2019. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun;52(2):252-280

Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.

To develop a clinical practice guideline for vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIIRD), the Korean College of Rheumatology and the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases developed a clinical practice guideline according to the clinical practice guideline development manual. Since vaccination is unlikely to cause AIIRD or worsen disease activities, required vaccinations are recommended. Once patients are diagnosed with AIIRD, treatment strategies should be established and, at the same time, monitor their vaccination history. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2020 Jun 18:1-12. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

NHS Lothian.

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Jul 2;20(1):468. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China, 410081.

Background: Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease with obvious regional and seasonal differences. Exploring the impact of climate factors on the incidence of mumps and predicting its incidence trend on this basis could effectively control the outbreak and epidemic of mumps.

Methods: Considering the great differences of climate in the vast territory of China, this study divided the Chinese mainland into seven regions according to the administrative planning criteria, data of Mumps were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, ARIMA model and ARIMAX model with meteorological factors were established to predict the incidence of mumps. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.

Prolonged measles virus detection in maternal saliva and blood was evidenced in 6 pregnant women. Maternal-fetal transmission was evidenced in 2/4 infants who were asymptomatic at birth, 21-24 weeks after maternal infection. Whereas peripartum congenital measles is severe, asymptomatic measles virus vertical transmission can occur earlier in pregnancy. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2020 Mar 15;26(3). Epub 2020 Mar 15.

Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Background: New treatment options for warts include intralesional wart injection with agents such as vitamin D, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine antigen, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) antigen, and candida antigen but there have been limited studies to compare their efficacies.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy and safety of injectable agents used for the treatment of warts.

Methods: A PubMed search included terms "intralesional wart therapy," "wart injection" and "verruca injection. Read More

Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2020 8;12:273-283. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

Background: In 2017, varicella vaccination became mandatory for all children in Italy, based on a two-dose schedule administered at 12-15 months of age and 5 to 6 years of age. Varicella vaccines are available in different formulations (as a single vaccine or as a combination vaccine together with measles, mumps, and rubella) and are made by multiple manufacturers with different effectiveness profiles. This study calculates the cost-effectiveness of a range of varicella vaccination strategies to identify the optimal strategy for Italy. Read More

Cent Eur J Public Health 2020 Jun;28(2):155-160

Faculty of Education, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

The main objective of this study is to describe the most common childhood diseases occurring in the Theresienstadt ghetto during the Second World War as well as applied anti-epidemic measures. A partial objective is to describe medical and nursing care of sick child prisoners. The data was obtained by the method of synthesis of primary and secondary data with the highest importance after adequate external source criticism using selected monographs, memoirs, survivor diaries, Orders of the day by the Council of the Elders and Reports of the Jewish self-government of the Theresienstadt ghetto from 1941 to 1945, the Archives of the Jewish Museum in Prague, the Ghetto Museum, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, Post Bellum online electronic collection of oral historical interviews, and witness accounts. Read More

Cent Eur J Public Health 2020 Jun;28(2):130-134

Directorate General of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to gather information on demographic and health indicators, primarily vaccination status, of Syrians under temporary protection in five provinces of Turkey and to develop infrastructure for vaccination planning.

Methods: The population under study consists of 89,986 Syrian children, 0-4 years of age, residing in Ankara, Mersin, Gaziantep, Izmir, and Bursa. Initially, we planned to evaluate 2,339 children, although a total of 2,827 children were evaluated by the end of the study. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.

Background: In 2018, a large mumps epidemic coincided with an outbreak of diphtheria in refugee camps established in Bangladesh for the Rohingya people. These refugees did not receive a mumps-containing vaccine.

Methods: Cases of mumps were reported to the WHO's Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) during the Rohingya refugee crisis. Read More

Front Mol Biosci 2020 5;7:120. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Panevezys Faculty of Technology and Business, Kaunas Technology University (KTU), Panevezys, Lithuania.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic caused by the SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which targets the respiratory system of humans. The published data show that children, unlike adults, are less susceptible to contracting the disease. This article aims at understanding why children constitute a minor group among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Read More

Front Chem 2020 5;8:463. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.

Nanoporous materials with core-shell structure have received lots of attention owing to the great versatility of the functional cores and shells and their potential application in catalysis and biological applications. In this work, a facile method has been developed to synthesize uniform Au@Pt@mesoporous SiO nanostructures with high peroxidase-like activity, which had a well-defined core-shell structure with Au nanorods@Pt nanodots as a core and mesoporous SiO as a shell. The mesoporous SiO shell can not only provide convenient transmission channels but offer a substantial location for accommodation of large biomolecules, such as antibodies and antigens. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2020 Jun 21. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Mumps, measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster viruses (MMRV) may cause severe infections in seronegative adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients but can be prevented by vaccination. We aimed to determine MMRV serostatus in adult SOT recipients before and one-year post-transplantation as well as evidence of MMRV infections in a large, prospective cohort of SOT recipients.

Methods: A prospective study of 1182 adult SOT recipients included in the Management of Posttransplant Infections in Collaborating Hospitals (MATCH) cohort from 2011 to 2017 with a one-year follow-up. Read More

mBio 2020 06 19;11(3). Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

We propose the concept that administration of an unrelated live attenuated vaccine, such as MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), could serve as a preventive measure against the worst sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There is mounting evidence that live attenuated vaccines provide nonspecific protection against lethal infections unrelated to the target pathogen of the vaccine by inducing "trained" nonspecific innate immune cells for improved host responses against subsequent infections. Mortality in COVID-19 cases is strongly associated with progressive lung inflammation and eventual sepsis. Read More

Science 2020 06;368(6497):1367-1370

Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Project Group, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.

Many infectious diseases are thought to have emerged in humans after the Neolithic revolution. Although it is broadly accepted that this also applies to measles, the exact date of emergence for this disease is controversial. We sequenced the genome of a 1912 measles virus and used selection-aware molecular clock modeling to determine the divergence date of measles virus and rinderpest virus. Read More

Antiviral Res 2020 Jun 14;180:104849. Epub 2020 Jun 14.

Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address:

During the last decade multiple mumps outbreaks have occurred in the U.S. despite high two dose MMR coverage with most cases detected among two dose MMR vaccine recipients. Read More

BMJ 2020 06 16;369:m2392. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 Jun 12:1-6. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON, Canada.

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease. Because the mumps vaccine can cause aseptic meningitis in rare cases, this vaccine is not routine in Japan. This has led to low vaccine coverage and severe disease burden in Japan. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 12:e13807. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Intralesional immunotherapy by different antigens has shown promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of warts. However, the use of these antigens for the treatment of plane warts has been investigated in 2 studies only. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of three antigens; Measles Mumps, Rubella vaccine (MMR), Candida antigen, and purified protein derivative (PPD) in the treatment of multiple plane warts. Read More

Econ Hum Biol 2020 May 24;38:100871. Epub 2020 May 24.

Johannes Kepler University Linz, Department of Economics, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Aging, Health, and the Labor Market, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria. Electronic address:

This paper explores the effects of a measles outbreak on vaccination uptake in Austria, using administrative data with individual-level information on childhood vaccinations. I define a treatment group of children affected by the outbreak, and compare them with a control group of earlier-born children who are unaffected. Twelve months after the outbreak, the vaccination rate of the treatment group is 2. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2020 Mar 26;9(3):1573-1577. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the viral agent (s) and their genome burden associated with an aseptic meningitis outbreak that occurred in Yasuj, Iran.

Materials And Methods: During April to August 2015, 104 CSF samples from 104 patients under 14 years old admitted to the hospital of Yasuj, Iran, with aseptic meningitis associated clinical signs were collected. 200 μl CSF specimens was prepared for DNA and RNA viral genome extraction each and then subjected to diagnostic Taq-man real time PCR assays for the present of Enteroviruses, HSV, VZV, mumps, measles and rubella in the samples. Read More

Semergen 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 Jun 5;69(22):666-669. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

In August 2019, 30 attendees at a Nebraska wedding developed mumps after being exposed to one asymptomatic index patient who was fully vaccinated according to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations (1), resulting in a multistate outbreak. A public health investigation and response revealed epidemiologic links that extended from the index patient through secondary, tertiary, and quaternary patients and culminated in a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) booster vaccination campaign in the local community where approximately half of the patients resided. Read More

Heliyon 2020 May 20;6(5):e04016. Epub 2020 May 20.

Technical Officer, Vaccines and Immunization, World Health Organization, Genev, Switzerland.

Background: Vaccine wastage is one of quality indicators of immunization program and high vaccine wastage will increase overall costs and impede efforts towards a more efficient and sustainable program. We aimed at estimating of the wastage rates of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) and pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis B -Haemophilus influenza type b) vaccines in different vaccine vial sizes.

Study Design: Multicentre descriptive study using existing data. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 21;12(4):e7768. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Pediatrics, United Medical and Dental College, Creek General Hospital, Karachi, PAK.

Mumps is a contagious viral illness that classically presents with fever, parotid gland swelling, headache, and vomiting in unimmunized children. The complications of mumps most commonly include orchitis, pancreatitis, encephalitis, and meningitis. Optic neuritis, which refers to the inflammation of the optic nerve, in rare cases, can present after mumps meningoencephalitis and causes pain in the eye, and a decrease in visual acuity. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2020 May 24;8(2). Epub 2020 May 24.

Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

: In Italy, the loss of confidence towards vaccination resulted in low vaccine coverage, also among healthcare workers (HCWs). Indeed, low vaccination coverage among HCWs can lead to dangerous outbreaks of disease, reduce productivity, and increase absenteeism. The aim of this study was to investigate the vaccine coverage and attitudes toward vaccination among HCWs. Read More

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2020 6;2020:7081219. Epub 2020 May 6.

School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi 710061, China.

Background: We aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated factors of patient delay in hospital visiting and weekend effect of disease surveillance on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis/mumps.

Methods: Daily report data on hand-foot-and-mouth disease and epidemic parotitis cases between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, in Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China, were collected. The patient delay in hospital visiting was defined by the date difference between disease onset and patient's visit to hospital. Read More

Vaccine 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA.

Introduction: Children may receive measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella (VAR) vaccines separately or as measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV). We examined whether pediatric herpes zoster (HZ) incidence varied by pattern of varicella vaccine administration.

Methods: In six integrated health systems, we examined HZ incidence among children turning 12 months old during 2003-2008. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 Jul 12;97(3):115038. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Salivary antibodies are useful in surveillance and vaccination studies. However, low antibody levels and degradation by endonucleases are problematic. Oral flocked swabs are a potential non-invasive alternative for detecting viral antibodies. Read More

Am J Audiol 2020 Jun 21;29(2):236-243. Epub 2020 May 21.

School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to ascertain the etiology of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children aged ≤ 18 years living in Shandong province. Method Data were taken from a cross-sectional study, which was conducted between 2015 and 2017. The study included children aged ≤ 18 years, recruited from special schools for children with hearing loss and from hearing rehabilitation centers in Shandong province of China. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2020 Jan-Mar;15(1):34-37. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Neurology, M S Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Mumps is an acute viral illness, which presents with glandular and/or nervous system involvement. The most common central nervous system manifestations of mumps include aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Mumps meningoencephalitis, which is characterized by fever, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, and altered sensorium, usually develops at least 3-10 days after mumps parotitis. Read More

PLoS Biol 2020 May 20;18(5):e3000697. Epub 2020 May 20.

Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.

Developing methods for anticipating the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases is both important and timely; however, traditional model-based approaches are stymied by uncertainty surrounding the underlying drivers. Here, we demonstrate an operational, mechanism-agnostic detection algorithm for disease (re-)emergence based on early warning signals (EWSs) derived from the theory of critical slowing down. Specifically, we used computer simulations to train a supervised learning algorithm to detect the dynamical footprints of (re-)emergence present in epidemiological data. Read More

Euro Surveill 2020 05;25(19)

Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, Public Health England, Colindale, United Kingdom.

Using electronic health records, we assessed the early impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on routine childhood vaccination in England by 26 April 2020. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination counts fell from February 2020, and in the 3 weeks after introduction of physical distancing measures were 19.8% lower (95% confidence interval: -20. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 May 19;20(1):713. Epub 2020 May 19.

Catalan Health Institute (ICS), Primary Care, Lleida, Spain.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing opportunistic infections due to either the disease itself or to treatment with immunosuppressants. This risk can be reduced through vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of compliance with the guidelines on recommended immunization schedule in patients with IBD in the health district of Lleida, Spain. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 19:1-7. Epub 2020 May 19.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.

The varicella vaccine passage extension (VAR-PE) process was undertaken to extend the availability of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-containing vaccines. This study (V210-A03; NCT03239873) assessed the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of VAR-PE process in comparison with varicella vaccine commercial product 2016 (VAR) randomized 1:1 in 600 healthy children 12 to 23 months of age administered concomitantly with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The VZV seroconversion rate at 6 weeks Postdose 1 in the PP population was 100% for both groups. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 May 19;20(1):564. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: To analyse the impact of austerity measures taken by European governments as a response to the 2008 economic and financial crisis on social determinants on child health (SDCH), and child health outcomes (CHO).

Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Sociological abstracts in the last 5 years from European countries. Studies aimed at analysing the Great Recession, governments' responses to the crisis, and its impact on SDCH were included. Read More

Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020 Jun;59(6):606-613

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

. To evaluate the strategy of checking vaccine titers after completion of chemotherapy. . Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2020 May 18;19(5):419-443. Epub 2020 May 18.

GSK , Wavre, Belgium.

Introduction: The benefits of vaccine co-administration include improved vaccine acceptance and uptake resulting in an increased coverage and protection against multiple childhood diseases, with minimal medical visits. The diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-poliomyelitis- type b vaccine (DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib) has been available for more than 19 years and is recommended for co-administration with several other infant vaccines.

Areas Covered: This is a comprehensive review (34 studies, 21,000 participants) describing the immunogenicity and safety of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib when co-administered with 12 different vaccines in infants including pneumococcal, meningococcal, rotavirus or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jun 15;38(28):4432-4439. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Economics and CEBI, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage was high in Denmark until it plunged following negative media coverage. We examined whether the decline in HPV vaccination undermined uptake of another adolescent vaccine, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).

Methods: The Danish national health register provided data on uptake of MMR vaccine dose 2 (at age 13) for children born from 1991 to 2003 (n = 827,716). Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jun 12;38(28):4457-4463. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Neurological adverse events following immunization (AEFI) remain poorly characterized. Our objective was to describe pediatric acute and chronic encephalopathy and encephalitis cases following immunization reported via active sentinel surveillance from 1992 to 2012.

Methods: This case series provides a descriptive analysis of encephalopathy/encephalitis admissions reported to the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program ACTive (IMPACT). Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 May 13;20(1):681. Epub 2020 May 13.

Administration Office, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.

Background: The respiratory infectious diseases (RID) threaten the health and life quality of school students. However, previous related studies were insufficient in research design and method applied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education on the knowledge and behavior of students toward RID through difference-in-difference (DID) analysis in Gansu, China. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020 May 13:1-5. Epub 2020 May 13.

Vaccine Study Center, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA.

Mumps outbreaks among previously vaccinated young adults raise concerns regarding waning vaccine immunity. This study identified, described and assessed the changing incidence of mumps cases following mumps-containing vaccination (MMR/MMRV) in a non-mumps outbreak setting. Potential cases between 1996 and 2018 were identified by the international classification of disease codes or by mumps laboratory test orders among Kaiser Permanente Northern California members. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 May 12;20(1):668. Epub 2020 May 12.

Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Data on the burden of mumps in South Africa are limited and the epidemiology of mumps in this setting is not well understood. We present an analysis of mumps data in South Africa from 2012 to 2017.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included secondary data on laboratory-confirmed mumps infections from 2012 to 2017, archived at the South African National Health Laboratory Services' data repository as well as from four private laboratories. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020 May 7;164. Epub 2020 May 7.

Bosch en Duin.

The measles virus is highly contagious and may hit non-immune populations very hard, as observed on remote islands. The first live-attenuated measles virus vaccine was registered in the United States in 1963, and was imported to the Netherlands from 1968 onwards. Production was taken over by the National Institute for Public Health (RIV). Read More

Mil Med 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Allergy and Immunology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, 59th Medical Group, 2200 Bergquist Drive Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, TX 78236.

The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is generally well tolerated, and reports of anaphylaxis to the vaccine are rare. IgE-mediated reactions to vaccines are often caused by additives or residual vaccine components. An inability to obtain proper immunizations can be a disqualifying component to military service. Read More

mBio 2020 05 5;11(3). Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA

The vaginal microbiota influences sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Colonization of the vaginal tract is normally dominated by species. Both and may secrete reutericyclin, which inhibits the growth of a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Read More

PLoS One 2020 29;15(4):e0232273. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Vice Director, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

Mumps, a common childhood disease, has a high incidence in Guangzhou city, China. It has been proven that mumps is influenced by seasonality. However, the role of meteorological factors among children is yet to be fully ascertained. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;41(4):562-566

Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.

To understand the pathogens and molecular-epidemiologic characteristics of viral meningo-encephalitis in Zhejiang province during 2002 to 2018. All the samples were collected from suspected patients admitted to the hospitals under the monitoring program. Of the total samples, 2 173 were cerebrospinal fluids while the other 455 were stool specimens. Read More

Asian J Androl 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.

The aim of our study was to compare the sperm retrieval rates (SRRs) and clinical outcomes of patients with different causes of azoospermia who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (micro-TESE-ICSI). We conducted a retrospective study at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China, from January 2014 to December 2017. This study examined 769 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia who underwent 347 cycles of micro-TESE-ICSI. Read More