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Viruses 2022 Jun 18;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.

The resurgence of mumps in vaccinated adult populations has raised concerns about possible waning vaccine immunity or a potential lack of protection to the circulating strain. A number of individual studies have investigated if there are amino acid variations between the circulating wild-type strains and vaccine strains. In these studies, the HN and F mumps surface glycoproteins have been of interest, because of their role in viral infection, and because the HN protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies. Read More

J Med Virol 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Mumps is an acute infectious disease that spreads widely around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features and sociodemographic factors associated with mumps in mainland China from 2004 to 2018.

Methods: Incidence data for mumps during the period 2004-2018 were collected from the Public Health Sciences Data Center of China. Read More

Epidemics 2022 Jun 17;40:100594. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.

Recent mumps outbreaks among highly vaccinated populations, including college students, have called into question the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of routine two-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR2) immunization. We aimed to estimate the VE required for a novel vaccination strategy (e.g. Read More

N Z Med J 2022 Jan 21;135(1548):96-102. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Office of Early Childhood Education.

The recent COVID-19 vaccine mandate among early childhood education (ECE) staff highlights the important role ECE staff have in the transmission of infectious diseases. However, there are no data on general vaccine uptake for this group in New Zealand. Additionally, the importance of ECE staff vaccination as a strategy to prevent illness has been rarely promoted in the past, and recommendations for other vaccinations in this group are lacking. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address:

Purpose: Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable viral diseases have been increasingly reported globally over the past few years. The burden of congenital viral infections, their impact on physical and mental development and the resulting economic loss to the family and the community are also well known. IgM antibody detection has been convenient in the diagnosis of acute viral infections, particularly in settings with limited resources where molecular tests are not feasible. Read More

Ann Rheum Dis 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

RITA, European Reference Networks, Brussels, Belgium.

Objectives: Recent insights supporting the safety of live-attenuated vaccines and novel studies on the immunogenicity of vaccinations in the era of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in paediatric patients with autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases (pedAIIRD) necessitated updating the EULAR recommendations.

Methods: Recommendations were developed using the EULAR standard operating procedures. Two international expert committees were formed to update the vaccination recommendations for both paediatric and adult patients with AIIRD. Read More

Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2022 Dec 13;4:100278. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Infectious Diseases Department, Jinan Children's Hospital: Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 23976 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250022, Jinan, China.

Objectives: During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, China, some public health measures of forced lockdown, closure of school and public meeting places, staying at home, transportation stop, masks wearing, hands washing, environmental disinfection were taken on to control epidemic transmission, these measures have made indirect affect on the other infectious diseases incidence.

Study Design: During COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we retrospectively analyzed and compared reported cases of other infectious diseases,in order to found what impact of measures in controlling COVID-19 pandemic on the other infectious diseases in China.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed and compared reported cases of measles, pertussis, scarlet fever, seasonal influenza, mumps, HFMD each month in 2018, 2019 and 2020 from the National Health Commission, PRC. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 26;13:862940. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Infection of immunosuppressed transplant patients with the human γ-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), an often fatal complication. Immunosuppressed miniature pigs infected with γ-herpesvirus porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus 1 (PLHV1) develop a similar disease, identifying pigs as a potential preclinical model for PTLD in humans. BILF1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) encoded by EBV with constitutive activity linked to tumorigenesis and immunoevasive function downregulating MHC-I. Read More

Vaccine X 2022 Aug 31;11:100172. Epub 2022 May 31.

Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Healthcare personnel (HCP) are at occupational risk for acquisition of several vaccine-preventable diseases and transmission to patients. Vaccinations of HCP are justified to confer them immunity but also to protect susceptible patients and healthcare services from outbreaks, HCP absenteeism and presenteeism. Mandatory vaccination policies for HCP are increasingly adopted and achieve high and sustainable vaccination rates in short term. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10217. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N Washington Street, 5th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.

High-quality, representative serological surveys allow direct estimates of immunity profiles to inform vaccination strategies but can be costly and logistically challenging. Leveraging residual serum samples is one way to increase their feasibility. We subsampled 9854 residual sera from a 2016 national HIV survey in Zambia and tested these specimens for anti-measles and anti-rubella virus IgG antibodies using indirect enzyme immunoassays. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022 Jun 17:1-6. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are disproportionately exposed to infectious diseases and play a role in nosocomial transmission, making them a key demographic for vaccination. HCW vaccination rates are not optimal in many countries; hence, compulsory vaccination policies have been implemented in some countries. Although these policies are effective and necessary under certain conditions, resolving HCWs' hesitancies and misconceptions about vaccines is crucial. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 12;14(5):e24942. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Physiology, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, IND.

Introduction Viral illnesses like mumps, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Cocksakievirus have been shown to affect the endocrine system, specifically the thyroid as a product of their systemic inflammatory process. The thyroid gland, having high levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is also predisposed to dysfunction due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data of thyroid function tests in patients with COVID-19. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 12;14(5):e24949. Epub 2022 May 12.

Internal Medicine, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, USA.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is characterized by severe pain in the anterior aspect of the neck and tenderness is present during the thyroid gland's palpation. It is commonly caused by viruses including mumps, measles, rubella, coxsackievirus, influenza, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Painless subacute thyroiditis is rare and can present as a fever of unknown origin (FUO). Read More

J Med Virol 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Viral meningoencephalitis is one of the most important diseases that most commonly affect children. In many cases of viral meningoencephalitis, the underlying cause of the disease is not identified, raising the possibility of a variety of pathogens that are not routinely tested. Bocaviruses belong to a newly identified class of viruses that have been reported in some studies to be associated with viral encephalitis. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2022 24;2022:7918604. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Vaccination, Communicable Disease Directorate, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.

Background: The healthcare system in Jordan faced substantial burden during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic including disruption of routine childhood vaccination services.

Aims: We sought, for the first time, to describe the impact of the 2020 pandemic on vaccination coverage of Jordanian children in Jordan and to identify the key contributing factors.

Methods: Nationwide vaccination rates were retrieved from the electronic records at the Ministry of Health (2018-2020) enrolling crude births of 220,057 Jordanian children during 2020. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 May 29;19(11). Epub 2022 May 29.

School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

(1) Background: To explore whether meteorological factors have an impact on the prevalence of mumps, and to make a short-term prediction of the case number of mumps in Chongqing. (2) Methods: K-means clustering algorithm was used to divide the monthly mumps cases of each year into the high and low case number clusters, and Student -test was applied for difference analysis. The cross-correlation function (CCF) was used to evaluate the correlation between the meteorological factors and mumps, and an ARIMAX model was constructed by additionally incorporating meteorological factors as exogenous variables in the ARIMA model, and a short-term prediction was conducted for mumps in Chongqing, evaluated by MAE, RMSE. Read More

medRxiv 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Background: As highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers are eager to make use of a wide variety of data sources, both government-sponsored and alternative, to characterize the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To date, few studies have investigated the strengths and limitations of sources currently being used for such research. These are critical for policy makers to understand when interpreting study findings. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jun 8;22(1):530. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, 15355, Ansan, Republic of Korea.

Background: Despite high vaccination coverage, measles outbreaks have been reported in measles elimination countries, especially among healthcare workers in their 20 and 30 s. This study was designed to identify measles-susceptible individuals and to evaluate whether primary or secondary vaccine failure occurred during measles outbreak response immunization (ORI) activities.

Methods: The study population was divided into three groups as follows: natural immunity group (Group 1), vaccine-induced immunity group (Group 2), and vaccine failure group (Group 3). Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022 Jun 8:2086774. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Mumps cases were reported frequently when a routine dose measles-mumps-rubella(MMR) achieved high coverage in Quzhou. The supplementary immunization activities (SIA) using measles mumps (MM) was conducted to control mumps outbreaks. The effectiveness of one and two doses of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) was assessed using surveillance data in this study. Read More

Microbiol Resour Announc 2022 Jun 7:e0033622. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

The World Health Organization has designated the MuVi/Sheffield.GBR/1.05 strain as a genotype G mumps reference strain. Read More

Prev Med Rep 2022 Jun 5;27:101817. Epub 2022 May 5.

University of Montana, Center for Population Health Research, Missoula, MT, United States.

Comprehensive estimates of vaccination coverage and timeliness of vaccine receipt among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children in the United States are lacking. This study's objectives were to quantify vaccination coverage and timeliness, as well as the proportion of children with specific undervaccination patterns, among AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (NHW) children ages 0-24 months in Montana, a large and primarily rural U.S. Read More

Lancet Public Health 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

Migrant Health Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK. Electronic address:

Background: WHO's new Immunization Agenda 2030 places a focus on ensuring migrants and other marginalised groups are offered catch-up vaccinations across the life-course. Yet, it is not known to what extent specific groups, such as refugees, are immunised according to host country schedules, and the implications for policy and practice. We aimed to assess the immunisation coverage of UK-bound refugees undergoing International Organization for Migration (IOM) health assessments through UK resettlement schemes, and calculate risk factors for under-immunisation. Read More

Viruses 2022 05 3;14(5). Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.

In Japan, healthcare workers (HCWs) are vaccinated against measles, rubella, chickenpox, mumps, and hepatitis B to prevent nosocomial infection; however, some do not produce sufficient antibodies ("suboptimal responders"). This study compared immune responses to a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 mRNA) vaccine among HCWs with normal and suboptimal responses to conventional vaccines. In this prospective cohort study, 50 HCWs received two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 3 weeks apart. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Apr 21;11(5). Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Clinical and Applied Virology Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.

Primate erythroparvovirus 1, commonly referred to as Parvovirus B19 (B19V), is a DNA virus that normally results in a mild childhood infection called "erythema infectiosum". Besides respiratory spread, B19V can also be transmitted through transfusions, which may result in persistent anemia in immunodeficient hosts. Dialysis patients often face acute or chronic anemia after infection with B19V. Read More

Vaccine 2022 Jun 16;40(26):3676-3683. Epub 2022 May 16.

Data Science Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BioStat), UHasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.

Vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, have been re-emerging in countries with moderate to high vaccine uptake. It is increasingly important to identify and close immunity gaps and increase coverage of routine childhood vaccinations, including two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR). Here, we present a simple cohort model relying on a Bayesian approach to evaluate the evolution of measles seroprevalence in Belgium using the three most recent cross-sectional serological survey data collections (2002, 2006 and 2013) and information regarding vaccine properties. Read More

PLoS One 2022 19;17(5):e0268703. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.

Background: Tetanus is a potentially fatal disease that is preventable through vaccination. While the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has continued to improve implementing routine vaccination activities throughout the country, they have struggled to maintain high childhood vaccine coverage. This study aims to examine the seroprevalence of tetanus in children 6 to 59 months to identify areas for intervention and improvement of vaccination coverage. Read More

Cogn Process 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

People may cling to false facts even in the face of updated and correct information. The present study confronted misconceptions about the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine and a novel, fictitious Zika vaccine. Two experiments are reported, examining misconceptions as motivated by a poor risk understanding (Experiment 1, N = 130) or the exposure to conspiracy theories (Experiment 2, N = 130). Read More

Acta Paediatr 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Pediatric Allergy Unit, Pediatrics Section, Policlinico Gemelli Universitary Foundation IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacre Hearth, Rome, Italy.

Infect Dis Model 2022 Jun 24;7(2):127-137. Epub 2022 Apr 24.

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China.

Objective: Mumps is a seasonal infectious disease, always occurring in winter and spring. In this study, we aim to analyze its epidemiological characteristics, transmissibility, and its correlation with meteorological variables.

Method: A seasonal model and a next-generation matrix method were applied to estimate the ( ). Read More

Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2022 Mar 4;9(1):11-15. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Background: Influenza vaccine participation in adolescents is low. Barriers to the influenza vaccine may be shared with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Methods: We studied adolescents aged 13-17 years who participated in the National Immunization Survey-Teen between 2011 and 2017 (N = 129,200). Read More