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FEBS Lett 2020 Jul 4. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by microorganisms represents a dreadful challenge for the immune system. The role of the complement system as major column of innate immunity has been extensively studied in various sepsis models but its translational value remains in the dark. Complement activation products, such as C3a and C5a, and their corresponding receptors provide useful diagnostic tools and promising targets to improve organ function and outcome. Read More

Crit Care 2020 Jul 3;24(1):391. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Background: Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high in-hospital mortality. However, in cohorts of ARDS patients from the 1990s, patients more commonly died from sepsis or multi-organ failure rather than refractory hypoxemia. Given increased attention to lung-protective ventilation and sepsis treatment in the past 25 years, we hypothesized that causes of death may be different among contemporary cohorts. Read More

Rev Infirm 2020 Apr - May;69(260-261):16-18

Service de médecine intensive réanimation, hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, GHU, AP-HP université Paris-Saclay, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France; UFR Simone-Veil Santé, université de Versailles - Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, université Paris-Saclay, 2, avenue de la Source-de-la-Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. Electronic address:

Septic shock, defined as the combination of sepsis, a requirement for catecholamines to maintain systolic blood pressure above 65 mmHg and a serum lactate level above 2 mmol/L despite adequate volume resuscitation is a life-threatening condition. The Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), which can be used by all nurses with a high-risk patient presenting with infection, enables the patient to be transferred rapidly to specialist care units. Read More

Crit Care 2020 Jun 29;24(1):385. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.

Background: Neuroinflammation often develops in sepsis along with increasing permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to septic encephalopathy. The barrier is formed by tight junction structures between the cerebral endothelial cells. We investigated the expression of tight junction proteins related to endothelial permeability in brain autopsy specimens in critically ill patients deceased with sepsis and analyzed the relationship of BBB damage with measures of systemic inflammation and systemic organ dysfunction. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2020 18;8:2050313X20933473. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an urgent need for effective treatment, while conserving vital resources such as intensive care unit beds and ventilators. Antivirals, convalescent plasma, and biologics have been used with mixed results. The profound "cytokine storm" induced endotheliopathy and microthrombotic disease in patients with COVID-19 may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. Read More

Turk J Biol 2020 21;44(3):265-272. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara Turkey.

COVID-19, a novel infectious disease, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affected millions of people around the world with a high mortality rate. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes lung infection, gastrointestinal symptoms described in COVID-19 patients and detection of the viral RNA in feces of infected patients drove attentions to a possible fecal-oral transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. However, not only the viral RNA but also the infectious viral particles are required for the viral infection and no proof has been demonstrated the transmission of the infectious virus particles via the fecal-oral route yet. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2020 Jun;26(4):517-525

Departmant of General Surgery, Cumhuriyet Universitiy Faculty of Medicine, Sivas-Turkey.

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The second hit after trauma causes increased inflammatory response and multiple organ failure (MOF). The infection which develops after burn injury is a suitable model for a two-hit trauma study. Read More

S D Med 2020 Jun;73(6):262-264

University Hospitals, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.

The pandemic caused by SARS-COV2 Virus/COVID-19, which was initially reported in China in December 2019, has become a major global health concern. COVID-19 can manifest with cytokine storm - an exaggerated systemic inflammatory phenomenon due to over-production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells that results in diffuse inflammatory lung disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome. It may be complicated by septic shock and subsequent multi-organ failure. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020 (6):98-103

Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center for Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is the most serious postoperative life-threating complication of various abdominal surgical interventions. Treatment of patients with ECF is associated with life-threatening complications including sepsis and septic shock, intestinal failure and severe water-electrolyte disorders that causes high mortality rates (35-75% according to national authors and 6-33% according to foreign colleagues). This issue is especially relevant in the cases of enteroatmospheric fistulae and high ECF with loss of intestinal contents of more than 500 ml per day. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2020 Jun 17;882:173279. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Coagulopathy is the major cause of organ injury as well as a strong predictor of mortality in septic patients. Systemic inflammatory response and redox imbalance are regarded as the major causes of sepsis-induced coagulopathy. There is growing evidence that a vasodilator hydralazine has beneficial effects on heart failure, hypertension, and ischemia/reperfusion injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2020 Apr;32(4):504-507

Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.

Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by the host's maladjustment response to infection, which eventually leads to septic shock and multiple organ failure. Pancreatic injury was found to be an important pathological change in sepsis. Autophagy is a crucial way to maintain the normal metabolism of cell substances and energy, which plays an important role in many diseases. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020 1;13(5):964-971. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical School of Shihezi University Shihezi 832003, P. R. China.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), arising from the loss of dynamic balance in endoplasmic reticulum function under stress and inflammation, has been implicated in the progression of sepsis. Multiple organ failure caused by sepsis still has a high mortality rate, of which the heart is one of the more damaged organs. In this research, a rat model of sepsis was set up by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); serum myocardial enzyme levels were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer, inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA kit, and cardiac histology and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to assess the extent of myocardial damage. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2020 May 30;143:109906. Epub 2020 May 30.

College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Most COVID-19 infected individuals present with mild flu-like symptoms; however, 5-10% of cases suffer from life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathology of associated acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, coagulopathy and multiorgan failure is not known. SARS-CoV-2 is an envelope virus with S (spike), M (membrane), N (nucleocapsid) and E (envelop) proteins. Read More

Life Sci 2020 Jun 3;256:117907. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt. Electronic address:

Acute lung injury (ALI) and the subsequent multi-system organ failure is a serious health problem with devastating impacts on the health care systems. Indeed, the world has been facing an un-preceded situation in the past couple of months following COVID-19 infestation and the associated high-mortality rates mainly attributed to sepsis and the associated multiple organ failures of particular concern; acute respiratory distress syndrome post lung injury. The current study provides evidence on the ameliorative impact of nifuroxazide, and FDA approved antidiarrheal drug in attenuation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and myocarditis when administrated either in prophylactic or curative regimens. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2020 May;9(3):847-857

Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.

Background: Multiple organ failure complicated by coagulation dysfunction is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of platelet maximum aggregation rate (MAR) in patients with sepsis and explored the relationship between MAR and prognosis to support treatment decision-making.

Methods: Blood samples from patients with sepsis (diagnosed according to the 2016 international diagnostic criteria for sepsis 3. Read More

Shock 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.

Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome which can progress to multiple organ dysfunction with high mortality. Intestinal barrier failure exerts a central role in the pathophysiological sequence of events that lead from sepsis to multiple organ dysfunction. The present study investigated the role of hydrocortisone (HC) administration and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in several parameters of the gut barrier integrity, immune activation and survival, in a model of polymicrobial sepsis in rats. Read More

Anaesth Intensive Care 2020 May 2;48(3):221-228. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands.

Microcirculatory alterations play an important role in the early phase of sepsis. Shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx is regarded as a central pathophysiological mechanism causing microvascular dysfunction, contributing to multiple organ failure and death in sepsis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether endothelial glycocalyx thickness at an early stage in septic patients relates to clinical outcome. Read More

J Transl Med 2020 May 29;18(1):217. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.

Background: Sepsis is a fatal disease referring to the presence of a known or strongly suspected infection coupled with systemic and uncontrolled immune activation causing multiple organ failure. However, current knowledge of the role of lncRNAs in sepsis is still extremely limited.

Methods: We performed an in silico investigation of the gene coexpression pattern for the patients response to all-cause sepsis in consecutive intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2020 May 28. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Background: Compared to general population, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may increase frequency of acute pancreatitis (AP); however, evidence regarding effects of HIV infection on AP-related outcomes is limited and controversial.

Aims: We aim to investigate the temporary trend, characteristics and clinical outcomes of AP infected with HIV.

Methods: We reviewed data from the 2003-2014 National Inpatient Sample to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of AP. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2020 Jun;88(6):855-865

From the School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition (D.T.R., F.G.A.P., S.L., K.N.K., E.L., M.M., M.B.), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

Background: Major hemorrhage is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. There is currently no consensus on the best empirical transfusion strategy. The current National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines suggest a ratio of 1:1 of red blood cells and plasma. Read More

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2020 May 24;28(1):42. Epub 2020 May 24.

Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.

Background: Major trauma often comprises fractures of the thoracolumbar spine and these are often accompanied by relevant thoracic trauma. Major complications can be ascribed to substantial simultaneous trauma to the chest and concomitant immobilization due to spinal instability, pain or neurological dysfunction, impairing the respiratory system individually and together. Thus, we proposed that an early stabilization of thoracolumbar spine fractures will result in significant benefits regarding respiratory organ function, multiple organ failure and length of ICU / hospital stay. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan. Electronic address:

An 85-year-old cachectic man was found unconscious in his home. He had no specific medical history. On arrival, he was in a deep coma and hypothermic state. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 18;12(5):e8175. Epub 2020 May 18.

Internal Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell, Staten Island University Hospital Northwell Health, Staten Island, USA.

Purpose In the intensive care unit (ICU), acute renal failure is mostly part of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes with mortality ranging from 28%-90%, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is the predominant mode of RRT used in ICU. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) on CRRT in the ICU. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted for all ICU patients with acute renal failure on CRRT in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2020 May 20. Epub 2020 May 20.

Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar.

Background And Purpose: With the discrepancy between availability and demand for corneal donors, the purpose of our study was to identify significant factors influencing the suitability and affecting the main reasons for discarding organ-cultured corneas. We thus aimed to minimise the percentage of unsuitable corneas in the long term.

Patients And Methods: 4140 corneas of 2083 donors were analysed between 2006 and 2016. Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2020 Jul;83(7):674-677

Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Coagulation abnormalities are universal in patients with septic shock and likely play a key role in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Early diagnosis and management of sepsis-induced coagulopathy can influence the outcome. Thromboelastography (TEG) can effectively distinguish hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability in patients with septic shock. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2020 May 18;13(1):260. Epub 2020 May 18.

Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.

Background: Myocardial dysfunction is one of the most common complications of multiple organ failure in septic shock and significantly increases mortality in patients with sepsis. Although many studies having confirmed that helminth-derived proteins have strong immunomodulatory functions and could treat inflammatory diseases, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum-produced cystatin (Sj-Cys) on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Methods: A model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Read More

Biol Open 2020 Jun 24;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinan Chain Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and often associated with multiple organ failure. Nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a member of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), was reported to be involved in the regulation of sepsis progression. However, its precise regulatory mechanism needs to be further explored. Read More

Mediators Inflamm 2020 1;2020:3650508. Epub 2020 May 1.

Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-known mediator of sepsis. In many cases, sepsis results in multiple organ injury including the lung with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). More than 20-year-old studies have suggested that TNF may be directly responsible for organ injury during sepsis. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Pedro de Toledo, 669, 7th floor, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.

Most severe manifestations of COVID-19 cases, such as multiple organ failure and death, have been linked to coagulation dysfunction markers, such as platelet reduction and increases in prothrombin time, fibrin degradation products and, mainly, D-dimer [1]. A recent paper by Tang et al. [2] in this journal reported that heparin treatment reduced mortality of COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer; similar preliminary results have been reported elsewhere [3]. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Jul 4;127:110206. Epub 2020 May 4.

Department of Anesthesia, Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey. Electronic address:

Sepsis is a pathophysiological event involving systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ failure syndromes, and tissue damage. Overproduction of free radicals as a result of tissue damage during sepsis contributes to cellular toxicity, organ failure, and even mortality. Antioxidants, which scavenge free radicals, play a protective role against various diseases. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2020 Mar;32(3):307-312

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China. Corresponding author: Wang Xiaoxiao, Email:

Objective: To explore the risk factors influencing the short-term mortality of patients with sepsis in intensive care unit (ICU) and the combined value of predicting prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 patients with sepsis admitted to emergency ICU of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to August 2019. Multiple general information containing gender, age, past history as well as complications and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood routine examination, hepatic and renal function, coagulation indicators and procalcitonin (PCT) were collected within 24 hours of admission. Read More

Mol Med 2020 May 7;26(1):41. Epub 2020 May 7.

, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, USA.

Although the immune response has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, a primary immune causation has not been established to explain the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, studies have reported significantly elevated levels of colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (a known colitic agent) in ulcerative colitis prior to the appearance of colitis. And patients with sepsis are reported to have toxic levels of blood hydrogen peroxide, whose pathologic effects mirror the laboratory and clinical abnormalities observed in sepsis. Read More

Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020 ;155(3):155-158

Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75 kDa plasma glycoprotein synthesized in liver mainly, which exists at approximately 60-100 μg/ml in human plasma. HRG is known to bind to several ligands and cells, leading to exert coagulation, fibrinolysis, immune and inflammation regulatory activity in septic condition. Thus, decreased plasma HRG level induces the dysregulations of coagulation, fibrinolysis and immune system, resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Read More

PLoS One 2020 5;15(5):e0232794. Epub 2020 May 5.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, United States of America.

Background: Prompt sepsis treatment is associated with improved outcomes but requires a complex series of actions by multiple clinicians. We investigated whether simply reorganizing emergency department (ED) care to expedite patients' initial evaluation was associated with shorter sepsis door-to-antibiotic times.

Methods: Patients eligible for this retrospective study received IV antibiotics and demonstrated acute organ failure after presenting to one of three EDs in Utah. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2020 Mar;8(6):401

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China.

This study includes a retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment of a case of severe pneumonia from fulminant psittacosis with multiple organ failure. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the pathogen was conducted. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of the case and to improve understanding of the value of NGS in the diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2020 (4):30-36

Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Krasnodar, Russia.

Objective: To improve the outcomes in patients with severe destructive pancreatitis undergoing minimally invasive surgery.

Material And Methods: There were 482 patients with acute destructive pancreatitis for the period from 2007 to 2016. Non-infected acute destructive pancreatitis was diagnosed in 58% (=280) of patients, infected pancreatic necrosis - in 42% (=202) of patients. Read More

Inflammation 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Sepsis is a lethal syndrome with multiple organ failure caused by an inappropriate host response to infection. Cardiac dysfunction is one of the important complications of sepsis, termed sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD), which is characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction of both sides of the heart. Mechanisms that contribute to SIMD include an excessive inflammatory response, altered circulatory, microvascular status, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis impairment, endothelial dysfunction, disorders of calcium regulation, cardiac autophagy anomaly, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Read More

Pol Arch Intern Med 2020 05 24;130(5):390-399. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection spread worldwide.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe incidence of SARS ‑CoV‑2 infection.

Patients And Methods: All adult patients (median [IQR] age, 52 [37-58] years) consecutively admitted to the Dabieshan Medical Center from January 30, 2020 to February 11, 2020 were collected and reviewed. Read More

Korean J Gastroenterol 2020 Apr;75(4):182-187

Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. During sepsis, the liver has essential roles, such as immune defense and metabolic adaptation to inflammation. In addition, it is a target for sepsis-related injury, including hypoxic hepatitis, cholestasis, drug-induced liver injury, and secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2020 ;1238:195-202

Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), also referred to as external challenge-induced multiple organ injury, is characterized by dysfunction of two or more organs during infection or following shock or trauma. The pathogenesis of MODS is multifactorial and involves systemic inflammation and cell stress responses including cell death; sepsis is defined as an infection with MODS. Gut microbiota contributes significantly to organ dysfunction and to the pathobiology of sepsis. Read More

Mediators Inflamm 2020 13;2020:8052954. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China.

Background: Sepsis induces the release of lipid mediators, which control both lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the role of serum apolipoprotein A-V (ApoA5) in sepsis is poorly understood in pediatric patients.

Methods: ApoA5 was screened from serum proteomics profile in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated mice for 2 h, 24 h, and controls. Read More

Recenti Prog Med 2020 Apr;111(4):238-252

Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Sezione di Telemedicina, Università di Pisa.

An outbreak of a new coronavirus originating from Wuhan (China), responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), called SARS-CoV-2, is causing a pandemic disease called CoViD-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19), although strict containment measures and restrictions on individual travel have been taken everywhere to hinder the spread of the virus. The clinical spectrum of this infection includes, in order of lesser to greater severity, asymptomatic viremia, paucisymptomatic forms, clinical conditions characterized by respiratory failure that needs mechanical ventilation and support in an intensive care unit, systemic manifestations of infection, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. There is currently no vaccine to prevent CoViD-19, but the international scientific community is intensely focused on finding a vaccine that will prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Read More

Crit Care Med 2020 Jun;48(6):854-861

Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Objectives: The circadian system modulates many important physiologic processes, synchronizing tissue-specific functions throughout the body. We sought to characterize acute alterations of circadian rhythms in critically ill patients and to evaluate associations between brain dysfunction, systemic multiple organ dysfunction, environmental stimuli that entrain the circadian rhythm (zeitgebers), rest-activity rhythms, and the central circadian rhythm-controlled melatonin secretion profile.

Design: Prospective study observing a cohort for 24-48 hours beginning within the first day of ICU admission. Read More

Crit Care Med 2020 Jun;48(6):862-871

Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Objectives: To characterize acute alterations of circadian and ultradian rest-activity rhythms in critically ill patients and their association with brain dysfunction, systemic multiple organ dysfunction, and melatonin rhythms.

Design: Prospective study observing a cohort for 48 hours beginning within the first day of ICU admission.

Setting: ICUs within an academic medical center. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020 Apr;22(4):305-309

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

In February 2020, "surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children" was published in Intensive Care Medicine and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. This article gives an interpretation on the guidelines to help Chinese pediatricians better understand it. Read More

Crit Care Med 2020 06;48(6):799-807

Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System and the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.

Objectives: To describe at the individual patient level the pathophysiologic processes contributing to morbidity and mortality in PICUs and therapeutic additions and advances that could potentially prevent or reduce morbidity and mortality.

Design: Qualitative content analysis of intensivists' conclusions on pathophysiologic processes and needed therapeutic advances formulated by structured medical record review.

Setting: Eight children's hospitals affiliated with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2020 04;182(16)

In this case report, a 50-year-old man who had no medical history, presented with multiple cardiac arrests following a week with progressing symptoms of pneumonia. After achieving return of spontaneous circulation he presented with respiratory failure with severe hypoxia, septic shock, and multiple organ failure. A chest X-ray showed signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Read More

Am J Hematol 2020 07 22;95(7):E158-E160. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Haematology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Inflammation 2020 Apr 1. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.

Endothelial dysfunction is responsible for multiple organ failure and the high mortality rate of sepsis. Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an essential role in the progression of sepsis. However, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the endothelial dysfunction of sepsis has not been fully elucidated. Read More

BMJ Open 2020 Mar 30;10(3):e031912. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Thuringia, Germany

Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Multiple organ failure is the main cause of death after surgery for IE. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause a systemic inflammatory response. Read More