J Med Case Rep 2017 Aug 1;11(1):208. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Department of Pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fès, Morocco.

Background: Composite pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas are very rare tumors composed of ordinary pheochromocytoma paragangliomas associated with neurogenic tumors. Several hereditary susceptibility disorders are known to be associated with pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (2A or B). To the best of our knowledge, only four cases of composite pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 have been reported. Read More

Diabet Med 2017 Jul 29. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, such as dulaglutide, exenatide and liraglutide, are approved to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although these drugs provide substantial glycaemic control, studies in rodents have prompted concerns about the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma. These data are reflected in the US package insert, with boxed warnings and product labelling noting the occurrence of these tumours after clinically relevant exposures in rodents, and contraindicating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use in people with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or in people with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Read More

Thyroid 2017 Jul 26. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Mayo Clinic, Endocrinology , 200 First St. SW , Rochester, Minnesota, United States , 55905 ;

We describe a family with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) caused by the D631Y RET mutation resulting in an atypical phenotype. The index case was a 24-year-old man, with history of recurrent anaplastic ependymoma incidentally found to have the D631Y RET mutation. At first assessment, 4 family-members had evidence of large pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Read More

Chin J Cancer Res 2017 Jun;29(3):223-230

Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

Objective: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) proposed a new risk classification for hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in 2015. This study aimed to assess whether the new guidelines are suitable for the Chinese population, and reported our experience on prophylactic thyroidectomy.

Methods: A total of 73 patients from 22 families were screened as rearranged during transfection (RET) mutation carriers from 2010 to 2016 in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; the medical history for each patient was collected. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Jul;52(7):536-538

Department of ICU, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017 05 1;18(5):1191-1199. Epub 2017 May 1.

King Hussein Cancer center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan. Email:

Thyroid neoplasms encompass a variety of lesions that range from benign adenomas to malignancies. These latter can be well-differentiated, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas. More than 95% of thyroid cancers are derived from thyroid follicular cells, while 2-3% (medullary thyroid cancers, MTC) originate from calcitonin producing C-cells. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 05 9. Epub 2017 May 9.

Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Context: High-risk RET mutations (codon 634) are associated with earlier development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and presumed increased aggressiveness compared with moderate-risk RET mutations.

Objective: To determine if high-risk RET mutations are more aggressive

Design: Retrospective cohort study utilizing institutional MEN2 registry

Setting: A tertiary cancer care center

Patients: Those with MTC and moderate- or high-risk germline RET mutation.

Intervention: None (observational study)

Main Outcome Measures: Proxies for aggressiveness were: overall survival (OS) and time to distant metastatic disease (DMD)

Results: 127 moderate-risk and 135 high-risk patients were included (n=262). Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Jun 12. Epub 2017 Jun 12.

Endocrine Practice, Heidelberg, Germany.

Objectives: We describe phaeochromocytoma (phaeo) penetrance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) according to RET protooncogene-specific mutations and report changes in phaeo diagnosis and management from 1968 to 2015.

Design: This retrospective chart review included 309 MEN2 patients from one specialized ambulatory care centre. Phaeo patients were categorized by diagnosis date: early, 1968-1996, n=40, and recent, 1997-2015, n=45. Read More

J Biosci 2017 Jun;42(2):209-218

Department of Oncologic and Urologic Surgery, Nanjing Military Command Hospital Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, 40 Jichang Road, Hangzhou 310004,Zhejiang Province, China.

Approximately 98% of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) have an identifiable RET mutation. Prophylactic or early total thyroidectomy or pheochromocytoma/parathyroid removal in patients can be preventative or curative and has become standard management. The general strategy for RET screening on family members at risk is to sequence the most commonly affected exons and, if negative, to extend sequencing to additional exons. Read More

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2017 Jun 18;46(2):491-502. Epub 2017 Mar 18.

Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes types 1 and 2 represent well-characterized yet clinically heterogeneous hereditary conditions for which diagnostic and management recommendations exist; genetic testing for these inherited endocrinopathies is included in these guidelines and is an important part of identifying affected patients and their family members. Understanding of these mature syndromes is challenged as more individuals undergo genetic testing and genetic data are amassed, with the potential to create clinical conundrums that may have an impact on individualized approaches to management and counseling. Clinicians who diagnose and treat patients with MEN syndromes should be aware of these possibilities. Read More

Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2017 20;10:1179551417705122. Epub 2017 Apr 20.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Mutations in the VHL, RET, SDHB, and SDHD genes are responsible for von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), and familial paraganglioma, respectively. However, genotype-phenotype correlation data are lacking in Southeast Asia. A retrospective medical chart review was performed on patients referred to the genetics service. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2017 Apr;67(4):580-585

Medical Unit-II, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To study the causes, characteristics and outcome of treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised data of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism between 2004 and 2014. . Read More

Endocr Pract 2017 Jun 23;23(6):690-704. Epub 2017 Mar 23.

Objective: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors known to produce and secrete high levels of circulating catecholamines and their metabolites. The biochemical characteristics of these tumors can be used to divide them into three major phenotypes. The adrenergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic phenotypes are defined by predominant elevations in epinephrine and metanephrine, norepinephrine and normetanephrine, and dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine, respectively. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2017 May;42(5):379-382

From the *Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU; †Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CLB; ‡Service d'Endocrinologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU; §Service de Chirurgie Endocrinienne, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, CHU; ∥Unité de Dermatologie, CLB; and ¶EA 3637, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.

F-FDOPA is a well-established tool to explore pheochromocytomas. It tends to replace I-MIBG scan in metastatic pheochromocytomas, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2-related tumors, succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit-negative tumors, and succinate dehydrogenase[ZERO WIDTH SPACE]-positive lesions. To our knowledge, no study has characterized physiological and pathological adrenal glands with F-FDOPA from a quantitative point of view. Read More

Thyroid 2017 May 4;27(5):693-706. Epub 2017 Apr 4.

1 Endocrine Genetics Unit (LIM-25), Endocrinology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine , São Paulo, Brazil .

Background: Data on psychological harm in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) are scarce.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess anxiety, depression, quality of life, and coping in long-standing MEN2 patients.

Patients And Methods: Patients were 43 adults (age ≥18 years) with clinical and genetic diagnosis of MEN2 and long-term follow-up (10. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017 Feb;97(8):564-568

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2017 Feb;34(1):106-109

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and mutations of RET proto-oncogene in a pedigree affected with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A).

Methods: Clinical data of the family members was collected. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes were extracted and subjected to PCR amplification. Read More

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2017 Apr 6;125(4):218-222. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Head and Neck Cancer Deparment, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City.

Inherited mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, predispose individuals to the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) cancer syndromes. The major component tumor of these syndromes is medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). To date, somatic mutations in RET have been identified in tumors from individuals with MEN 2 finding. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2017 May 30;176(5):515-519. Epub 2017 Jan 30.

Departments of Medicine

Objectives: About one-quarter of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) have inherited disease due to mutations in the RET gene. A rare mutation in exon 8 (G533C) of RET, previously described in a large Brazilian family with MEN2A, also appeared to be clustering in Greece, whereas it was rarely reported in other ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to identify a possible common ancestry between these carriers. Read More

Mol Cancer 2017 Jan 26;16(1):24. Epub 2017 Jan 26.

Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany.

Background: Dominant-activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, a receptor tyrosine kinase, are responsible for the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and causative for multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B. These tumors are highly aggressive with a high propensity for early metastasis and chemoresistance. This attribute makes this neoplasia an excellent model for probing mechanisms underlying cancer progression. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Jan;96(3):e5967

aDepartment of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China bDepartment of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.

Backgroud: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a condition with inherited autosomal dominant mutations in RET (rearranged during transfection) gene that predisposes the carrier to extremely high risk of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) and other MEN2A-associated tumors such as parathyroid cancer and/or pheochromocytoma. Little is reported about MEN2A syndrome in the Chinese population.

Methods: All members of the 3 families along with specific probands of MEN2A were analyzed for their clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2016 25;2016. Epub 2016 Nov 25.

Departments of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield; Endocrinology.

Mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene, located on chromosome 10q11.2, cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Patients with mutations at the codon 609 usually exhibit a high penetrance of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), but a sufficiently low penetrance of phaeochromocytoma that screening for this latter complication has been called to question. Read More

Indian J Surg 2016 Oct 15;78(5):414-417. Epub 2016 Aug 15.

Department of Anesthesia, V.M.M.C. and Safdarjung Hospital, A7/14 Mianwali Nagar Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, 110087 India.

Familial pheochromocytomas are commonly associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome. Majority of the patients present with normal clinical and biochemical parameters in the preoperative period, the incidence of hypertension being only 50 %. Even though patients may be clinically asymptomatic, surveillance and proper preoperative evaluation is important, as surgery for associated tumors may precipitate a hypertensive crisis and result in severe complications. Read More

Semin Oncol 2016 Oct 21;43(5):582-590. Epub 2016 Sep 21.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address:

Endocrine tumor syndromes, eg, multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2, were among the first recognized hereditary predisposition syndromes to tumor development. Over time, the number of endocrine tumor syndromes has significantly expanded, eg, with the recent inclusion of hereditary paraganglioma syndromes. Associations of non-endocrine tumors with hereditary endocrine tumor syndromes and endocrine tumors with non-classical endocrine tumor syndromes have emerged. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2016 Dec;114(6):e421-e424

Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Servicio de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Zaragoza, España.

Thyroid cancer is an uncommon type of cancer, accounting less than 1% of all cancers in adults, and 0.5-3% of all cancers in children. There are four different types: papillary carcinoma (80-90% of cases), follicular (5-10%), medullary (5%) and anaplastic cell (2-3%). Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2016 Jul;15(3):435-440

Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Genomed, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa; Lisboa, Portugal.

Background And Objective: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. MEN2 is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. In the vast majority of patients, the mutations are localized in exons 10, 11 and 13-15 of the RET gene. Read More

Gynecol Endocrinol 2016 Nov 3;32(11):875-880. Epub 2016 Nov 3.

d Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wrexham Maelor Hospital , Wales , UK.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition with a prevalence of one in 40 000 individuals. It causes the development of tumours in endocrine glands, such as medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytomas, as well as primary hyperparathyroidism. MEN 2A in pregnancy is very rare with only 29 cases reported in the literature. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016 Nov 12;155(5):787-789. Epub 2016 Jul 12.

Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Medical School, and Regional Centre for Hereditary Endocrine Tumors, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

In multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A (MEN 2A), early total thyroidectomy (TT; performed before the age of 5 years) is the best option to prevent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) development, but the management of MEN 2A patients diagnosed after childhood is still under debate. Seventeen consecutive patients diagnosed with MEN 2A after the age of 5 years (mean age, 23.3 years) with a pathologic diagnosis of micro-MTC without nodal involvement were enrolled. Read More

Thyroid 2016 Nov 11;26(11):1563-1572. Epub 2016 Oct 11.

16 Veracyte, Inc. , South San Francisco, California.

Background: Current surgical standard of care in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (sMTC) consists of a minimum of total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. Some have suggested thyroid lobectomy with isthmusectomy and central neck dissection for patients with sMTC, given their lower frequency of bilateral disease, although this topic has not been thoroughly studied. This study assessed the prevalence of multifocality in sMTC via a large international multi-institutional retrospective review to quantify this prevalence, including the impact of geography, to assess more accurately the risks associated with alternative surgical approaches. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Mar 5;86(3):332-339. Epub 2016 Dec 5.

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Introduction: Guidelines do not currently recommend routine systematic hormonal screening for pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in all/normotensive patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), in contrast to other PHEO-predisposing genetic syndromes such as Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.

Objectives: To characterize and compare parameters of PHEO in patients with NF1 to patients with or without other germline mutations.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with histologically proven PHEO at the Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal from 2000 through 2015. Read More

Am J Surg 2016 Dec 30;212(6):1035-1038. Epub 2016 Sep 30.

Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, MS-01-730C, 2401 South 31st Street, Temple, TX 76508, USA. Electronic address:

Background: The last 200 years have seen remarkable achievements in the art and clinical practice of surgery. These advances include the introduction of antisepsis, anesthesia, vascular anastomosis, antimicrobials, organ transplantation, and the widespread application of minimally invasive operative procedures. Very recently, a surgical procedure has been shown to cure diabetes, representing the most effective treatment of a metabolic disorder by surgeons. Read More

Thyroid 2016 Dec 18;26(12):1744-1751. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

1 Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome caused by activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. The RET(K666N) DNA variant was previously reported in two isolated medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cases, but no family studies are available, and its oncogenic significance remains unknown.

Methods: The clinical features, genetic data, and family information of eight index MTC patients with a germline RET(K666N) variant were assessed. Read More

Vnitr Lek Fall 2016;62(9 Suppl 3):140-149

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) is a condition in which several endocrine organs of an individual are affected by adenoma, hyperplasia and less often carcinoma, either simultaneously or at different stages of life. Two existing syndromes, MEN1 and MEN2 (2A, 2B), in literature is also mentioned MEN4, are associated also with other non-endocrine disorders. MEN1 (Wermer syndrome) affects the pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic area. Read More

Asian J Endosc Surg 2017 Feb 5;10(1):66-69. Epub 2016 Oct 5.

Department of Urology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal-dominant cancer syndrome with major components of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism. MEN2B is the most aggressive and rarest of the MEN2 variants. Pheochromocytoma in MEN2 is virtually always located in the adrenal medulla, but MEN2-associated extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas (paraganglioma) are rare. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2017 Mar;28(1):41-48

Cancer Genetics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

The REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in growth and differentiation during embryogenesis and maintenance of the urogenital and nervous systems in mammals. Distinct mutations across hotspot RET exons can cause Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) characterised by development of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), phaeochromocytoma (PCC) and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), with a strong correlation between genotype and phenotype. Here, we report a 42-year-old man presented in the clinic with a unilateral PCC, with subsequent investigations revealing a nodular and cystic thyroid gland. Read More

Oncol Lett 2016 Oct 16;12(4):2657-2659. Epub 2016 Aug 16.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) is characterized by the coexistence of tumors that involve two or more endocrine glands within the same patient, and is defined as the occurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma in association with pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and parathyroid tumors or hyperparathyroidism. The pathogenesis of MEN2A is due to the mutation of a tyrosine kinase receptor that is encoded by the rearrangement during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. The mutation often occurs in exon 10q11. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2016 Sep;22(35):7892-907

Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, CP 14080, Mexico.

Idiopathic achalasia is an archetype esophageal motor disorder, causing significant impairment of eating ability and reducing quality of life. The pathophysiological underpinnings of this condition are loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The clinical manifestations include dysphagia for both solids and liquids, regurgitation of esophageal contents, retrosternal chest pain, cough, aspiration, weight loss and heartburn. Read More

Ann Surg Treat Res 2016 Sep 29;91(3):145-8. Epub 2016 Aug 29.

Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

About 20%-30% of all cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is accompanied by primary hyperparathyroidism. These patients undergo parathyroidectomy and, if needed, autotransplantation. In rare cases, autotransplanted parathyroid tissues can cause hypoparathyroidism due to failure of transplantation or hyperparathyroidism due to proliferation of the transplanted tissue. Read More

Stem Cell Res 2016 Jun 27;17(1):154-157. Epub 2016 Jun 27.

INSERM U935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France; ESTeam Paris Sud, INSERM U935, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France; INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France; Division of Hematology, Paris Sud University hospitals, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94275, Villejuif 94800, France. Electronic address:

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A (MEN2A) is a cancer-predisposing syndrome that affects patients with germline RET mutations. The clinical spectrum of the syndrome includes medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma, hyperparathyroidism and cutaneous lichen amyloidosis (CLA) and/or Hirschsprung disease in some variants. Currently, there is no satisfactory animal model recapitulating all the features of the disease especially at the level of stem cells. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2016 Aug 2;10:213. Epub 2016 Aug 2.

Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.

Background: In 2015, thyroid carcinoma affected approximately 63,000 people in the USA, yet it remains one of the most treatable cancers. It is mainly classified into medullary and non-medullary types. Conventionally, medullary carcinoma was associated with heritability but increasing reports have now begun to associate non-medullary thyroid carcinoma with a genetic predisposition as well. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016 Jul;51(7):538-41

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between different RET mutations and the aggressiveness of hereditary medullary thyroid cancer (HMTC) or the presentation of other endocrine disorders in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).

Methods: A total of 73 thyroid medullary carcinoma patients from 22 Chinese kindreds who were treated in our center from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled. RET genes in the patients and their relatives were screened. Read More

Thyroid 2016 Sep 11;26(9):1225-38. Epub 2016 Aug 11.

2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway .

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by activating germline mutations in the RET (REarranged during Transfection) proto-oncogene. MEN 2A has a strong (>95%) and age-dependent (5-25 years) clinical penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Several major studies have analyzed the predictive and prognostic factors for MEN 2A to find indicators that predict the optimal timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 Sep 11;33(5):e303-5. Epub 2016 Jul 11.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.

Notalgia paresthetica is characterized by a hyperpigmented macular pruritic skin lesion most commonly localized unilaterally in the middle and upper back region. This condition has been reported in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A (MEN 2A) in several families; it rarely affects children and it may serve as an early marker of MEN 2A. We report a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with MEN 2A and notalgia paresthetica. Read More

Endocr Pathol 2016 Dec;27(4):359-362

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) harbors rearranged during transfection (RET) gene and rarely RAS gene mutations. The knowledge of the type of gene mutation in MTC is important to determine the treatment of the patients and the management of their family members. Targeted next-generation sequencing with a panel of 47 genes was performed in a total of 12 cases of sporadic (9/12) and hereditary MTC (3/12). Read More

Arch Pediatr 2016 Aug 23;23(8):840-4. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Clinique universitaire de pédiatrie, CHU de Grenoble, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble cedex, France.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare cancer during childhood. MTC is sporadic in approximately 80% of cases and hereditary in 20%. When hereditary, it can be associated with other endocrine neoplasias and/or typical nonendocrine diseases, thus configuring the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes. Read More

Oncol Lett 2016 Jun 20;11(6):3870-3874. Epub 2016 Apr 20.

Department of Endocrinology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil, Lisbon 1099-023, Portugal.

Familial cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) may be diagnosed by genetic screening, while in sporadic tumors the diagnosis relies mainly on fine-needle aspiration cytology. The aim of the present study was to determine the demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics of MTC patients followed-up at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil (Lisbon, Portugal). For that purpose, a retrospective analysis of 140 MTC patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 was performed. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2016 Aug 6;14(2):1413-7. Epub 2016 Jun 6.

Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Cancer Hospital, Taizhou Branch of Fudan University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317502, P.R. China.

The clinical characteristics and RET proto-oncogene (RET‑PO) mutation status of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A pedigree (MEN2A) was analyzed with the aim of preliminarily exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of the disease. Clinical characteristics of a single MEN2A patient were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the proband and 10 family members. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2015 Jun 20;23(6):R229-47. Epub 2016 May 20.

National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland, USA

Familial syndromes of hyperparathyroidism, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), and the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT), comprise 2-5% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. Familial syndromes of hyperparathyroidism are also associated with a range of endocrine and nonendocrine tumors, including potential malignancies. Complications of the associated neoplasms are the major causes of morbidities and mortalities in these familial syndromes, e. Read More

Surg Endosc 2016 Dec 13;30(12):5622-5623. Epub 2016 May 13.

Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Associates, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave NW, 6th Floor, Washington, DC, 20073, USA.

Introduction: Since laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma was reported in 1992, the laparoscopic technique has largely replaced the open approach [4]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the laparoscopic approach is associated with decreased blood loss, shorter hospitalization, faster recovery, and lower cost [1]. Conversion rates are reported at less than 5. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2016 Mar 25;5(1):73-7. Epub 2016 Feb 25.

Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Giessen, Germany.

Introduction And Background: Familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) is caused by gain of function mutations in the proto-oncogene RET (rearranged during transfection). Missense mutations within exon 14 including p.Val804Met are known to cause FMTC and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a/b. Read More