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J Pediatr Urol 2019 Mar 22. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Introduction: While children with multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK) are predisposed to contralateral kidney (CK) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), it is unknown if this results in an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). The authors hypothesized that knowledge of VUR via voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) would enable altered practices to prevent UTI and thus reduce the number of febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs).

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all patients at their institution of multiple providers caring for patients with a diagnosis of MCDK from 1/1/07 to 7/14/17. Read More

Urology 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and durability of compensatory hypertrophy with solitary kidneys in the setting of those with multicystic dysplastic kidney or Wilms tumor status post nephrectomy.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK) and Wilms tumor (WT). MCDK patients were verified by sonographic findings prenatally. Read More

Radiology 2019 Mar 1;290(3):769-782. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

From the Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany (C.G.); Department of Pediatric Radiology, Jeanne de Flandre Mother and Child Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France (E.F.A.); Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.B.); Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (K.B.); Department of Bioengineering, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy (A.C.); Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany (M.C.); Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (D.H., D.F., L.P.); Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (E.A.H.); Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany (J.K., A.T.); Department of Pediatrics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (M.C.L.); Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (D.M.); PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, GPURE, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (D.M.); PKD Research Group, Department of Development and Regeneration, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium (D.M.); Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England (A.C.M.O.); Department of Nephrology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, IIB Sant Pau, REDINREN, Barcelona, Spain (R.T.); University College London Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, London, England (P.J.D.W.); and Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (F.S.).

Kidney cysts can manifest as focal disease (simple and complex kidney cysts), affect a whole kidney (eg, multicystic dysplastic kidney or cystic dysplasia), or manifest as bilateral cystic disease (eg, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease [ARPKD] or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [ADPKD]). In children, as opposed to adults, a larger proportion of kidney cysts are due to genetic diseases (eg, HNF1B nephropathy, various ciliopathies, and tuberous sclerosis complex), and fewer patients have simple cysts or acquired cystic kidney disease. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide clinical guidance on standardization of imaging tests to evaluate kidney cysts in children. Read More

Turk J Urol 2018 Nov 21:1-6. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.

Objective: Purpose of our study was to aggregate and analyse rare cases of Ectopic Ureter (EU), their association with other anomalies, clinical features, diagnosis and management.

Material And Methods: A total of nine patients with rare presentation of EU were evaluated. Combination of endoscopic and imaging modalities was used as required to define the anatomy and devise the best surgical approach in these cases. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2019 Feb 6;15(1):46.e1-46.e6. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Introduction: Renal agenesis and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) are usually associated with either an absent or atretic ureter. Occasionally, these renal anomalies may be associated with a dilated tortuous ureter, ureterocele or other cystic malformation of mesonephric duct (MND) remnants.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and classify anatomical variants of tubulocystic remnants of the MND, with a secondary focus on natural history and management outcomes. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2018 Nov 24;108:128-132. Epub 2018 Sep 24.

Department of Radiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China. Electronic address:

We sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of foetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease. We retrospectively identified 55 foetuses with MCDK diagnosed (51 unilateral; 4 bilateral) by foetal MRI. We analysed the anatomical findings by prenatal MRI and compared them with the prenatal ultrasound (US) and postnatal findings. Read More

Early Hum Dev 2018 11 10;126:38-46. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Fetal Medicine Unit, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, University College Hospitals London, Huntley Street, London WC1N 6AU, UK; Nephro-Urology Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK. Electronic address:

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and the urinary tract (CAKUT) are one of the most common sonographically identified antenatal malformations. Dilatation of the renal pelvis accounts for the majority of cases, but this is usually mild rather than an indicator of obstructive uropathy. Other conditions such as small through large hyperechogenic and/or cystic kidneys present a significant diagnostic dilemma on routine scanning. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2018 Nov;39(11):1053-1058

Departments of Pediatric Surgery.

The aim was to compare the renal dynamic scan (RDS) performed with technetium-99-L,L-ethylene dicysteine (Tc-L,L-EC) and technetium-99-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-MAG3) in children with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. A retrospective study was carried out and children with PUJ obstruction who had RDS performed with both Tc-L,L-EC and Tc-MAG3. Children with any intervention in between the two scans or a gap of more than 2 months in between renal scans were excluded. Read More

Fetal Diagn Ther 2018 Jul 10:1-8. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Service de radiologie, Hôpital d'enfants Armand-Trousseau APHP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Objective: To emphasize the need for analyzing the pelvis when a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is observed at prenatal ultrasonography (US) because of possible associated ectopic ureteral insertion.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study including prenatal US diagnosis of unilateral MCDK and retrovesical cyst. The following data were recorded: pre- and postnatal US, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) findings. Read More

J Med Ultrason (2001) 2018 Oct 23;45(4):657-660. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan.

The case of a 16-year-old male patient with left renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and an atrophic kidney due to a right multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) who presented with refractory hypertension is reported. On continuous Doppler imaging, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) at the stenotic site of the left renal artery was 404 cm/s. The FMD formed a "string-of-beads" appearance on computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and renal artery angiography. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 May 7;12(1):121. Epub 2018 May 7.

AkhmetYassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Clinical Diagnostic Center, Turkestan, Kazakhstan.

Background: Pelvic dystopia of rudimentary multicystic dysplastic kidney as a rare cause of bedwetting in children.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 14-year-old Kazakh girl who presented with difficulty in starting the stream of urine and intermittent interruption of the urinary stream while voiding as well as bedwetting, caused by a rare congenital disease (pelvic dystopia of rudimentary multicystic dysplastic kidney). The diagnostic workup, differential diagnosis, and management, and a review of the literature are presented. Read More

J Clin Anesth 2018 06 21;47:47-49. Epub 2018 Mar 21.

Department of Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017 Dec 16;12(12):1962-1973. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are provided in the Supplemental Material.

Background And Objectives: Joubert syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy associated with >30 genes. The characteristics of kidney disease and genotype-phenotype correlations have not been evaluated in a large cohort at a single center.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We evaluated 97 individuals with Joubert syndrome at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center using abdominal ultrasonography, blood and urine chemistries, and DNA sequencing. Read More

J Perinatol 2017 12 26;37(12):1325-1329. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of congenital solitary functioning kidney (SFK) in early childhood.

Study Design: A retrospective study of 32 children diagnosed in utero with SFK owing to unilateral renal agenesis or multicystic dysplastic kidney and followed for 1 to 11.5 years. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017 Nov 19;99(8):e219-e220. Epub 2017 Oct 19.

Urology, Great Ormond Street Hospital , London UK.

Extra-renal calyces are a rare anomaly of the renal collecting system, characterised by the presence of calyces and pelvis outside the renal parenchyma. It may also be associated with other anomalies, such as renal ectopia, fusion and malrotation. We describe an unusual case of extra-renal calyces with six long calyces arising from a suspected multicystic dysplastic kidney that was successfully managed laparoscopically. Read More

Prenat Diagn 2017 12 21;37(12):1213-1218. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Objective: To evaluate renal blood flow and renal volume for the prediction of postnatal renal function in fetuses with solitary functioning kidney (SFK).

Methods: Seventy-four SFK fetuses (unilateral renal agenesis [12], multicystic dysplastic kidney [36], and severe renal dysplasia [26]) were compared with 58 healthy fetuses. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the renal artery (RA) were measured; 2D and 3D (VOCAL) volumes were calculated. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018 Nov 2;31(21):2923-2929. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

d Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Akron General and Akron Children's Hospital , Akron , OH , USA.

Purpose: Neonatal renal cystic diseases have a great impact on the morbidity and mortality of the affected neonates and infants. A good insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment options of various neonatal renal cystic diseases aid in early diagnosis and intervention, thereby preventing complications.

Methods: PubMed search was done for articles on "neonatal renal cystic diseases" and relevant publications including reviews were considered for our article. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 May 1;11(5):PD03-PD04. Epub 2017 May 1.

Additional Professor, Department of Radiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) is one of the most common renal conditions seen in paediatric population. The natural history typically involves involution and many of the patients with unilateral disease may actually never become symptomatic. The initial evaluation is usually done on Ultrasonography (USG) while cross-sectional imaging and nuclear scan are reserved for diagnostic dilemmas. Read More

J Urol 2018 01 20;199(1):280-286. Epub 2017 Jun 20.

Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address:

Purpose: We evaluated predictive factors for compensatory hypertrophy and renal outcomes in a large cohort of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidneys.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review from 1997 to 2016. Contralateral kidney and multicystic dysplastic kidney length were recorded from all ultrasounds as well as creatinine when available. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2017 Jul 3;84(7):531-539. Epub 2017 May 3.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India.

The postnatal treatment of asymptomatic unilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction remains controversial, and the timing of and indications for surgical intervention are continuously debated. There is no consensus on the best follow-up during expectant management. The various modalities and parameters have been discussed along with their pros and cons and an attempt has been made to clear up the controversies. Read More

Med Ultrason 2017 Apr;19(2):159-165

Department of Radiology, Mersin Women's and Childen's Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.

Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of the cyst-to-kidney volume ratio determined by ultrasonography (US) in unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in children.

Material And Methods: Our study group included 21 children (average age: 431 days) with unilateral MCDK and 22 children (average age: 440 days) with unilateral grade IV hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction as the control group. All the children underwent transabdominal US. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2017 Mar 1;10(1):114. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Group, Douala, Cameroon.

Background: Unilateral renal cystic disease is a rare condition that shares morphological similarities with multicystic dysplastic kidney, the former often distinguished from the latter on some clinical and histopathological grounds. However serious diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas set in when there is a considerable overlap in the distinguishing features between these entities.

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old African female presented with a chronic severe debilitating right lower quadrant abdominal pain refractory to analgesics. Read More

Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2016 Dec;51(12):895-900

Department of Radiology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China.

To investigate the value of MRI in the prenatal diagnosis of abnormal fetal kidneys. From December 2014 to March 2016, 51 women underwent MRI and were confirmed as having fetuses with abnormal fetal kidneys when follow up. Their clinical and MRI profiles were analyzed retrospectively, including MRI manifestation, the fetal kidney signal intensity of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016 Dec;55(6):771-776

Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine - Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: Skeletal dysplasia with bowing long bones is a rare group of multiple characterized congenital anomalies.

Materials And Methods: We introduce a simple, practical diagnostic flowchart that may be helpful in identifying the appropriate pathway of obstetrical management.

Results: Herein, we describe four fetal cases of bent bony dysplasia that focus on ultrasound findings, phenotype, molecular tests, distinctive X-ray features, and chondral growth plate histology. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Dec 8;2016. Epub 2016 Dec 8.

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

A monochorionic-diamniotic twin baby presented with intrauterine growth restriction and anuria. The baby was found to have bladder agenesis, a pelvic dysplastic horseshoe kidney, vertebral anomalies, a ventricular septal defect and facial dysmorphisms. It was surprising to find no abnormalities in amniotic fluid indices prenatally, suggesting the possibility of urine output that declined as the pregnancy proceeded. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Dec 1;2016. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Crossed renal ectopia is a rare occurrence. The majority of the crossed units are fused to their ipsilateral mate. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in crossed fused moieties has been reported very rarely. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 24;12(6):426.e1-426.e5. Epub 2016 Oct 24.

Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Laparoscopic reconstructive surgery is associated with a steep learning curve related to the use of two-dimensional (2D) vision and rigid instruments. With the advent of robotic surgery, three-dimensional (3D) vision, and articulated instruments, this learning curve has been facilitated. We present a hybrid alternative to robotic surgery, using laparoscopy with 3D vision and articulated shears. Read More

Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2016 Nov;37(2-3):107-113

Regular ultrasound examinations carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy help in detecting many anomalies in the fetal urinary tract. Their percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all controlled pregnancies. There is a wide spectrum of anomalies that affect the urinary tract, but the most significant are: uretero/hydronephrosis (unilateral or bilateral), kidney agenesis, dysplastic kidney, polycystic and multicystic kidneys, anomalies of ascent, anomalies of kidney rotation or fusion, bladder exstrophy, posterior urethra valve etc. Read More

Actas Urol Esp 2017 Jan - Feb;41(1):62-67. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Urología Infantil, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España.

Objectives: To assess the need for implementing renal scintigraphy in the diagnosis of the multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and the safety of its conservative treatment.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of patients with unilateral MCDK was conducted at our centre from January 2005 to August 2015. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) of ultrasonography, taking renal scintigraphy and pathology as the gold standard. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017 Oct;50(4):464-469

St George's, University of London & St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK.

Objectives: To establish the diagnostic accuracy of obstetric ultrasound at a tertiary fetal medicine center in the prenatal detection of unilateral and bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) in fetuses in which this condition was suspected, and to undertake a systematic review of the relevant literature.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all cases referred to a regional tertiary fetal medicine unit due to suspicion of either unilateral or bilateral MCDK between 1997 and 2015. Diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal ultrasound reports or postmortem examination. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 29;12(6):394.e1-394.e7. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

University of Texas Southwestern and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Introduction: Reoperative pyeloplasty for recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) can be technically challenging and is associated with greater morbidity and lower success rates than an initial repair. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) previously has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective approach for management of recurrent UPJO; however, the length of follow-up has been limited. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of RALP for UPJO in children following failed previous pyeloplasty and provide clinical benchmarks for intermediate length follow-up in this patient population. Read More

Przegl Lek 2016 ;73(1):49-51

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as an impedance in the normal flow of urine from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. This leads to an increase urine pressure in the pelvicalyceal system and as a consequence cause hydronephrosis and damage of renal parenchyma. Presence of anomalous vessels crossing the ureter (crossing vessels) is one of the many reasons of UPJ obstruction. Read More

Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016 Sep;56(5):237-9

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Morioka, Japan.

Newborn cases of VACTERL association with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) are rare and there have been no reports on those patients undergoing fetal therapy in English literature. We successfully performed vesico-amniotic shunting in a fetus having LUTO caused by abnormality of the external genitalia at 16 weeks' gestation. Although fetal karyotype was normal 46XY, follow-up fetal ultrasound examinations revealed ventriculomegaly in the brain, a small stomach and a right multicystic dysplastic kidney. Read More

Urology 2016 Jul 10;93:92-6. Epub 2016 Mar 10.

Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Objectives: To review the objective and subjective success rates of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty in symptomatic patients with radiographic findings suggestive of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), but equivocal renal scans (diuretic T1/2 <20 minutes).

Methods: We reviewed 77 patients with symptomatic UPJO, who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty between August 2006 and March 2013. We grouped patients by renal scan findings into 1 of 2 groups, obstructed (diuretic T1/2 ≥20 minutes) or equivocal (diuretic T1/2 <20 minutes). Read More

Prenat Diagn 2016 May 2;36(5):463-8. Epub 2016 Apr 2.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Objective: To assess the clinical implication of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in prenatal diagnosis of MCDK.

Methods: Thirty-seven cases with MCDKs detected by prenatal ultrasound were enrolled in the study; 33 cases were isolated MCDKs and four cases were non-isolated MCDKs. CMA was performed on the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform. Read More

Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2018 Nov 28;47(6):417-427. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

Department of Radiology, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA.

Diseases of the kidney often have their names shortened, creating an arcane set of acronyms which can be confusing to both radiologists and clinicians. This review of renal pathology aims to explain some of the most commonly used acronyms within the field. For each entity, a summary of the clinical features, pathophysiology, and radiological findings is included to aid in the understanding and differentiation of these entities. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2016 Mar 18;35(3):561-4. Epub 2016 Feb 18.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York USA.

Objectives: Our objective was to describe the association between unilateral fetal renal abnormalities and other major anomalies that were not apparent in the second trimester.

Methods: A review of the ultrasound database identified fetuses with suspected unilateral renal agenesis, unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, and renal ectopia from 2005 to 2014. Neonatal records were reviewed to identify anomalies not suspected in the second trimester, and postnatal imaging studies were reviewed. Read More

J Urol 2016 Feb 4;195(2):477. Epub 2015 Nov 4.

Eur J Pediatr 2016 May 25;175(5):667-76. Epub 2016 Jan 25.

University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland.

Unlabelled: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract are common findings on fetal ultrasound. The aim of this prospective observational study was to describe outcome and risk factors in 115 patients born 1995-2001. All prenatally diagnosed children were stratified into low- and high-risk group and followed postnatally clinically and by imaging at defined endpoints. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016 Nov 6;48(5):663-665. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015 Dec;205(6):1306-14

3 Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate the incidence and spectrum of renal complications and of extrarenal diseases and syndromes in children with horseshoe kidney (HSK).

Materials And Methods: The clinical data and imaging studies of 380 subjects (median age, 2.8 years) diagnosed with HSK over a 24-year period were reviewed: 366 children and young adults and 14 fetuses, one of whom died in utero. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2015 Dec 22;11(6):328-36. Epub 2015 Oct 22.

Department of Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

Introduction: Dismembered pyeloplasty is the gold standard treatment for pelviureteric obstruction (PUJO) although endourological techniques are also employed. Outcomes and success rates for paediatric endopyelotomy are variably reported.

Objective: The study aimed to systematically analyse published literature to give an overall success rate for endopyelotomy in children. Read More

Urology 2016 Jan 19;87:e11-2. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Renal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder which may present as perirenal or peripelvic collection. Isolated renal sinus lymphangiectasia is a close differential diagnosis for pelviureteric junction obstruction on ultrasound, but can be resolved without ambiguity using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Here we describe such a case where imaging helped avoid unnecessary confusion. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2015 Oct;25(10):858-63

2 Department of Surgery and Urology, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri.

Objective: Few studies have evaluated the role of laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in the setting of recurrent ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction following open dismembered pyeloplasty in the pediatric population. We present our experience at a single institution.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients treated with laparoscopic pyeloplasty for secondary UPJ obstruction from March 2003 to August 2011 at a single institution. Read More

Prenat Diagn 2015 Dec 9;35(13):1336-41. Epub 2015 Nov 9.

Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.

Objective: The objective of this study is to report the prenatal ultrasound scan findings in four fetuses from two families postnatally diagnosed with 17q12 microdeletion syndrome on microarray CGH and review the literature.

Methods: We report two families presenting with prenatally detected hyperechogenic kidneys. In family 1, the mother had three pregnancies complicated by anhydramnios with bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys, hyperechogenic enlarged cystic kidneys, and bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys with polyhydramnios respectively. Read More

Urology 2015 Nov 2;86(5):1001-3. Epub 2015 Sep 2.

Urologic Consultants, Helen Devos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI.

Most multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDKs) are discovered prenatally. There is no consensus regarding initial workup and appropriate follow-up. We present a 9-year-old female who was fetally diagnosed with a MCDK and without follow-up returned with an 18-cm multicystic mass. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2015 Aug;47(4):638-42

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

Objective: To analyze the efficiency of diuretic renography in the management of unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) patients, by observing the affected kidney relative renal function (RRF) and drainage in the period of follow-up.

Methods: In the study, 76 patients diagnosed as unilateral UPJO were retrospectively collected. Diuretic renography was performed on all the patients initially, and during the period of follow-up. Read More

Urology 2015 Nov 12;86(5):1013-8. Epub 2015 Aug 12.

Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Electronic address:

Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and natural course of segmental multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 40 patients (43 renal units) diagnosed as having segmental MCDK between January 2002 and June 2014. Segmental MCDK was classified as typical when it was localized to the upper pole of a duplex collecting system, and otherwise as atypical. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2015 Oct;16(10):67

Albany Medical College, Albany Medical Center, South Clinical Campus, 23 Hackett Blvd, MC-208, Albany, NY, 12208, USA,

Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is the most common cause of cystic disease in children. It is characterized by multiple non-communicating cysts of varying sizes with no identifiable normal renal parenchyma. The incidence ranges from 1 in 1000 to 4300 live births, and it is one of the most commonly detected anomalies on prenatal ultrasound. Read More