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World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital/Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Supplementary motor area syndrome (SMAS) may occur after frontal tumor surgery, with variable presentation and outcomes. We reviewed the literature on postoperative SMAS following brain tumor resection.

Methods: PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to include studies reporting SMAS after brain tumor resection. Read More

Neuroimage 2022 Jun 22:119406. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Corticocortical neuroplastic changes from higher-order cortices to primary motor cortex (M1) have been described for procedural sequence learning. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays critical roles in cognition, including in motor learning and memory. However, neuroplastic changes in the DLPFC and their influence on M1 and on motor learning are not well understood. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022 Jun 23;23(1):607. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

MSk Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Background: People with symptomatic hypermobility have altered proprioception however, the origin of this is unclear and needs further investigation to target rehabilitation appropriately. The objective of this investigation was to explore the corticospinal and reflex control of quadriceps and see if it differed between three groups of people: those who have symptomatic hypermobility, asymptomatic hypermobility and normal flexibility.

Methods: Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and Hoffman (H) reflexes of quadriceps were evoked in the three groups of people. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Jun 8;219:107332. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Goethe Universität, Department of Neurosurgery, Frankfurt, Germany.

Introduction: Accuracy is crucial in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Electrophysiological and image-based techniques are used to avoid suboptimal positioning. Macrostimulation is the gold standard to delineate the therapeutic window intraoperatively. Read More

IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022 Jun 23;PP. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Deep learning for electroencephalogram-based classification is confronted with data scarcity, due to the time-consuming and expensive data collection procedure. Data augmentation has been shown as an effective way to improve data efficiency. In addition, contrastive learning has recently been shown to hold great promise in learning effective representations without human supervision, which has the potential to improve the electroencephalogram-based recognition performance with limited labeled data. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022 16;18:1219-1235. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo- FMUSP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Introduction: The brain tumor is frequently related to severe motor impairment and impacts the quality of life. The corticospinal tract can sometimes be affected depending on the type and size of the neoplasm, so different tools can evaluate motor function and connections. It is essential to organize surgical procedures and plan the approach. Read More

IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022 Jun 22;PP. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Soft robotic glove with brain computer interfaces (BCI) control has been used for post-stroke hand function rehabilitation. Motor imagery (MI) based BCI with robotic aided devices has been demonstrated as an effective neural rehabilitation tool to improve post-stroke hand function. It is necessary for a user of MI-BCI to receive a long time training, while the user usually suffers unsuccessful and unsatisfying results in the beginning. Read More

AMRC Open Res 2022 Apr;3:19

Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK.

Introduction: Dysphagia often occurs during Parkinson's disease (PD) and can have severe consequences. Recently, neuromodulatory techniques have been used to treat neurogenic dysphagia. Here we aimed to compare the neurophysiological and swallowing effects of three different types of neurostimulation, 5 Hertz (Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 1 Hz rTMS and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) in patients with PD. Read More

J Oral Rehabil 2022 Jun 20. Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Section for Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Background: Studies addressing the training-induced neuroplasticity and interrelationships of the lip, masseter, and tongue motor representations in the human motor cortex using single syllable repetition are lacking.

Objective: This study investigated the impact of a repeated training in a novel PaTaKa diadochokinetic (DDK) orofacial motor task (OMT) on corticomotor control of the lips, masseter, and tongue muscles in young healthy participants.

Methods: A total of 22 young healthy volunteers performed 3 consecutive days of training in an OMT. Read More

Orthop Surg 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.

Objective: To analyze the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) data of patients with intraspinal abnormalities undergoing posterior spinal fusion and to determine how intraspinal abnormalities influence IONM results.

Methods: Patients with severe kyphoscoliosis and intraspinal abnormalities who underwent posterior spinal correction and fusion between September 2015 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Candidate intraspinal abnormalities included Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, split cord malformation, and tethered cord syndrome. Read More

Neurodiagn J 2022 Jun;62(2):99-107

Department of Neurophysiology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania.

We report two cases of unilateral loss of TceMEP secondary to spinal instrumentation errors and the subsequent recovery of TceMEP responses following prompt intervention. During the period of TceMEP loss, there were no concomitant SSEP changes beyond the threshold criteria. Postoperative physical examination revealed normal strength and motion in the affected extremities in both patients. Read More

Neurodiagn J 2022 Jun;62(2):108-119

Department of Neurological Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital/Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, New York, New York.

Aneurysms arising from the anterior communicating artery (ACOA) are the most common intracranial aneurysms encountered. Most aneurysms can be treated with surgical clipping or endovascular coiling; however, there are times when parent vessel sacrifice (PVS) is necessary such as aneurysms with fragile necks or large/giant aneurysms. Application of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) can assist in guiding permissive temporary vessel occlusion during complex aneurysm clippings. Read More

Neurodiagn J 2022 Jun;62(2):87-98

Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, New York, New York.

Direct wave (D-wave) intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is used during intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT) resection to assess corticospinal tract (CST) integrity. There are several obstacles to obtaining consistent and reliable D-wave monitoring and modifications to standard IONM procedures may improve surgical resection. We present the case of a subependymoma IMSCT resection at the T2-T6 spinal levels where subdural D-wave monitoring was implemented. Read More

Elife 2022 Jun 16;11. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Biology, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, United States.

Animals can evolve dramatic sensory functions in response to environmental constraints, but little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying these changes. The Mexican tetra, , is a leading model to study genetic, behavioral, and physiological evolution by comparing eyed surface populations and blind cave populations. We compared neurophysiological responses of posterior lateral line afferent neurons and motor neurons across populations to reveal how shifts in sensory function may shape behavioral diversity. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 11;14(5):e24901. Epub 2022 May 11.

Neuroscience, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA.

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) techniques continue to prove useful as an adjunct in select surgeries for reducing the incidence of various postoperative deficits in motor function through the monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The Penfield and Taniguchi methods of direct electrical cortical stimulation (DECS) stand in contrast to each other. Penfield's method uses lower-frequency stimulation over a longer duration, while Taniguchi's method uses a relatively higher frequency over a short duration. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 15;12(1):9923. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to probe inhibitory intracortical neurotransmission and has been used to infer the neurobiological dysfunction that may underly several neurological disorders. One technique, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), indexes gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibitory activity and is a promising biomarker. However emerging evidence suggests SICI does not exclusively represent GABAergic activity because it may be influenced by inter-individual differences in the specific excitatory neural populations activated by TMS. Read More

Eur J Neurosci 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalography coregistration (TMS-EEG) is a promising technique to measure effective connectivity, i.e., the directed transmission of physiological signals along cortico-cortical tracts. Read More

PLoS Comput Biol 2022 Jun 13;18(6):e1009717. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.

Transmission between neurons in the extensive enteric neural networks of the gut involves synaptic potentials with vastly different time courses and underlying conductances. Most enteric neurons exhibit fast excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) lasting 20-50 ms, but many also exhibit slow EPSPs that last up to 100 s. When large enough, slow EPSPs excite action potentials at the start of the slow depolarization, but how they affect action potentials evoked by fast EPSPs is unknown. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 10;12(1):9580. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) of primary motor hand area (M1-HAND) can enhance corticomotor excitability, but it is still unknown which current intensity produces the strongest effect on intrinsic neural firing rates and synaptic activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pcASL MRI) can map regional cortical blood flow (rCBF). The measured rCBF signal is sensitive to regional changes in neuronal activity due to neurovascular coupling. Read More

Brain Res 2022 Jun 6;1790:147963. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.

The neuromuscular activity in the hamstring and quadriceps muscles is vital for rapid force control during athletic movements. This study aimed to investigate the recruitment properties of the corticospinal pathway of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. Thirty-two male subjects were participated in this study. Read More

Hum Brain Mapp 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Individual neuroanatomy can influence motor responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and corticomotor excitability after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual neuroanatomy and both TMS response measured using resting motor threshold (RMT) and iTBS measured using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) targeting the biceps brachii and first dorsal interosseus (FDI). Ten nonimpaired individuals completed sham-controlled iTBS sessions and underwent MRI, from which anatomically accurate head models were generated. Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2022 23;14:845825. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.

A close inter-relationship between mobility and cognition is reported in older adults, with improvements in gait performance noticeable after cognitive remediation in frail individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on mobility in healthy, independently living older adults, and to determine whether CCT is associated with changes in neural activation for mobility-related brain processes. Using a randomized single-blind control design, sixty-three non-demented adults age 60 y and older (mean age = 67 y; 76% female, mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score = 27) were recruited from a local Senior Activity Center. Read More

J Neural Eng 2022 Jun 20;19(3). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Action observation (AO) combined with brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enhances cortical activation. Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) increases corticospinal excitability, thereby activating brain plasticity. To maximize motor recovery, we assessed the effects of BCI-AO combined with PES on corticospinal plasticity. Read More

J Neurophysiol 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

School of Allied Health Sciences, grid.1022.1Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.

People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) typically experience greater levels of exercise-induced fatigue compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, this study examined performance fatigability in PwMS when executing a prolonged submaximal contraction. Nine PwMS (38 ± 7 yr, 6 F) and nine healthy controls (35 ± 6 yr, 4 F) performed an elbow flexion at 15% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 26 min. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2022 May;50(3):554-563

Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring techniques can be used to evaluate neural functions during surgical procedures. For removal of tumors in the skull base region, we perform them for both structural mapping of the compressed cranial nerves and continuous monitoring of their preservation. The goal is to eliminate the critical irreversible damage to the neurological structures and prevent postoperative neurologic deficits. Read More

Neuromodulation 2022 Jun;25(4):569-577

Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in clinically relevant neuroplasticity research depends on the degree to which stimulation induces robust, reliable effects. The high degree of interindividual and intraindividual variability observed in response to rTMS protocols, such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), therefore represents an obstacle to its utilization as treatment for neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein involved in human synaptic and neural plasticity, and a common polymorphism in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) may influence the capacity for neuroplastic changes that underlie the effects of cTBS and other rTMS protocols. Read More

Neuromodulation 2022 Jun;25(4):511-519

Department of Medical Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Objectives: Time awareness may change depending on the mental state or disease conditions, although each individual perceives his/her own sense of time as stable and accurate. Nevertheless, the processes that consolidate altered duration production remain unclear. The present study aimed to manipulate the subjective duration production via memory consolidation through the modulation of neural plasticity. Read More

Int J Psychophysiol 2022 Jul 1;177:230-239. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

This study aimed to test the effects of specific sport practices on cognitive sensory-motor performance and underlying brain functions in children. Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERP) were investigated during a cognitive visuomotor task in 64 preadolescent children practicing racket (Rack) sports, martial arts (Mart), indoor climbing (Clim), or not practicing any sport (controls, Cont). At the behavioral level, response speed and accuracy were studied. Read More

Muscle Nerve 2022 Jun 4. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Introduction/aims: It is important to quantify the amount of crossover innervation from the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) through Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) particularly in patients with high ulnar nerve injury who undergo nerve transfer surgery. The objective of this study is to describe a novel electrophysiological method for quantifying innervation from the AIN that can be done using conventional nerve conduction study setup and commonly available software for analysis.

Methods: Seven subjects with MGA and nine patients who had undergone AIN to ulnar nerve transfer underwent conventional motor nerve conduction studies. Read More

Cerebellum 2022 Jun 4. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Discipline of Physiology, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.

Cerebellar-brain inhibition (CBI) is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm indexing excitability of cerebellar projections to motor cortex (M1). Stimulation involved with CBI is often considered to be uncomfortable, and alternative ways to index connectivity between cerebellum and the cortex would be valuable. We therefore sought to assess the utility of electroencephalography in conjunction with TMS (combined TMS-EEG) to record the response to CBI. Read More