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Radiol Case Rep 2021 Jun 13;16(6):1454-1458. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Radiology Orthopedic surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.

Spinal subdural hematoma is a rare condition presenting with symptoms of back pain and neurologic deficits. The etiology is largely idiopathic, followed by anti-coagulant use and vascular malformation. Traumatic subdural hematomas associated with compression fractures are rare, with only a few old case reports. Read More

BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021 Apr 20;21(1):193. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

Objectives: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest is used during total aortic arch replacement surgery (TARS) in patients with acute type A aortic dissection, but it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We hypothesized that combining ACP with retrograde inferior vena caval perfusion (RIVP) improves outcomes.

Methods: This pilot study was prospective, randomized, controlled and assessor-blinded. Read More

ASN Neuro 2021 Jan-Dec;13:17590914211009851

Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, 12267Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States.

A founder mutation in human () was recently linked to a genetic leukoencephalopathy in Ashkenazi Jews that presents with the classical features of white matter disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). The neurological deficits include hypomyelination, hypotonia, gradual loss of vision, and seizures. However, the cells expressing the mutation were not identified. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 23;9:622539. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Peripartum cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, and intrauterine infection and inflammation, are detrimental for the precursor cells of the myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the prematurely newborn, potentially leading to white matter injury (WMI) with long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. Previous data show that hypomyelination observed in WMI is caused by arrested oligodendroglial maturation rather than oligodendrocyte-specific cell death. In a rat model of premature WMI, we have recently shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC) protect from myelination deficits. Read More

IDCases 2021 10;24:e01073. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Introduction: Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne illness caused by . A review of CDC reports showed an increase in Anaplasmosis, with 1,193 cases reported in 2009 compared to 5,672 cases reported in 2017, with the majority of cases between May and October. Neurologic manifestations are uncommon. Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021 Mar 24;25(5):33. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Purpose Of Review: SMART syndrome is a delayed complication of cranial irradiation that can be misconstrued as tumor recurrence or some other intracranial neurological disease. Recognition of this clinical syndrome is imperative as it can obviate the need for invasive diagnostic testing and can provide reassurance to both the patient and their loved ones.

Recent Findings: SMART syndrome is generally considered a reversible clinical syndrome; however, neurological deficits may become permanent. Read More

CNS Drugs 2021 Mar 23;35(3):331-344. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Oryzon Genomics S.A. Carrer Sant Ferran 74, Cornellà de Llobregat, 08940, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Vafidemstat, an inhibitor of the histone lysine-specific demethylase KDM1A, corrects cognition deficits and behavior alterations in rodent models. Here, we report the results from the first-in-human trial of vafidemstat in healthy young and older adult volunteers. A total of 110 volunteers participated: 87 were treated with vafidemstat and 23 with placebo. Read More

JAMA 2021 Mar;325(11):1088-1098

Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Importance: Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800 000 individuals annually.

Observations: Sudden neurologic dysfunction caused by focal brain ischemia with imaging evidence of acute infarction defines acute ischemic stroke (AIS), while an ischemic episode with neurologic deficits but without acute infarction defines transient ischemic attack (TIA). An estimated 7. Read More

Blood Adv 2021 Mar;5(5):1576-1584

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, despite reperfusion either via thrombolysis or thrombectomy, stroke patients often suffer from lifelong disabilities. These persistent neurological deficits may be improved by treating the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that occurs following ischemic stroke. There are currently no approved therapies to treat I/R injury, and thus it is imperative to find new targets to decrease the burden of ischemic stroke and related diseases. Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 03 5;13(5):7644-7659. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.

Extracellular aggregation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide into toxic multimers in the brain is a prominent event occurring in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a large amount of Aβ in the blood is derived from platelets. Thus, we speculated that platelets may play an important role in the process of AD. We first investigated the changes in platelet Aβ secretion with age. Read More

Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021 04 22;35(4):321-333. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to various degrees of lifelong functional deficits. Most individuals with incomplete SCI experience a certain degree of functional recovery, especially within the first-year postinjury. However, this is difficult to predict, and surrogate biomarkers are urgently needed. Read More

Brain Res Bull 2021 May 5;170:49-57. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China. Electronic address:

Rationale: Hematoma expansion (HE) aggravates brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and hypertension is a key contributor to HE. Plasma kallikrein (PK) is involved in hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke mice. This study was conducted to explore the role of PK in HE in hypertensive ICH. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Apr 26;271:119111. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China.

Background: Sevoflurane (Sevo) is neuroprotective in brain damage, thus our objective was to further investigate the impact of Sevo treatment on nerve regeneration and repair of neurological deficit in brain damage rats by regulating miR-490-5p and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 (CDK1).

Methods: The rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established. miR-490-5p and CDK1 levels in brain tissues were tested. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 26;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Neurointerventional Surgery and Comprehensive Stroke, Mohawk Valley Health System, Utica, New York, USA.

This report describes a patient who developed intraprocedural vascular stasis immediately following elective endovascular coil emboliation. Urgent antiplatelet treatment with the GpIIb/IIIa agent tirofiban was used. It was infused intra-arterially during the procedure, followed by a fixed rate intravenous continuous infusion, and successfully restored normal circulation. Read More

Anaesth Rep 2021 Jan-Jun;9(1):8-11. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Department of Anaesthesia Hospital Garcia de Orta Almada Portugal.

Polycythaemia vera is a common haematological proliferative disorder. It is characterised by uncontrolled red cell production with ensuing peri-operative vaso-occlusive and haemorrhagic complications. Spinal haematoma after neuraxial anaesthesia is rare; most cases are associated with technical difficulties or bleeding disorders. Read More

Exp Physiol 2021 Mar 19;106(3):700-713. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia on skeletal muscle stem cell function of ApoE-deficient (ApoE ) mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Compromised muscle stem cell function accounts for the impaired muscle regeneration in hyperlipidaemic ApoE mice. Importantly, impaired muscle regeneration is normalised by administration of platelet releasate.

Abstract: Muscle satellite cells are important stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration and repair after injury. Read More

Free Radic Res 2021 Jan 6:1-15. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Helmy Institute of Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.

Mitochondrial and immune dysfunctions are often implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we studied for the first time the relationship between ASD severity measures and mitochondrial respiratory rates in freshly isolated platelets as well as the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in isolated neutrophils. We also verified the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on mitochondrial and immune functions as well as on ASD severity measures. Read More

Brain Behav Immun 2021 Mar 2;93:288-298. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Neurology of University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. Electronic address:

Recently it was shown that the hematophagous salivary gland protein agaphelin exhibits multiple antithrombotic effects without promoting the risk of bleeding. Agaphelin inhibits neutrophil elastase and thereby reduces cathepsin G-induced platelet aggregation. However, it is still unclear, whether pharmacological treatment with agaphelin in brain ischemia is protective and, regarding its bleeding risk, safe. Read More

Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021 Mar 10;42(3):370-381. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by ruptured or blocked blood vessels. For the prevention of ischemic stroke, the coagulation state of blood and cerebrovascular protection should be considered. Our previous study has shown that salvianolic acid A (SAA), which is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge, prevents thrombosis with a mild inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Nov;48(11):300060520970773

Department of Neurology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshui, Hebei, China.

Background: Isolated body lateropulsion is a possible predominant manifestation of medulla oblongata infarction, and can occur without vestibular and cerebellar symptoms. However, it is relatively rare and challenging to diagnose.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the Harris International Peace Hospital complaining mainly of instability when standing and walking for the previous 8 hours. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2021 01 13;148:105181. Epub 2020 Nov 13.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America. Electronic address:

Introduction: Alterations of white matter integrity and subsequent white matter structural deficits are consistent findings in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), but knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying these abnormalities is incomplete. Experimental rodent models of FAS have shown dysregulation of cytokine expression leading to apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and altered oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation, but whether this is representative of human FAS pathogenesis has not been determined.

Methods: Fetal brain tissue (12. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020 4;16:2649-2660. Epub 2020 Nov 4.

Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Infectious encephalitis (IE) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are symptomatically similar in clinic, however essentially different in pathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify specific features to distinguish the two types of encephalitis for early effective diagnosis and treatments through a comparative analysis.

Methods: Fifty-nine IE patients and 36 AE patients were enrolled. Read More

Neurotox Res 2021 Apr 9;39(2):477-488. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China.

C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a platelet surface-activating receptor with the prominent involvement in platelet activation, which was found to be associated with the progression and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients. Although podoplanin is the only known endogenous ligand for CLEC-2, the role of podoplanin/CLEC-2 in cerebral ischemia injury was unclear. In this study, we examined their role by using a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020 Nov 7;29(11):105207. Epub 2020 Aug 7.

Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, EvKB, Bielefeld, Germany.

Background: Cervical artery dissection is an important cause of stroke in the young. The etiology is still discussed controversial. The most obvious reason for a dissection of extracranial arteries is due to a trauma, eg. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020 Nov 6;29(11):105139. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, 59 Daesakwan-ro, Yong san-gu, Seoul 04401, South Korea. Electronic address:

Case reports of bilateral facial palsy with horizontal gaze restriction are rare. A 62-year-old woman experienced sudden onset of bilateral adduction deficits, bilateral abducting nystagmus accompanied with facial diplegia. We confirmed acute ischemic stroke in the midline dorsal pons, where medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) and facial nerve fascicles are located. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020 Oct 13:271678X20954015. Epub 2020 Oct 13.

The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.

Incidences of repetitive mild TBI (r-mTBI), like those sustained by contact sports athletes and military personnel, are thought to be a risk factor for development of neurodegenerative disorders. Those suffering from chronic TBI-related illness demonstrate deficits in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), the ability of the cerebral vasculature to respond to a vasoactive stimulus. CVR is thus an important measure of traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI), and a possible in vivo endophenotype of TBI-related neuropathogenesis. Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 01 9;145:356-359. Epub 2020 Oct 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital, Narita City, Chiba, Japan.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a rapid screening method for COVID-19 detection is needed to decide the appropriate strategy to treat stroke patients. In acute ischemic stroke treatment, the efficacy and safety of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) for hyperacute ischemic stroke (hAIS) due to internal carotid artery stenosis (ICS) have not been sufficiently established.

Case Description: A 71-year-old man with hAIS caused by severe ICS was treated via intravenous alteplase infusion. Read More

J Chem Neuroanat 2020 12 7;110:101870. Epub 2020 Oct 7.

Pharmacological Research Center of Medical Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) as a crippling disability causes tissue degeneration via neuron loss and fiber disruption. Some researchers have tried to reverse or minimize these changes. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product derived from peripheral blood containing a variety of growth factors. Read More

Neurochem Res 2020 Dec 24;45(12):2856-2867. Epub 2020 Sep 24.

Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.

BOTOX® is a therapeutic form of botulinum neurotoxin. It acts by blocking the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junctions, thereby inhibiting the muscle contraction. Notably, many neurological diseases have been characterized by movement disorders in association with abnormal levels of ACh. Read More