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New Microbiol 2019 Apr 17;41(2). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.

The epidemiology of community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) in adults has changed significantly in the past several years. Despite substantial improvement in patient care, CABM remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, new prognostic factors could help improve patient stratification. Read More

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2019 Apr;32(2):247-251

Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California.

Purpose Of Review: Blood transfusion is ubiquitous in major burn injury. The present article describes recent research findings directly impacting blood transfusion strategies in major burn injury both in the operating room and the ICU.

Recent Findings: Transfusion strategies have been the focus of recent burn investigations. Read More

Ideggyogy Sz 2019 01;72(1-2):33-38

Bezmialem Vakif University Hospital, Department of Neurology, İstanbul, Turkey.

Background And Purpose: Although essential tremor (ET) is the most common cause of tremor, the pathology and underlying mechanisms have not fully understood yet. In addition to kinetic tremor, patients may present several types of tremor, gait ataxia, hearing deficits and eye movement abnormalities. Non-motor symptoms and signs have also added to definition of ET. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 5;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.

Despite left ventricular (LV) dysfunction increases the risk of incidental acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the association between LV function and severity of neurological deficits after AIS remains unclear. Between November 2015 and October 1017, a total of 99 AIS patients were prospectively enrolled and categorized into two groups based on National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The AIS patients with NIHSS <6 were allocated into Group 1 ( = 50) and those with NIHSS ≥6 were into Group 2 ( = 49). Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background & Purpose: Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary mechanical injury to the brain may cause blood-brain-barrier damage followed by secondary injury, ultimately culminating in cell death. We aimed to test whether one injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from the human umbilical cord can modulate brain cytokine and chemokine gene profiles and attenuate neurological injury in rats with TBI.

Methods: One-day post-TBI, the injured rats were treated with one injection of MSC (4 × 10/rat, i. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2019 Jan 14;163. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

MS Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, afd. Neurologie.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be accompanied by paroxysmal symptoms. These are diverse in nature and often not well known.

Case Description: In the emergency department, we repeatedly saw a 49-year-old man with secondary progressive MS with recurrent episodes of hypothermia, loss of consciousness, thrombocytopenia and worsening of pre-existing neurological deficits. Read More

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California.

Purpose Of Review: Blood transfusion is ubiquitous in major burn injury. The present article describes recent research findings directly impacting blood transfusion strategies in major burn injury both in the operating room and the ICU.

Recent Findings: Transfusion strategies have been the focus of recent burn investigations. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019 Apr 17;126(4):934-940. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.

Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs because of an excessively rapid and extensive reduction of the ambient pressure. Bubble-induced spinal cord ischemia is generally considered as a part of neurological DCS pathogenesis. Because helium preconditioning (HPC) recently demonstrated beneficial properties against ischemic damage, we hypothesized that HPC may decrease the neurological deficits of DCS in rats. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Mar 27;28(3):850-852. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

University of California, San Francisco, California.

Background: Polycythemia is a rare but important preventable cause of stroke with potential for recurrence when not identified and appropriately managed.

Case Presentation: This is a case of a 55-year-old Ghanaian who presented to our tertiary facility after a 2-month delay with a history of sudden onset of right-sided hemiparesis and expressive aphasia. He had suffered a previous stroke with left hemiparesis 2 years previously where hypertension and polycythemia were identified and treatment initiated. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 22;123:306-309. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

Background: Proton therapy has proven to be effective and safe in the treatment of radioresistant skull base tumors such as chordomas. Thanks to the peculiar physical properties of the proton beam, radiation energy is delivered in a narrow space called the Bragg peak and the surrounding normal tissues receive a minimal amount of the radiation dose. This is important to lower the risk of radiation-induced damage, especially in children. Read More

Circ Res 2019 Jan;124(2):279-291

From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (V.H.B., F.M.-M., I.P.-d.-P., J.P., M.G., M.A.-R., A.O.-d.-A., X.d.l.R., E.B.-T., A.M.P.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain.

Rationale: CD69 is an immunomodulatory molecule induced during lymphocyte activation. Following stroke, T-lymphocytes upregulate CD69 but its function is unknown.

Objective: We investigated whether CD69 was involved in brain damage following an ischemic stroke. Read More

Hypertension 2019 Jan;73(1):206-216

From the Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (R.J., M.W., G.L.).

Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ) exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) subjected to embolic middle cerebral occlusion were treated with AS605240 (30 mg/kg) at 2 or 4 hours, tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator; 10 mg/kg) at 2 or 6 hours, or AS605240 at 4 hours plus tPA at 6 hours. Infarct volume, brain hemorrhage, neurological function, microvascular thrombosis, and cerebral microvessel patency were examined. Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2018 ;89:367-373

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of neutrophil lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.

Material-method: A retrospective study was made of the data of 56 patients aged 20-80 years who were diagnosed with AIS and underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) status was evaluated with transcranial Doppler after treatment. Read More

J Adv Pract Oncol 2018 Jan-Feb;9(1):56-66. Epub 2018 Jan 1.

The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona; and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

Mr. M, a 65-year-old male, presented to his primary care physician with progressive fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and daily headaches for the past 3 weeks. His headaches were not associated with visual disturbances, cognitive deficits, or nausea/vomiting, and he had no history of migraines. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Background: The efficacy of SILK flow diverters (SFD) in the management of cerebral aneurysms has been established. However, the risk of complications with parent artery occlusion (PAO) remains to be fully elucidated. The purpose of our study was to analyze intracranial aneurysms treated with SFDs and assess for occurrences and potential risk factors for PAO. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018;118(9. Vyp. 2):8-13

Chechen State University, Medical faculty, Grozny, Russia.

Aim: To study the state of cerebral hemodynamics and platelet hemostasis in patients with carotid stenosis (CS).

Material And Methods: The prospective study included 123 patients with atherosclerotic CS. The 1st group included 53 patients (mean age 52±12. Read More

J Surg Res 2018 12 7;232:553-558. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Trauma Services, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Background: While massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are effective means of expeditiously delivering blood products to patients with exsanguinating hemorrhage, activation often occurs in cases with small blood volume deficits, leading to product wastage and overtransfusion. We sought to determine whether the additional implementation of a new protocol (called Rapid Release [RR]), which uses less resources, would result in decrease in blood product wastage. We hypothesized that RR would result in the reservation of MTPs for sicker patients and that blood product wastage would decrease. Read More

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018 Nov 14:1076029618811090. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.

The prevalence of neurocognitive deficits remains high in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). Major contributors to such deficits include stroke, cervical carotid artery disease (CCAD), and intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD). The risk of developing these dysfunctional vascular processes is facilitated by the chronic inflammation associated with renal failure. Read More

Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2018 Dec 10;11:52-64. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Molecular and Cell Therapy Program, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Novel strategies are needed to solve the conundrum of achieving clinical efficacy with high vector copy numbers (VCNs) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) while attempting to minimize the potential risk of oncogenesis in lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene therapy clinical trials. We previously reported the benefits of reprogramming erythroid-megakaryocytic (EMK) cells for high-level lysosomal enzyme production with less risk of activating oncogenes in HSCs. Herein, using a murine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) with a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), we sought to determine the transgene minimum effective doses (MEDs) in major organs, and if a transient increase of IDUA-containing red blood cells and platelets by repeated phlebotomy would provide further therapeutic benefits in diseased mice after EMK-restricted LV-mediated gene therapy. Read More

Neurochem Res 2018 Oct 24. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Laboratory of Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated to depressed brain energy supply and impaired cortical and hippocampal synaptic function. It was previously reported in McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic (Tg(+/+)) rats that Aβ deposition per se is sufficient to cause abnormalities in glucose metabolism and neuronal connectivity. These data support the utility of this animal model as a platform for the search of novel AD biomarkers based on bioenergetic status. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Nov 12;265(11):2704-2712. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.

The production and release of extracellular vesicles (EV) is a property shared by all eukaryotic cells and a phenomenon frequently exacerbated in pathological conditions. The protein cargo of EV, their cell type signature and availability in bodily fluids make them particularly appealing as biomarkers. We recently demonstrated that platelets, among all types of blood cells, contain the highest concentrations of the mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt)-the genetic product of Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder which manifests in adulthood with a complex combination of motor, cognitive and psychiatric deficits. Read More

Ann Hepatol 2018 Aug;17(5):810-814

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Introduction And Aim: The evaluation to determine the cause of hepatic encephalopathy consists primarily of laboratory testing to rule out infections and metabolic causes. Despite lack of evidence, it is a common practice amongst clinicians to obtain a head CT as part of their initial evaluation in a cirrhotic presenting with recurrent episodes of hepatic encephalopathy.

Material And Methods: Medical records of all cirrhotic adults admitted to a tertiary care hospital from 2007 to 2010 with hepatic encephalopathy were reviewed. Read More

Diabetologia 2018 11 9;61(11):2422-2432. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Translational Vision Research, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetic retinopathy is increasing in prevalence worldwide and is fast becoming a global epidemic and a leading cause of visual loss. Current therapies are limited, and the development of effective treatments for diabetic retinopathy requires a greater in-depth knowledge of disease progression and suitable modelling of diabetic retinopathy in animals. The aim of this study was to assess the early pathological changes in retinal morphology and neuronal, inflammatory and vascular features consistent with diabetic retinopathy in the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes, to investigate whether features similar to those in human diabetic retinopathy were present. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Nov 2;27(11):2977-2978. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Neurology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Background: Cerebral vasculitis is a serious, but uncommon inflammatory condition of the blood vessel walls, with an annual incidence of 1-2 per million. A variety of disorders including encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, acute or subacute focal deficits should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Clinical Case: A 56-year old male with a past history of pulmonary sarcoid presented with a unilateral facial numbness and loss of balance arising during sleep. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Nov 2;27(11):3095-3099. Epub 2018 Aug 2.

Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Hospital, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: Capsular warning syndrome (CWS) is characterized by recurrent conventional episodes of motor and/or sensory deficits without cortical symptoms. The purpose of this case series study was to evaluate the safety and appropriate treatment for CWS to prevent the development of complete stroke.

Methods: We reviewed our hospital records and previous reports to find patients with neurologically fluctuating profiles, and excluded those with unknown details of initial treatment/final treatment of antiplatelet therapy or radiological findings. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 11;9:906. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Département Environnement Opérationnel, Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées - Equipe Résidente de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle (Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute - Resident Operational Subaquatic Research Team), Toulon, France.

In its severest forms, decompression sickness (DCS) may extend systemically and/or induce severe neurological deficits, including paralysis or even death. It seems that the sterile and ischemic inflammatory phenomena are consecutive to the reaction of the bubbles with the organism and that the blood platelet activation plays a determinant role in the development of DCS. According to the hypotheses commonly put forward, the bubbles could either activate the platelets by direct contact or be the cause of abrasion of the vascular epithelium, which would expose the basal plate glycogen and then prompt the platelets to activate. Read More

Platelets 2018 Jul 26:1-6. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

d Laboratory of Hematology & Blood Bank Unit , University Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece.

There is a complex and not fully elucidated association between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and coagulation disorders. The goal of this study was to evaluate platelet function, coagulation and fibrinolysis in PAH patients at diagnosis, before PAH-specific treatment initiation. We enrolled 20 healthy controls and 30 PAH patients (20 with connective tissue disease (CTD-PAH) and 10 idiopathic (iPAH)). Read More

J Neurochem 2018 Jul 24. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Changes in glycerophosphocholine metabolism are observed in Alzheimer's disease; however, it is not known whether these metabolic disruptions are linked to cognitive decline. Here, using unbiased lipidomic approaches and direct biochemical assessments, we profiled Land's cycle lipid remodeling in the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and temporal-parietal-entorhinal cortices of human amyloid beta precursor protein (ΑβPP) over-expressing mice. We identified a cortex-specific hypo-metabolic signature at symptomatic onset and a cortex-specific hyper-metabolic signature of Land's cycle glycerophosphocholine remodeling over the course of progressive behavioral decline. Read More

Arch Ital Biol 2018 07;156(1-2):27-39

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy - Email:

Deficits in social-cognition processing have been identified during early stages of Huntington Disease (HD), attracting interest on their relevance as possible predictors of  neurodegenerative progression. Since the neurotrophin Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) are known to modulate human adaptive behavior, we appraised these two proteins in mild-HD using blood platelets, with the aim at finding relationships with cognitive/psychosocial skills. Thirteen gene positive and symptomatic patients (9M/4W, HD-stage II, age> 40y) together 11 gender/age matched controls without a concurrent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders, underwent a blood test to determine BDNF storage and membrane-bound SERT in platelets by an ELISA immune-enzyme dosage and [3H]-paroxetine ([3H]-PAR) binding, respectively. Read More

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2018 Jul/Aug;45(4):359-363

Victoria Muñoz, BS, Quirónsalud Hospital Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain. Carmen Martinez, BS, Quirónsalud Hospital Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain. Begoña Echevarria, BS, Quirónsalud Hospital Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain. Mª Isabel Fernández, BS, Quirónsalud Hospital Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain. Ander Pino, MSc, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain. Eduardo Anitua, PhD, MD, DDS, BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain and Eduardo Anitua Foundation, Vitoria, Spain.

Background: Autologous formulations rich in bioactive proteins promote cutaneous tissue regeneration. This case report describes our experiences with a platelet-based autologous formulation in the management of a hard-to-heal and severe gunshot wound.

Case: A healthy, 34-year-old man suffered an accidental gunshot wound of his right foot. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018 Nov;85(5):873-880

From the Department of Surgery (L.Z.K, A.J.R., A.S.C., A.T.F., R.A.C.,), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Medicine (C.M.H., C.S.C.), San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Surgery (M.J.C.), Denver Health Medical Center and the University of Colorado; Denver, Colorado.

Background: Injury to the blood-brain barrier exposes endothelium rich in von Willebrand factor (vWF), which may play a role in altered platelet aggregation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ristocetin is an antimicrobial substance that induces vWF-mediated aggregation of platelets. We examined these mechanisms in injured patients by measuring the aggregation response of platelets to stimulating agonists (including ristocetin) via whole-blood multiple-electrode platelet aggregometry. Read More

Clin Rheumatol 2018 Oct 7;37(10):2811-2817. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Behçet's disease (BD) is an uncommon autoimmune/autoinflammatory disease. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were investigated in many diseases as a marker of inflammation. In this study, we investigated NLR and PLR in patients with BD as a marker of disease activity and its association with different clinical manifestations. Read More

Mol Neurobiol 2019 Mar 5;56(3):1883-1896. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.

End organ injury in diabetes mellitus (DM) is driven by microvascular compromise (including diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). Cognitive impairment is a well-known complication of DM types 1 and 2; however, its mechanism(s) is(are) not known. We hypothesized that blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise plays a key role in cognitive decline in DM. Read More

Int J Dev Neurosci 2018 Nov 28;70:3-11. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore. Electronic address:

Myelination is a complex and orderly process during brain development that is essential for normal motor, cognitive and sensory functions. Cellular and molecular interactions between myelin-forming oligodendrocytes and axons are required for normal myelination in the developing brain. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2018 Aug 21;18(2):2417-2426. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as ≥2 consecutive pregnancy losses, and can be caused by various factors, including genetics, chromosomal abnormalities, thrombophilia, immune disorders, nutritional factors, environmental factors, psychological stress or maternal infections; however, as many as 50% of RPL cases are idiopathic. In the present study, the role of genetic polymorphisms in RPL was investigated. Four gene polymorphisms were selected by whole exome sequencing, including membrane spanning 4‑domains A14 (MS4A14)D>I (rs3217518), solute carrier family 2 member 7 (SLC2A7)D>I (rs60746313), pregnancy specific β‑1‑glycoprotein 9 (PSG9)C>T (rs3746297) and ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5)C>G (rs17143187), and the aim was to investigate their association with RPL in Korean women. Read More

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2018 07;9(4):424-433

8 Section of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Background: Thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia during neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) contribute to bleeding and morbidity. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) is a viscoelastic assay with a rapid turnaround time. Data validating ROTEM during neonatal cardiac surgery remain limited. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2018 Jun 21;15(1):188. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA.

Background: At low levels, carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to have beneficial effects on multiple organs and tissues through its potential anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative properties. However, the effect of CO-releasing molecule (CORM)-3, a water-soluble CORM, on ischemic stroke and its mechanism of action are still unclear.

Methods: We investigated the role of CORM-3 in the mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Read More

Neurosci Res 2018 May 12. Epub 2018 May 12.

Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.

Inhibition of Janus kinases 2-Signal transducers and activators of transcription3 (JAK2-STAT3) pathway has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions. SC99, a novel specific inhibitor targeting JAK2-STAT3 pathway, has been verified to negatively modulate platelet activation and aggregation in vitro. In current study, a middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in Sprague Dawley rats and primary cultured microglia was exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD/R) in vitro. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018 Nov;15(5):E67-E68

Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms often have non-saccular morphology and cannot be clipped, requiring revascularization and trapping instead. Combination bypasses are needed when 2 arteries exit the aneurysm, and extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses can be used. This video demonstrates a combination bypass used to treat a previously stented distal MCA aneurysm with both a superficial temporal artery (STA)-to-MCA bypass and an M2-to-M2 reanastomosis. Read More

Mol Neurobiol 2019 Jan 12;56(1):595-610. Epub 2018 May 12.

School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India.

Impairments in oligodendrocyte development and resultant myelination deficits appear as a common denominator to all neurological diseases. An optimal in utero environment is obligatory for normal fetal brain development and later life brain functioning. Late embryonic and early postnatal brains from F1 rat born to protein malnourished mothers were studied through a combination of immunocytochemical and quantitative PCR assay for analyzing the relative expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), proteolipid protein (PLP), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) to determine oligodendrocyte genesis, differentiation, maturation, and myelination. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Jul 21;53:112-116. Epub 2018 Apr 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Division of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.

Parenchymal hemorrhage is considered a major risk factor for perioperative morbidity in patients undergoing stereotactic brain biopsy. Studies on patients undergoing surgical procedures have suggested that evaluation of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is of limited value with regard to prevention of haemorrhagic complications. However, this issue has not yet been addressed in patients undergoing stereotactic biopsy of intracranial lesions. Read More

Neuroradiology 2018 Jul 11;60(7):735-744. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

Purpose: Endovascular stents are widely used for the elective treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Acute stenting is performed in the management of dissections, pseudo-aneurysms, broad-based aneurysms or as a 'bail out' measure after coil migration. The purpose of this study is to review the safety of using stents in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018 04 9:271678X18769515. Epub 2018 Apr 9.

3 Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.

Although platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β) mediates the recruitment of vascular pericytes into ischemic lesion to restore the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, its mechanisms still remain elusive . Compared with control PDGFR-β mice (Floxed), postnatally induced systemic PDGFR-β knockout mice (Esr-KO) not only showed severe brain edema, neurologic functional deficits, decreased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, abundant endothelial transcytosis, and deformed TJs in the BBB, but also showed reduced expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protein after photothrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In endothelial-pericyte co-culture, an in vitro model of BBB, the increment in the barrier function of endothelial monolayer induced by pericyte co-culture was completely cancelled by silencing PDGFR-β gene expression in pericytes, and was additively improved by PDGFR-β and TGF-β receptor signals under hypoxia condition. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Jul 5;115:e97-e104. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate patterns, predictors, and outcomes of postprocedure delayed hemorrhage (PPDH) following flow diversion therapy for intracranial aneurysm treatment.

Methods: From 2012 to 2016, 50 patients with 52 aneurysms were treated with the Pipeline embolization device. Device placement was performed as a standalone therapy or with adjunctive coil embolization. Read More

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2018 Mar 17. Epub 2018 Mar 17.

Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg, Lunds Universitet, Svartbrödragränden 3-5, 251 87, Helsingborg, Sweden.

Purpose: Head trauma is common in the emergency department. Identifying the few patients with serious injuries is time consuming and leads to many computerized tomographies (CTs). Reducing the number of CTs would reduce cost and radiation. Read More

Cell 2018 03 1;173(1):153-165.e22. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

CNS injury often severs axons. Scar tissue that forms locally at the lesion site is thought to block axonal regeneration, resulting in permanent functional deficits. We report that inhibiting the generation of progeny by a subclass of pericytes led to decreased fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition after spinal cord injury in mice. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Jan 24;15(1):454-460. Epub 2017 Oct 24.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.

Cilostazol (CLZ) is an anti-platelet agent that is generally used after the onset of cerebral infarction. However, CLZ is a poorly water-soluble drug and a strategy for increasing its bioavailability is required. In the present study, novel oral formulations were designed containing CLZ solid nanoparticles to improve bioavailability. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2018 Jan;68(1):123-126

Resident Medical Officer, BMI Blackheath Hospital, UK .

A 39 year old male was found unconscious at home. On arrival to the hospital the patient was profoundly somnolent but easily rousable, with no focal neurological deficits. Imaging confirmed bilateral thalamic infarcts from the occlusion of Artery of Percheron, a rare anatomic variant which is a single arterial trunk supplying the thalamus and midbrain bilaterally. Read More

Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017 Oct-Dec;38(4):555-558

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

We present a case of multiple osteolytic lesions in a 28-year-old adult who presented with headache, back pain, and hip pain of 6 months. There was no history of localized swelling or rise of temperature, no history of weight loss or evening rise of temperature. On examination, there were no focal neurological deficits. Read More