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J Int Med Res 2018 Nov 23;46(11):4806-4812. Epub 2018 Sep 23.

1 Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China PR.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of chronic cholecystitis, usually caused by gallstones impacted in the cystic duct or the neck of the gallbladder. Mirizzi syndrome results in compression of the hepatic duct or fistula formation between the gallbladder and common bile duct (or hepatic duct, right hepatic duct, or even mutative right posterior hepatic duct). Clinical features include abdominal pain, fever, and obstructive jaundice. Read More

Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018 Sep-Oct;24(5):274-281

Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jagjivanram Western Railway Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background/aim: Mirizzi's syndrome (MS) is an unusual complication of gallstone disease and occurs in approximately 1% of patients with cholelithiasis. Majority of cases are not identified preoperatively, despite the availability of modern imaging techniques. A preoperative diagnosis can forewarn the operating surgeon and avoid bile duct injuries in cases of complicated cholecystitis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 13;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Department of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

We present the case of a young female with symptoms of biliary colic and a biochemical profile consistent with biliary obstruction. Imaging was suspicious for Mirizzi's syndrome. Intraoperatively, the patient was found to have a complete intrahepatic gallbladder causing common hepatic duct compression with final pathology confirming acute cholecystitis. Read More

Dig Surg 2018 30;35(6):491-497. Epub 2017 Nov 30.

Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome (MS) occurs when gallstone impaction in Hartmann's pouch results in extrinsic obstruction of the common bile duct, and fistulation may occur.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic records of patients surgically treated for MS from November 2001 to June 2012. Patient presentations, diagnostic methods, treatments and complications were recorded. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017 18;27:45. Epub 2017 May 18.

²Service des urgences médico-chirurgicales, Hôpital Militaire Mohamed V, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Rabat, Maroc.

Mirizzi's syndrome is a rare complication of chronic vesicular lithiasis with prevalence ranging from 0.7% to 1.4% among patients who have undergone cholecystectomy. Read More

J Gastrointest Surg 2017 Sep 10;21(9):1540-1543. Epub 2017 Jul 10.

Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.

Lateral injury of the bile duct can occur after cholecystectomy, bile duct dissection, or exploration. If direct repair is not possible, conversion to bilioenteric anastomosis can be needed with the risk of long-term bile duct infections and associated complications. We developed a new surgical technique which consist of reconstructing the bile duct with the round ligament. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2017 Dec 28;62(12):3317-3320. Epub 2017 Apr 28.

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

J Gastroenterol 2017 Mar 10;52(3):276-300. Epub 2016 Dec 10.

, Guidelines Committee for the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology ''Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis'', Hiroshima, Japan.

Cholelithiasis is one of the commonest diseases in gastroenterology. Remarkable improvements in therapeutic modalities for cholelithiasis and its complications are evident. The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology has revised the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis. Read More

Semin Intervent Radiol 2016 Dec;33(4):332-336

Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Biliary obstruction occurs in a wide variety of malignant and benign conditions. The following is a unique case of biliary obstruction caused by external compression of the hepatic duct by a gallstone (Mirizzi syndrome). Owing to unusual imaging characteristics of the stone, the mass was initially mistaken for a malignancy or hepatic pseudoaneurysm. Read More

Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016 Nov 3;39(9):599-600. Epub 2015 Nov 3.

Unidad de Cirugía Hepatobiliopancreática, Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, España.

Vestn Rentgenol Radiol 2016 Sep-Oct;97(5):261-7

Objective: To improve the results of preoperative diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome.

Material And Methods: Under our supervision for 2006–2015 we had 23 patients with the Mirizzi syndrome. Verification of cholecystolithiasis, condition of gallbladder’s wall and biliary tract dilatation degree was evaluated sonographically. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2016 May 27;10:135. Epub 2016 May 27.

Second Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment of gallbladder disease. Post-cholecystectomy syndrome is a severe postoperative complication which can be caused by multiple mechanisms and can present with multiple disorders. The wide use of laparoscopy induces the need to understand more clearly the presentation and pathophysiology of this syndrome. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2016 15;2016:1030358. Epub 2016 May 15.

General Surgery Department, Private Minasera Aldan Hospital, 06810 Ankara, Turkey.

Mirizzi syndrome (MS) is an impacted stone in the cystic duct or Hartmann's pouch that mechanically obstructs the common bile duct. We would like to report laparoscopic treatment of type III MS. A 75-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of abdominal pain and jaundice. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2016 05;111(5):599

National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2016 Feb 19;20(1):17-22. Epub 2016 Feb 19.

Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Backgrounds/aims: Mirizzi's syndrome (MS) poses great diagnostic and management challenge to the treating physician. We presented our experience of MS cases with respect to clinical presentation, diagnostic difficulties, surgical procedures and outcome.

Methods: Prospectively maintained data of all surgically treated MS patients were analyzed. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2016 6;21:12-5. Epub 2016 Feb 6.

Eastern Health Surgical Research Group, Monash University, Eastern Health Clinical School, 5 Arnold St, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria 3128, Australia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Gastrointestinal bleeding can have significant morbidity and mortality. Pathological processes that cause it are diverse, and timely investigation and management are vital. Dieulafoy lesions are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and here we describe a case of a gallbladder dieulafoy lesion causing gastrointestinal bleeding. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jan 11;2016. Epub 2016 Jan 11.

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A woman in her mid-30s presented with upper right quadrant abdominal pain. On examination, there was mild upper right quadrant tenderness and negative Murphy's sign. Basic laboratory investigations revealed normal results except for elevated alkaline phosphatase. Read More

Klin Khir 2016(9):25-7

Results of diagnosis and treatment of 21 patients, suffering Mirizzi syndrome (MS), were analyzed. Informativity of ultrasound investigation and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis of MS types I and II was presented. The first stage of treatment consisted of endoscopic interventions — lithotripsy with lithoextraction, the biliary ducts stenting, nasobiliary drainage. Read More

Hiroshima J Med Sci 2015 Sep;64(3):45-9

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, which is defined as a common bile duct obstruction due to stones impacted in Hartman's pouch or the cystic duct of the gallbladder. The impacted stones and surrounding inflammation can lead to a biliobiliary fistula. We herein present the case of a 73-year-old Japanese man with a biliobiliary fistula that was diagnosed by peroral cholangiography (POCS). Read More

Gastrointest Endosc 2016 May 30;83(5):1034. Epub 2015 Oct 30.

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Case Rep Pancreat Cancer 2015 1;1(1):16-21. Epub 2015 Nov 1.

Department of Surgery, The Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Correct preoperative diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease can be challenging-even with current advances in radiographical imaging, laboratory testing, and endoscopic evaluation. A 65-year-old female with painless jaundice and weight loss was found to have cholelithiasis complicated by the Mirizzi syndrome. A 71-year-old female with new-onset painless jaundice and impacted stone in the gallbladder neck was found to have a cholangiocarcinoma. Read More

Gastrointest Endosc 2016 Mar 28;83(3):668; discussion 668-9. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Singapore Med J 2015 Aug;56(8):438-43; quiz 444

Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.

Acute cholecystitis is a common cause of right upper quadrant pain in patients presenting at the emergency department. Early diagnosis and recognition of associated complications, though challenging, are essential for timely management. Imaging studies, including ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are increasingly utilised for the evaluation of suspected cases of cholecystitis. Read More

Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2015 (11):77-81

Analysis of the possibilities of application of minimally invasive approaches in Mirizzi syndrome. Analyzed the treatment of 70 patients with the syndrome Mirizzi treated from 2002 to 2012. The study describes the features of the application of minimally invasive interventions in Mirizzi syndrome. Read More

Rev Port Cardiol 2014 Dec 11;33(12):807-9. Epub 2014 Nov 11.

Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2014 Jun;4(3):212-3

Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey.

Gallstone disease is common. However, a proportion of patients are asymptomatic and remain undiagnosed until the occurrence of complications. Common complications include acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, acute pancreatitis and cholangitis. Read More

Radiographics 2014 May-Jun;34(3):565-86

From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Presby South Tower, Suite 4895, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (A.K.D., N.D., K.H.).

Bile duct strictures in adults are secondary to a wide spectrum of benign and malignant pathologic conditions. Benign causes of bile duct strictures include iatrogenic causes, acute or chronic pancreatitis, choledocholithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis, liver transplantation, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, Mirizzi syndrome, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cholangiopathy, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Malignant causes include cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and periampullary carcinomas. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2013 Dec 5;6(6):490-5. Epub 2013 Nov 5.

Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-65, Kinseicho 1-chome, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.

Pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery is a rare complication of cholecystitis. 34 cases have been reported from 1976 to 2012, searched on MEDLINE and most of the cases have presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. We report the third case of an unruptured pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery associated with calculous cholecystitis. Read More

Radiographics 2013 Nov-Dec;33(7):1867-88

From the Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 2026, Chicago, IL 60637.

Various biliary pathologic conditions can lead to acute abdominal pain. Specific diagnosis is not always possible clinically because many biliary diseases have overlapping signs and symptoms. Imaging can help narrow the differential diagnosis and lead to a specific diagnosis. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2013 ;126(18):3515-8

Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, the First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, anzhou, Gansu 730000, China.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome is often difficult to diagnose before surgery, and is often accompanied by extensive adhesions in the cystohepatic (Calot's) triangle and the difficulty of separating tissue can lead to bile duct injury and other intraoperative and postoperative complications. The aim of this study is to investigate minimally invasive means of treating different types of Mirizzi syndrome.

Methods: Fifty-four patients diagnosed with Mirizzi syndrome were enrolled between July 2004 and May 2012. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2013 Jul;23(7):504-6

Department of Radiology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Acute cholecystitis leading to development of a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery is a very rare complication; however, a pseudoaneurysm resulting in gallbladder neck compression with dilatation of intrahepatic duct giving a Mirizzi syndrome like presentation is virtually unreported to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of a 60 years male patient who presented in emergency department with right hypochondrial pain and mild jaundice. Initial diagnosis of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm causing compression of neck of gallbladder and common bile duct was made on ultrasound examination. Read More

Intern Med 2013 ;52(12):1419

Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.

Cir Cir 2013 May-Jun;81(3):232-6

Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome is a complication of gallbladder stones impacted in Hartmann's pouch or cystic duct with compression of the bile duct. The diagnosis is made by imaging studies, although most of them are found through intraoperative surgical findings. Treatment is cholecystectomy and bile duct restoration when needed. Read More

Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2013 Feb;23(1):e17-21

Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Mirizzi syndrome is an uncommon cause of common hepatic duct obstruction resulting from gallstone impaction in the cystic duct or gallbladder neck. Mirizzi syndrome is traditionally considered as a contraindication to laparoscopic surgery mainly due to risk of bile duct injury during dissection. We present the surgical experience of 5 patients with Mirizzi syndrome who were diagnosed preoperatively and managed using minimally access surgical technique, either total laparoscopic or robotic-assisted laparoscopic approach. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2013 Jun 12;20(3):185-95. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

Diagnostic Imaging Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

An eponym is a name based on the name of a person, frequently as a means to honor him/her, and it can be used to concisely communicate or summarize a complex abnormality or injury. However, inappropriate use of an eponym may lead to potentially dangerous miscommunication. Moreover, an eponym may honor the incorrect person or a person who falls into disrepute. Read More

Gastroenterology 2012 Oct 23;143(4):e5-6. Epub 2012 Aug 23.

Second Surgical Department and Unit of Surgical Oncology, "Korgialenio - Benakio," Red Cross Athens General Hospital, Greece.

J Pediatr Surg 2012 Jun;47(6):e5-8

Section of Pediatric Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5245, USA.

Biliary tract duplication cysts with heterotopic gastric mucosa are rare congenital anomalies, with our case representing only the fourth reported case in the literature. An 8-year-old girl with several months of abdominal pain was found to have a complex cystic mass communicating with the biliary system via the common hepatic duct. Intraoperatively, inflammation caused by the cystic mass was found to have resulted in a Mirizzi-like syndrome, with a nearly complete obstruction at the confluence of the left and right hepatic ducts. Read More

Am Surg 2012 Jan;78(1):61-5

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

The objective of this study is to summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of Mirizzi syndrome (MS) and reduce the incidence of operative complications. Twenty-five cases of Mirizzi syndrome from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 male patients and 14 female patients, ranging in ages from 26 to 80 years with a median age of 51. Read More

Surg Endosc 2011 Jul 24;25(7):2179-85. Epub 2010 Dec 24.

Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.

Background: Peroral cholangioscopy-directed lithotripsy (PC-directed lithotripsy) has been successfully used for the treatment of difficult bile duct stones, including Mirizzi syndrome (MS). However, long-term outcome and risk factors for stone recurrence after PC-directed lithotripsy have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of long-term follow-up after PC-directed lithotripsy and to clarify risk factors predicting stone recurrence. Read More

Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 2010 ;169(4):90-4

Saudi J Gastroenterol 2010 Oct-Dec;16(4):295-8

Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.

A long cystic duct remnant may be found after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Stone may form in the remnant cystic duct and can cause postcholecystectomy syndrome. Remnant cystic duct calculus may rarely result in postcholecystectomy Mirizzi's syndrome. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2010 (4):67-73

Surg Endosc 2010 Oct 25;24(10):2626-32. Epub 2010 Mar 25.

Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.

Background: External dissection of Calot's triangle and the gallbladder associated with complete cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard technique to achieve a safe cholecystectomy. However, in severe acute or chronic cholecystitis, the laparoscopic application of this standard technique may be technically difficult, with an increased risk of bile duct injury, even in the hands of an experienced surgeon.

Methods: In a consecutive series of 552 cholecystectomies, 39 patients (7. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2010 Jan 18;66(1):94-7. Epub 2009 Sep 18.

Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

The clinical significance of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from clinical specimens has often been overlooked due to its low virulence. We report the first case of life-threatening bacteremic liver abscess due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus associated with Mirizzi syndrome in a 74-year-old Chinese man. Read More

J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009 Jul-Aug;33(4):636-40

Department of Radiology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of combined magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT) for preoperative diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two patients with surgically proven Mirizzi syndrome (n = 13) and cholecystitis without evidence for Mirizzi syndrome (n = 39) underwent both MRCP using single-shot turbo spin echo and 3-dimensional turbo spin echo sequences and CT. Two blinded observers independently and retrospectively reviewed the combination of MRCP and CT images and CT images alone. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009 Dec 25;7(12):e73. Epub 2009 Jun 25.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Presse Med 2009 Jul-Aug;38(7-8):1191-3. Epub 2009 May 17.

Service de Chirurgie Digestive, CHU de Tours, F-3744 Tours Cedex, France.

Gastroenterology 2009 Jun 7;136(7):e1-2. Epub 2009 May 7.

Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

JSLS 2009 Jan-Mar;13(1):104-9

Department of Upper GI Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Background: Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of cholecystolithiasis characterized by jaundice due to compression of the common hepatic duct. The diagnosis may not be immediately apparent, and management is controversial with open surgery still recommended by some authors.

Method: A case is detailed herein of a 67-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, fever, and jaundice. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2009 Mar;15(3):CS54-7

4th Surgical Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Background: A rare case of Mirizzi syndrome with atypical presentation is reported.

Case Report: An 81-year-old woman with a known history of cholelithiasis presented with epigastric discomfort and indigestion. Imaging investigations revealed Mirizzi syndrome, while a cholecystobiliary fistula at the junction of the hepatic ducts was recognized intraoperatively and treated successfully with cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Read More