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Pan Afr Med J 2022 18;41:225. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia.

Esophageal tuberculosis is a rare cause of infectious esophagitis, even in countries with endemic tuberculosis. This impairment is often secondary. We report a case of secondary esophageal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient, clinically revealed by dysphagia. Read More

Infection 2022 Jun 19. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Department of Pathology, Takatsuki General Hospital, 1-3-13, Kosobecho, Takatsuki, 569-1192, Japan.

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 08;57(8):552-554

Paediatric Pulmonology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Unit Physiology and Experimental Biology of Heart and Muscles Laboratory-PHYMEDEXP, UMR CNRS 9214, INSERM U1046, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Jun 13;22(1):533. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Tuberculosis Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 208 Huancheng East Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection involving multiple organs and systems. Its hematological presentation mainly includes anemia and leukocytosis. Evans syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, with positive results for the direct Coombs test and platelet antibodies. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Ophthalmology (M-MZ, LL), and Department of Pathology (Y-qB), The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Significance: Sarcoidosis is a variable, multisystem granulomatous disease which can affect many organs including the lungs, lymph nodes and eyes. It is difficult to differentiate sarcoidosis and tuberculosis due to their similar clinical and pathological features.

Purpose: To describe a sarcoidosis case with typical ocular and systemic manifestations combined with suspected tuberculosis infection. Read More

QJM 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 7;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa

Lung disease with diffuse nodules has a broad differential diagnosis. We present a case of childhood papillary thyroid carcinoma with diffuse lung metastases in which the diagnosis was delayed due to fact that the diffuse nodules were considered to be pathognomonic of miliary tuberculosis. Diffuse nodular lung disease in children requires a careful diagnostic approach. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2022 Jun 25;10(6):e0981. Epub 2022 May 25.

Center of Pulmonary Disease, Tokyo National Hospital National Hospital Organization Kiyose Japan.

Miliary tuberculosis is often associated with cerebral tuberculoma, which can manifest during treatment. We present images of a patient with cerebral tuberculoma detected due to emerging neurological symptoms during treatment of miliary tuberculosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 24;15(5). Epub 2022 May 24.

Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.

A healthy, immunocompetent South Asian man in his mid-20s, with a medical history of gastric ulcer, presented to Accident & Emergency with pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, night sweats, weight loss, dry cough and asymptomatic iron deficiency anaemia. Following his initial assessment and investigations (chest X-ray, CT and blood tests), a diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis (TB) was made and empirical antimicrobial treatment started. However, subsequent microbiological testing, including urine, blood, induced sputum and lymph node sampling, was negative. Read More

Paediatr Int Child Health 2022 May 19:1-6. Epub 2022 May 19.

Department of Paediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in infants is important but is commonly missed because the symptoms are often non-specific.

Case Presentation: A Nepalese male infant born at 26 weeks gestation and weighing 1227 g (97th centile) was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) immediately after birth for the management of his prematurity. After extubation on Day 8, his oxygen saturation became unstable and he required nasal continuous positive airway pressure with oxygen for 3 months. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2022 Apr 18;11(4):1558-1560. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Tuberculosis (TB) is quite prevalent in developing countries, with an ever-rising incidence of extrapulmonary cases. TB of bones and joints is quite challenging to diagnose. Most spinal TB lesions localize at the thoracic and lumbar levels; cervical lesions are a rarity. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2022 Apr 18;11(4):1536-1538. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Department of Pediatrics, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

A five-month-old infant presented with fever and cough for 3 weeks. She was diagnosed with multiple tuberculomas and cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis. She was a household contact of an open case of tuberculosis (TB) and developed severe disease, although she had received the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and had no primary or secondary immunodeficiency. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2022 14;12:e2021370. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharastra, India.

Background: India accounts for the highest number of TB cases globally (almost one-fifth of the global burden and almost two-thirds of the cases in South East Asia. Furthermore, the development of drug resistance of varying levels such as multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensively-drug resistance TB (XDR-TB) and total-drug resistant TB (TDR-TB) has been on the increase, and now India also features in the 27 high-MDRTB-burden countries. Almost parallel to these developments, in the last few years, we have been encountering less common morphological forms of pulmonary TB (PTB) at autopsies. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 Apr 29;22(1):417. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beiguan St. #9, Beijing, 101149, China.

Background: Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is one of the severest manifestations of TB that can be lethal when concomitant with the central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Bacteriological, biochemical and radiological methods for find CNS comorbidity in miliary TB was evaluated in this study.

Methods: Consecutive miliary TB adults were retrospectively enrolled from two designated TB hospitals in China. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Apr 28:11206721221098284. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Ministério da Saúde BR, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.

Introduction: This article aims to describe a patient with Parinaud syndrome due to neurotuberculosis confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Case Report: Initially, patient sought medical care, performed a chest x-ray and later a chest CT scan, with a probable diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. In addition, she presented binocular diplopia worse at right lateral gaze, paresis of vertical gaze, light near-dissociation and convergent retraction nystagmus and presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis on PCR Xpert MTB/RIF. Read More

J Trop Pediatr 2022 04;68(3)

Department of Pediatrics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai 400008, India.

Congenital tuberculosis (CTB) is an uncommon yet, well-defined condition. CTB has a non-specific clinical presentation, making the diagnosis difficult. The rarity of CTB in neonates is due to the difficulty in distinguishing between congenital and postnatally acquired infection, and non-specific symptoms in the newborn, which are often misdiagnosed. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2022 07 25;120:168-169. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China. Electronic address:

S Afr J Surg 2022 Mar;60(1):62-66

Division of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa and Division of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) otitis media is an uncommon site of extrapulmonary TB and can primarily present as a complicated TB mastoiditis (TBM). This complication is rare in children, even in TB endemic areas but necessitates early identification as delays can lead to severe morbidities. We describe the clinical characteristics as a case series to raise awareness of the condition, and highlight fundamentals related to diagnosis and management. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 17;14(3):e23275. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Gastrointestinal Surgery, Synergy Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, IND.

The most common site of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is the ileocecal region. The duodenum and pancreas are rare sites of abdominal TB. It is usually observed in immunocompromised patients with miliary or disseminated TB. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2022 Jul 13;120:41-43. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address:

A woman presented with cough, fever, and dyspnea during a twin pregnancy following a 13th in vitro fertilization procedure. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis and tuberculostatic treatment was initiated, complicated by drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In retrospect, previous pelvic tuberculosis had likely been overlooked. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2022 Aug 14;121:113-119. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Pediatrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Background: Evidence varies regarding the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Data on protection by BCG vaccination against severe tuberculosis (TB) among children in China remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a case-based, multicenter retrospective study at three children's hospitals in China. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 04 7;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Indian J Tuberc 2022 Apr 11;69(2):246-249. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203 India.

Tuberculosis is a major healthcare burden in India, which accounts for the maximum number of cases worldwide. Due to its non-specific features, peritoneal tuberculosis has been dubbed as the great mimicker of various other abdominal pathologies. This case series highlights the importance of incidental intra operative detection of peritoneal tuberculosis in cases being operated for renal pathologies. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 28;14(2):e22715. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA.

Tuberculous myocarditis has a high mortality rate and is often associated with a delay in the diagnosis because of the low index of suspicion and insidious course. Most of the reported cases predominantly occur in young, immunocompetent patients. Delays in diagnosis may result in fatal complications. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2022 Mar 20;10(3):e0910. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology National Hospital Organization Utsunomiya Hospital Tochigi Japan.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a rare but important differential diagnosis in patients with impaired consciousness. Here, we describe a case of TBM in an 83-year-old Japanese woman who presented to a local hospital with fever and decreased consciousness of 20 days' duration (from day -40). She was started on treatment for bacterial meningitis due to an increased cerebrospinal fluid cell count, but her condition did not improve. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Feb;101(7):e28656

Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, China.

Rationale: The clinical manifestations in patients with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) are nonspecific and may present challenges for early diagnosis.

Patient Concerns And Diagnoses: We describe the case of a 44-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and discomfort for more than a month. He had undergone surgery for a chest wall abscess 9 months ago. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 20;14(2):e22406. Epub 2022 Feb 20.

Pulmonary and Critical Care, Richmond University Medical Center, New York, USA.

E-cigarette usage or vaping is becoming more popular as an alternative option to cigarette smoking. Vaping is associated with a wide degree of pulmonary injuries such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury is an acute or subacute respiratory illness that can be severe and life-threatening. Read More

Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022 Jun 24;17:100361. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.

Background: Over 10-years of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of in Birmingham presents an opportunity to explore epidemiological trends and risk factors for transmission in new detail.

Methods: Between 1st January 2009 and 15th June 2019, we obtained the first WGS isolate from every patient resident in a postcode district covered by Birmingham's centralised tuberculosis service. Data on patients' sex, country of birth, social risk-factors, anatomical locus of disease, and strain lineage were collected. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 May 21;17(5):1656-1664. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Tuberculosis bacilli can enter the human body through the digestive system, the skin, and the mucous membranes, although they mainly enter through the respiratory tract. TB bacilli can enter the bloodstream and attack other organs including the lymphatic system. The TB bacillus can cause miliary tuberculosis once they have entered the bloodstream and infiltrated the lymphatic system, which can then manifest as large lymph nodes in the hilum, mediastinum, and lung. Read More

Intern Med 2022 Mar 26. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Anti-Tuberculosis Association Osaka Fukujuji Hospital, Japan.

An 82-year-old man with miliary tuberculosis was admitted to our hospital. Approximately six weeks after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment, he complained of pain in the fingers, wrists, and ankles. A histopathological examination of the synovial biopsy revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation with no granulomas. Read More