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Clin Neurophysiol 2020 Jun 18;131(8):1933-1946. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Objectives: To evaluate alterations of top-down and/or bottom-up attention in migraine and their cortical underpinnings.

Methods: 19 migraineurs between attacks and 19 matched control participants performed a task evaluating jointly top-down and bottom-up attention, using visually-cued target sounds and unexpected task-irrelevant distracting sounds. Behavioral responses and magneto- and electro-encephalography signals were recorded. Read More

Neurologist 2020 Jul;25(4):97-100

Departments of Neurology.

Background: Noninvasive neuromodulation devices have been used for a variety of headache disorders, including cluster and migraine, since recently being cleared by the Federal Drug Administration. Although these devices have been touted as low-risk options for improved headache control, the data behind actual efficacy endpoints remain unclear.

Objective: To critically assess current evidence regarding the efficacy of the noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) device for acute migraine management. Read More

J Clin Sleep Med 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School -Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts.

Study Objectives: To describe sex, age and body mass index (BMI) differences in comorbidities and polysomnography (PSG) measures, categorized using three different apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) criterion, in sleep clinic patients with mild obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 305 (64% female) adult sleep clinic patients who underwent full night in-laboratory polysomnography diagnosed with mild SDB and prescribed positive airway pressure (PAP). Effects of sex, age and BMI on comorbidities and PSG measures including rates of AHI defined by ≥3% desaturations (AHI), with arousals (AHI), by ≥4% desaturations (AHI) and by respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were evaluated. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

"Encephalopathy" is a vague term that encompasses varying definitions, often with a nonspecific clinical presentation and numerous possible pathophysiologic causes. Hence, MR imaging plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment by identifying imaging patterns when there is limited clinical history in such patients with acute encephalopathy. The aim of this review was to aid in remembrance of etiologies of potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndromes on MR imaging. Read More

J Headache Pain 2020 Jul 2;21(1):83. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Background: Purine receptors play roles in peripheral and central sensitization and are associated with migraine headache. We investigated the possibility that ATP plays a permissive role in the activation of AMPA receptors thus inducing Glu release from nerve terminals isolated from the rat trigeminal caudal nucleus (TCN).

Methods: Nerve endings isolated from the rat TCN were loaded with [H]D-aspartic acid ([H]D-ASP), layered into thermostated superfusion chambers, and perfused continuously with physiological medium, alone or with various test drugs. Read More

Cephalalgia 2020 Jul 2:333102420938652. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Background: Ubrogepant, a small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, was recently approved as an oral medication for the acute treatment of migraine. This study aimed to determine whether ubrogepant shows efficacy in a preclinical model of migraine-like pain and whether repeated oral administration of ubrogepant induces latent sensitization relevant to medication overuse headache in rats.

Methods: A "two-hit" priming model of medication overuse headache was used. Read More

Headache 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Background: Migraine, especially migraine with aura (MA), has been linked to increased risk for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The possible role of elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy, a cause of thrombophilia) in migraine has been demonstrated by several studies.

Objective: The present study aims to review and meta-analyze data from studies investigating the difference of serum Hcy and Hcy lowering vitamins between migraine patients and healthy controls (HC), as well as between patients with MA and migraine without aura (MO). Read More

Neurol Sci 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Quarantine is a well-known risk factor for psychological and psychiatric disturbances. We evaluated burden of migraine during lockdown due to COVID 19 pandemia. Forty-nine subjects followed in our headache clinic for migraine were evaluated for migraine burden by means of global assessment of migraine severity (GAMS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) by phone interview. Read More

Cephalalgia 2020 Jul 1:333102420937724. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.

Background: The Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel might play a role in migraine. However, different mechanisms for this have been suggested. The purpose of our study was to investigate the localization and significance of TRPA1 channels in rat pial and dural arteries. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2020 Jun 28:173312. Epub 2020 Jun 28.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Department of Surgery, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210017, PR China; Department of Surgery, Nanjing Shuiximen Hospital, Jiangsu Province, 210017, PR China. Electronic address:

Ion channels are important therapeutic targets due to their plethoric involvement in physiological and pathological consequences. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) is a nonselective cation channel that controls Ca homeostasis. It has been proposed to be the predominant thermoreceptor for cellular and behavioral responses to cold stimuli in the TRP channel subfamilies and exploited so far to reach the clinical-stage of drug development. Read More

Bipolar Disord 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: There is substantial evidence of increased prevalence of migraines, and negative psychiatric correlates of migraines, in adults withbipolar disorder (BD). Given the paucity of data on this topic in youth, we investigated the prevalence and correlates of migraine in a large sample of adolescents with BD.

Method: The study included 165 adolescents with BD-I, -II or -not otherwise specified (NOS), diagnosed via the KSADS-PL semi-structured interview, and 89 healthy controls (HCs). Read More

J Behav Addict 2020 Jun 26. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

1Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.

Background And Aims: Changes in the nomenclature of addictions suggest a significant shift in the conceptualization of addictions, where non-substance related behaviors can also be classified as addictions. A large amount of data provides empirical evidence that there are overlaps of different types of addictive behaviors in etiology, phenomenology, and in the underlying psychological and biological mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the co-occurrences of a wide range of substance use and behavioral addictions. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2020 Jun;78(6):370-379

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Recife PE, Brazil.

Background: Individuals with migraine usually complain about lower memory performance. Diagnostic methods such as neuroimaging may help in the understanding of possible morphologic and functional changes related to the memory of those individuals. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the available literature on neuroimaging changes related to memory processing in migraine. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2020 Jun;78(6):337-341

Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Konya, Turkey.

Background: Migraine is a multifactorial neurovascular syndrome and closely associated to inflammation. Cystatin C (Cys C) is a neuroendocrine polypeptide which also plays a role in inflammation. Objective: To investigate the levels of Cys C in migraine patients without aura. Read More

ScientificWorldJournal 2020 16;2020:4790254. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Recurring migraine disorders are a common medical problem, standing among the top causes of disability and sufferings. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological evidence to report updated estimates on prevalence, risk factors, and associated comorbidities of migraine headache in the Arab countries. . Read More

Headache 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.

Objective: To review the literature on the mechanism of action of onabotulinumtoxinA in chronic migraine.

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is a chronic migraine preventive treatment that significantly reduces headache frequency. The traditional mechanism described for onabotulinumtoxinA - reducing muscle contractions - is insufficient to explain its efficacy in migraine, which is primarily a sensory neurological disease. Read More

Expert Rev Neurother 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Despite the available prophylactic and acute drugs for migraine management, this disabling disorder remains undertreated especially among pediatrics. In this review, the authors aim at assessing the preventive role cinnarizine plays in treating migraine based on previously published studies.

Areas Covered: Randomized clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized open-label trials and retrospective studies concerning cinnarizine in migraine prevention in children and adults were reviewed. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2020 12;14:227. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Previous studies have shown that vestibular migraine (VM) is a cerebral disease with recurrent vertigo. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is an effective type of physical therapy for minimizing vestibular symptoms, as it improves vestibular compensation in patients with VM. Currently, the cerebral regions that are associated with the pathogenesis of VM are largely unknown. Read More

Cephalalgia 2020 Jun 27:333102420937655. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: In recent years, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides (PACAPs) have gained special interest in headache science. VIP and PACAPs (two isoforms, PACAP27 and PACAP38) are related in structure and function, as are their receptors, but they show differences in vasodilating- and headache-inducing properties. Intravenous infusion of PACAP27 or PACAP38, but not VIP, induces a long-lasting dilation of cranial arteries and delayed headache. Read More

BMC Neurol 2020 Jun 27;20(1):256. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit, Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory System Department-SMBNOS, Bari Aldo Moro University, Policlinico General Hospital, Giovanni XXIII Building, Via Amendola 207, A 70124, Bari, Italy.

Background: Although the criteria for acute migraine treatment and prevention have been well described, there are still unmet needs, general underuse and low benefits of preventive drugs. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively observe the short-term effect of preventive treatment in a cohort of migraine patients attending a tertiary headache center, using data from electronic medical records.

Methods: This was an observational retrospective cohort study based on data collected in a tertiary headache center. Read More

Headache 2020 Jun 27. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Tominaga Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Objective: To clarify the detailed clinical characteristics of cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) of Japanese patients with migraine and to get insight into the pathophysiological implications.

Background: Recent studies reported that CAS in migraine is causing diagnostic confusion with cluster headache or sinus headache; however, most reports have concerned Caucasians, and Asian data are scarce. The regional differences in the clinical characteristics of primary headaches between Caucasians and Asians have also been revealed recently. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 Jun 26. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Migraine is thought to be a neurovascular disorder and increases the likelyhood to develop ischemic complications. Studies have shown that vascular disorders such as ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal artery and vein obstructions are more common in patients with migraine. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between retinal and optic disc microvasculature between migraine patients with and without aura and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. Read More

Cephalalgia 2020 Jun 26:333102420937742. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Unit of Medical Toxicology, Headache Centre and Drug Abuse; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Background: Reduced blood or cerebrospinal fluid levels of allopregnanolone are involved in menstrual cycle-linked CNS disorders, such as catamenial epilepsy. This condition, like menstrually-related migraine, is characterized by severe, treatment-resistant attacks. We explored whether there were differences in allopregnanolone, progesterone and testosterone serum levels between women with menstrually-related migraine (MM, n = 30) or postmenopausal migraine without aura who had suffered from menstrually-related migraine during their fertile age (PM, n = 30) and non-headache control women in fertile age (FAC, n = 30) or post-menopause (PC, n = 30). Read More

J Pharm Pharmacol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

Objectives: To investigate the formulation of the peptide-based antagonist ( Pro, Phe)CGRP , of the human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor as a potential nasally delivered migraine treatment.

Methods: Peptide sequences were prepared using automated methods and purified by preparative HPLC. Their structure and stability were determined by LC-MS. Read More

Turk J Emerg Med 2020 Apr-Jun;20(2):63-68. Epub 2020 May 27.

Emergency Medicine Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding intravenous midazolam to paracetamol in the treatment of patients with primary headache referring to the emergency department.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 120 patients (18-65 years old) with primary headache referring to the emergency department were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups (case: paracetamol + midazolam and control: paracetamol + placebo), and the treatment was administered based on the treatment group. Read More

Child Neurol Open 2020 Jan-Dec;7:2329048X20932714. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Alice in Wonderland syndrome is a disorienting perceptual disorder characterized by discrete episodes of bizarre visual illusions and spatial distortions which has been associated with numerous neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Little is known regarding the electrophysiologic correlates of the visual symptoms described in this syndrome. The authors report the unique case of an 8-year-old boy presenting with visual distortions consistent with Alice in Wonderland syndrome, and an electroencephalogram demonstrating bilateral temporo-occipital slowing which correlated with symptoms of micropsia, teleopsia, and dysmorphopsia. Read More

Glia 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a pathological neural excitation that underlies migraine pathophysiology. Since glutamate receptor antagonists impair CSD propagation, susceptibility to CSD might be determined by any of the neuronal (excitatory amino acid carrier 1 [EAAC1]) and glial (GLutamate ASpartate Transporter [GLAST] and glial glutamate transporter 1 [GLT-1]) glutamate transporters, which are responsible for clearing extracellular glutamate. To investigate this hypothesis, we performed electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and electrochemical analyses using EAAC1- (EAAC1 KO), GLAST- (GLAST KO), and conditional GLT1-1-knockout mice (GLT-1 cKO) to assess altered susceptibility to CSD. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020 Jun 18;196:106019. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Neuroscience Clinic and First Scan Radiology Department, First Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Background: Migraine is one of the most common complaints encountered in neurology clinics. Accurate diagnoses of migraine are usually informed by the patient's history, and neuroimaging is only performed in cases of atypical or severe, medically intractable headache to rule out underlying pathologies. Our study aimed to identify the spectrum of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings characteristic of chronic headache. Read More

Pain Med 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Neurology, Kudret International Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Ann Neurol 2020 Jun 25. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.

Objective: CGRP pathway inhibitors are emerging treatments for migraine. CGRP-mediated vasodilation is, however, a critical rescue mechanism in ischemia. We, therefore, investigated whether gepants, small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, worsen cerebral ischemia. Read More

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020 Jun 25;66(4):1-7. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.

Vitex negundo (VN) is a widely used plant in folk medicine, namely for the treatment of jaundice, wounds, body ache, toothache, asthma, eye pain, and migraine. These effects have been increasingly attributed to its chemical composition. Here, we assessed the VN chemical and nutritional composition and biological activity, with particular emphasis on antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Read More

Front Public Health 2020 9;8:172. Epub 2020 Jun 9.

IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Chronic pain prevalence is high worldwide and increases at older ages. Signs of premature aging have been associated with chronic pain, but few studies have investigated aging biomarkers in pain-related conditions. A set of DNA methylation (DNAm)-based estimates of age, called "epigenetic clocks," has been proposed as biological measures of age-related adverse processes, morbidity, and mortality. Read More

Front Neurol 2020 4;11:503. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.

To identify factors associated with prior stroke at presentation in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) and patent foramen ovale (PFO). We studied cross-sectional data from the International PFO Consortium Study (NCT00859885). Patients with first-ever stroke and those with prior stroke at baseline were analyzed for an association with PFO-related (right-to-left shunt at rest, atrial septal aneurysm, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and Valsalva maneuver) and PFO-unrelated factors (age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, migraine, coronary artery disease, aortic plaque). Read More

Front Neurol 2020 4;11:440. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache with unilateral ophthalmoplegia due to paresis of cranial nerve III, IV, or VI. The recent revision to the International Headache Classification has reclassified it as recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON). However, it is of note that the presentation of oculomotor nerve tumors may mimic RPON. Read More

Front Neurosci 2020 5;14:524. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.

The mammalian diving response (DR) is a remarkable behavior that was first formally studied by Laurence Irving and Per Scholander in the late 1930s. The DR is called such because it is most prominent in marine mammals such as seals, whales, and dolphins, but nevertheless is found in all mammals studied. It consists generally of breathing cessation (apnea), a dramatic slowing of heart rate (bradycardia), and an increase in peripheral vasoconstriction. Read More

CNS Spectr 2020 Jun 25:1-33. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

J Headache Pain 2020 Jun 24;21(1):81. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Centre for Reproductive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.

Background: Many studies have described the features of menstrually-related migraines (MRM) in the natural cycle and the efficacy of prevention. MRM in combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) users has scarcely been researched. Estrogen and progestin withdrawal in CHC users are both more abrupt and from higher hormone levels compared with the natural cycle. Read More

J Child Neurol 2020 Jun 24:883073820931256. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Aims: To conduct a review of the literature on the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of pediatric chronic migraine.

Methods: A review of the literature was performed using EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane/Ovid. Using our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we targeted any study, published before April 2020, evaluating the efficacy of botulinum toxin in migraineurs younger than 18 years. Read More

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020 Jun 24:271678X20935998. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a self-propagated wave that provokes transient disorder of numerous cell and tissue functions, and that may kill neurons in metabolically compromised tissue. We examined the mechanisms underlying the main hallmark of SD, a giant extracellular potential (ΔV) for which multiple electromotive forces have been proposed. The end-point is that neurons and not glia, dendritic channels and not spatial currents, and increased sodium conductance rather than potassium gradients, appear to be the main actors in the generation of the negative ΔV. Read More

Cephalalgia 2020 Jun 24:333102420920006. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.

Background: Medication overuse is a significant issue that complicates the treatment of headache disorders. The most effective medications for the acute treatment of migraine all have the capacity to induce medication overuse headache (MOH). Novel acute migraine-specific treatments are being developed. Read More

Depress Anxiety 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Depression and anxiety are well-recognized comorbid health conditions among adults with migraine due to their humanistic and economic burden. This review was conducted to systematically assess the humanistic and economic burden of comorbid depression and/or anxiety disorder among adults with migraine.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and CINAHL via EBSCO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews via OVID. Read More

J Pharm Pharmacol 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objectives: Migraine is a neurological disorder with unilateral pulsatile headache which can affect the functions of sufferers. Migraineurs experience some undesirable symptoms such as pain, nausea, vomiting and in some cases auras which make the oral delivery non-selective. The lipid nanoparticles are considered as good carriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery. Read More

Toxicol Sci 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

NIHR-Wellcome Trust King's Clinical Research Facility, SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK.

Small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have demonstrated therapeutic potential for the treatment of migraine. However, previously investigated CGRP receptor antagonists, telcagepant and MK-3207, were discontinued during clinical development because of concerns about drug-induced liver injury. A subsequent effort to identify novel CGRP receptor antagonists less likely to cause hepatotoxicity led to the development of ubrogepant. Read More

Drugs Aging 2020 Jul;37(7):463-468

Center for Neurologic Restoration, Headache Section, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Neurological Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk C21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.

Although the prevalence of migraine tends to decrease in the fifth to sixth decades of life, there are still a significant number of patients > 65 years of age who experience migraine or have new-onset migraine. Because these older patients are often excluded from clinical trials, there are fewer evidence-based treatment guidelines for them. Migraine treatment in the older population requires careful consideration of changes in medication metabolism and increased medical comorbidities. Read More

Discoveries (Craiova) 2020 Jun 12;8(2):e110. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.

Epilepsy is a condition marked by abnormal neuronal discharges or hyperexcitability of neurons with synchronicity and is recognized as a major public health concern. The pathology is categorized into three subgroups: acquired, idiopathic, and epilepsy of genetic or developmental origin. There are approximately 1000 associated genes and the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated inhibition, as well as glutamate mediated excitation, forms the basis of pathology. Read More

J Headache Pain 2020 Jun 23;21(1):79. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Eli Lilly Italia, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

Background: Migraine clinical profile may change with age, making it necessary to verify that migraine treatments are equally safe and effective in older patients. These analyses evaluated the effects of patient age on the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of galcanezumab for prevention of migraine.

Methods: Analyses included efficacy data from three double-blind phase 3 clinical trials: two 6-month studies in episodic migraine (EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2: N = 1773) and one 3-month study in chronic migraine (REGAIN:N = 1113). Read More

J Pain 2020 Jun 20. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

University at Buffalo, State University of New York.

Pain is a major health problem among US adults. Surprisingly little, however, is known about educational disparities in pain, especially among the nonelderly. In this study, we analyze disparities in pain across levels of educational attainment. Read More

Headache 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Allergan plc, Madison, NJ, USA.

Objective: To evaluate the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction and the safety and tolerability when ubrogepant and sumatriptan are coadministered in a Phase 1 study in healthy participants, and to inform the safety and tolerability of ubrogepant alone and in combination with triptans in Phase 3 trials in participants with migraine.

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilatory neurotransmitter believed to play a key role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Ubrogepant (UBRELVY™) is a potent and selective antagonist of the human calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor approved for the acute treatment of migraine. Read More

Bioinformatics 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.

Motivation: Correlating genetic loci with a disease phenotype is a common approach to improve our understanding of the genetics underlying complex diseases. Standard analyses mostly ignore two aspects, namely genetic heterogeneity and interactions between loci. Genetic heterogeneity, the phenomenon that different genetic markers lead to the same phenotype, promises to increase statistical power by aggregating low-signal variants. Read More