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J Am Heart Assoc 2018 Dec;7(24):e010140

2 Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science Rochester MN.

Background Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndrome predominantly in women without usual cardiovascular risk factors. Many have a history of migraine headaches, but this association is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine migraine prevalence among SCAD patients and assess differences in clinical factors based on migraine history. Read More

J Otol 2018 Jun 9;13(2):65-67. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audio-vestibular Unit, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Background And Objective: Migraine is an extremely prevalent primary headache disorder that frequently associates parallel symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. Our aim is to investigate differences in video head impulse (vHIT) results with patients suffering from vestibular migraine (VM) and healthy people, taking into consideration mean values of vestibule ocular reflex (VOR) gain, occurrence of the compensatory saccades latency and amplitude. According to the results, determine the usefulness of vHIT in vestibular migraine diagnostics. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 3;9:1034. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Brain Trauma Foundation, New York, NY, United States.

Classifying concussion in key subtypes according to presenting symptomatology at an early post-injury stage is an emerging approach that may allow prediction of clinical trajectories and delivery of targeted treatments. The Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) is a simple, freely available, and widely used tool for assessment of the presence and severity of various post-concussion symptoms. We aimed to probe the prevalence among athletes of symptom classes associated with identified concussion phenotypes using the RPQ at baseline and acutely after a concussion. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 3;9:1373. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

The active ingredient of ecstasy, ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in addition to its initial reinforcing effects, induces selective and non-selective brain damage. Evidences suggest that the hippocampus (HC), a central region for cognition, may be especially vulnerable to impairments on the long-run, nevertheless, transcription factors that may precede and regulate such chronic changes remained uninvestigated in this region. In the current study, we used gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to reveal possible transcription factor candidates responsible for enhanced vulnerability of HC after MDMA administration. Read More

P T 2018 Dec;43(12):734-735

Mulpleta (lusutrombopag) for thrombocytopenia; ajovy (fremenezumab-vfrm) for migraine; takhzyro (lanadelumab-flyo) for hereditary angioedema attacks. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(50):e13629

Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Rationale: Co-occurrence of headache and arrhythmia is not rare. However, their causal relationship remains unclear. Here, we described a case of migraine-like headache relieving with pacemaker implantation. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2017 Apr;166(7):JITC49-JITC64

Ann Plast Surg 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: The aim of the present study was to systematically review and analyze the available evidence on the role of surgery in improving outcomes in patients with migraine headaches.

Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar databases was performed for English-language articles reporting results of peripheral nerve surgery for migraine headaches.

Results: The search strategy revealed a total of 1528 records, of which 23 studies were included in the review. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMR 1018, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1018, Paris-South Paris Saclay University, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.

Importance: Little is known about the associations between migraine and type 2 diabetes and the temporality of the association between these 2 diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the association between migraine and type 2 diabetes incidence as well as the evolution of the prevalence of active migraine before and after type 2 diabetes diagnosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990 on a cohort of women born between 1925 and 1950. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Division of Headache, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Ann Neurol 2018 Dec 16. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Dept of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

We investigated changes of afterimage-duration in migraineurs and healthy controls (HC) and throughout the migraine cycle to depict changes in the excitatory/inhibitory equilibrium within the visual cortex. 47 episodic (EM) and 39 chronic migraineurs (CM) (interictal) were compared to 34 HC for visual after-image duration. Additionally, seven EM were investigated every consecutive day over 20-32 days using the identical paradigm throughout the migraine cycle. Read More

Cureus 2018 Oct 12;10(10):e3442. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Emergency Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, USA.

The emergency department is a challenging environment to practice medicine, primarily due to the pace and logistics of practicing emergency medicine. Cognitive errors and provider handoffs can lead to poor patient outcomes. By acknowledging and addressing cognitive errors, including premature closure, anchoring, and diagnosis momentum, we can potentially improve patient care. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA. Electronic address:

Headaches are highly disabling and are among the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of headache, therapeutic options are limited. We recently identified the delta opioid receptor (DOR) as an emerging therapeutic target for migraine. Read More

Neuroscience 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Our previous study showed that acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) is involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent migraine. ASIC3 is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF), which induces hyperalgesia in various pain disorders. Neutralization of NGF is considered an effective treatment method. Read More

Cell 2018 Dec;175(7):1719

Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Electronic address:

Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (CLR + RAMP1) offer considerable improvements over existing drugs in migraine prophylaxis and are the first designed to act on the trigeminal pain system. Erenumab is approved by the FDA and EMA and has reached the market since May 2018. Two antibodies, fremanezumab and galcanezumab, directed towards the CGRP ligand, were approved by the FDA in September 2018. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 Oct;32(19):1491-1494

Department of Otolaryngology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

To observe the characteristics of positional nystagmus and clinical profile of patients with positive positional test, and to explore its possible pathogenesis. One hundred and twenty-one patients with positive positional test in the vestibular function examination were enrolled in the Peking University International Hospital from January to June in 2017. According to the 2017 BPPV guidelines, patients with test positive positional nystagmus were divided into two groups: definite BPPV and the controversial syndrome. Read More

Headache 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Background And Objectives: Migraine headache is the seventh leading cause of disability worldwide causing adverse outcomes in many aspects of an individual's life. Many psychological aspects affect chronic migraine (CM): illness perception, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and job satisfaction. This observational study aimed to examine the association among illness perception, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and job satisfaction, connected to migraine and its features. Read More

Curr Opin Neurol 2019 Feb;32(1):92-98

Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston.

Purpose Of Review: To review the most relevant developments in the understanding of headache in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Recent Findings: The phenotype of the typical IIH headache is diverging from the historical thinking of a raised intracranial pressure headache, with the majority being classified as having migraine. A larger proportion of those with IIH have a past medical history of migraine, compared with the general population, highlighting the importance of re-examining those who have a change or escalation in their headache. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Air Qual Atmos Health 2018 25;11(10):1137-1142. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

1Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia.

Fragranced consumer products, such as cleaning supplies, air fresheners, and personal care products, can have adverse effects on both air quality and health. This study investigates the effects of fragranced products on autistic individuals ages 18-65 in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Nationally representative population surveys ( = 1137; 1098; 1100) found that, across the three countries, 4. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address:

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetically determined disease of the cerebral vessels, characterized by recurrent ischemic strokes, dementia, and degeneration of the cerebral white matter. The condition is caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene, whose product plays a great role in the development and physiology of the cardiovascular system. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals multiple hyperintensive lesions of the white matter in the T2-weighted images also in asymptomatic carriers of CADASIL and can be detected even 10-15 years prior to clinical signs. Read More

Neuropsychobiology 2018 Dec 13:1-6. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu,

Background: Photophobia is a common feature of migraine, which may involve abnormal cortical information processing. In electroencephalograms (EEG), photic driving is known as a reaction to visual stimulation. Both photophobia and photic driving response are present during light stimulation. Read More

Am J Manag Care 2018 Dec;24(24 Suppl):S527-S533

electroCore, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ. Email:

Migraine affects 15% of the population in the United States and is associated with comorbidities, with an estimated economic burden of $78 billion annually. GammaCore is used adjunctively with current standard of care and abortive medications and has shown to be superior in acute treatment of episodic migraine compared to sham. However, the economic impact has not been characterized for this indication. Read More

Am J Manag Care 2018 Dec;24(24 Suppl):S507-S516

electroCore, Inc, Basking Ridge, NJ. Email:

GammaCore was cleared by the FDA for the acute treatment of episodic migraine and episodic cluster headache and has 5 Conformité Européenne marks. Data indicate that gammaCore treatment is both safe and effective as an acute treatment for migraine. Current reimbursement policies need to be updated based on the growing body of evidence to reflect the established status of gammaCore that is no longer experimental. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2018 Dec 15;42(6):339-342. Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

We describe here a case series of six patients referred to the Neuro-ophthalmology service in Sheffield, UK with possible acute unilateral optic neuritis. Each patient had a triad of unilateral photophobia, ipsilateral retro-ocular pain, and ipsilateral loss of vision. All patients had normal ocular examinations and investigation findings with no objective structural or functional abnormalities identified. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2019 Jan - Feb;40(1):115-120. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Department of Otolaryngology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Background: Headaches are commonly evaluated in otolaryngology and often represent a diagnostic dilemma. This review addresses rhinogenic headache as well as trigeminal neuralgia and migraine, both of which can masquerade as sinus headache and whose management increasingly involves otolaryngology intervention. Discussion considers diagnostic criteria and novel therapies and derives an algorithm for clinical decision-making. Read More

Neurol Sci 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 5, 35128, Padova, Italy.

Background: The recently released International Classification of Headache Disorders-3rd edition (1) includes migraine aura status (MAS) among the complications of migraine (A1.4.5). Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Dec;97(12):E11-E14

Department of Otolaryngology, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, 110-11 72nd Ave., Suite 1B, Forest Hills, NY 11375, USA.

Red ear syndrome (RES) is an unusual, often unrecognized condition that has rarely been reported in the otolaryngology literature despite the presence of symptoms and associated disorders of relevance to the otolaryngologist. When present, RES may have diagnostic value when uncertainties arise in cases of sinus headache and referred otalgia. Despite the appearance of a distinctive red ear, as well as symptoms and associated disorders relating to otolaryngology, discussion of RES is generally limited to neurology-based publications. Read More

Clin J Sport Med 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between preinjury risk factors (RFs) and subsequent occurrence of concussion and examine whether preinjury RFs or postinjury assessments predict clinical recovery in collegiate athletes.

Methods: Risk factors (sex, sport, and self-report history of concussion, migraine, attention-deficit disorder, learning disability, depression, and anxiety) and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), depression/anxiety screenings, and neuropsychological testing were obtained before the season. For athletes who sustained concussion, RFs, postinjury SCAT, neuropsychological assessment, and clinical recovery were assessed. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Mar;14(3):395-398

North Texas Eye Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Since the discovery of acid-sensing ion channels in 1997, their importance in the health of neurons and other non-neuronal cells has gained significant importance. Acid-sensing ion channels play important roles in mediating pain sensation during diseases such as stroke, inflammation, arthritis, cancer, and recently migraine. More interestingly, acid-sensing ion channels may explain the sex differences in pain between males and females. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 27;9:1009. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Neurology, Milan, Italy.

Headache disorders are common in children and adolescents. Most of the studies on non-pharmacological treatments have however been carried out on adults. In this review we provide information on recent studies examining non-pharmacological approaches for managing headache in children and adolescents. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;

The NK tachykinin G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) binds substance P, the first neuropeptide to be discovered in mammals. Through activation of NKR, substance P modulates a wide variety of physiological and disease processes including nociception, inflammation, and depression. Human NKR (hNKR) modulators have shown promise in clinical trials for migraine, depression, and emesis. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 8. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida.

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare, difficult-to-diagnose form of venous thromboembolic disease and is considered a type of stroke. Its presentation is highly variable and may be easily confused for more common and less debilitating or life-threatening diagnoses such as migraine, seizure, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Case Report: A 25-year-old woman presented with a complaint of bifrontal throbbing headache and blurry vision. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018 Dec 3;176:73-77. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Science & Innovation Manager, R&D Department, Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Carlisle, CA1 3SX, UK. Electronic address:

Objective: Greater occipital nerve (GON) block is a treatment option applied for a variety of primary headache disorders. Although a patient's body position is known to have an impact on the effect of local anaesthetics, this has not before been investigated for patients undergoing GON block. Therefore, the clinical effectiveness of either a sitting or supine position was assessed. Read More

Headache 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Objective: To provide healthcare professionals with updated guidance in the use of novel preventive and acute treatments for migraine in adults.

Background: The principles of preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for patients with migraine have been outlined previously, but the emergence of new technologies and treatments, as well as new formulations of previously established treatments, has created a need for an updated guidance on the preventive and acute treatment of migraine.

Methods: This statement is based on a review of existing guidelines and principles for preventive and acute treatment of migraine, as well as the results of recent clinical trials of drugs and devices for these indications. Read More

J Mol Neurosci 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide expressed both centrally and peripherally. CGRP has been shown to be involved in arteriolar dilation, cardiovascular regulation, pain transmission, migraine, and gastrointestinal physiology. Our current research is aimed at analyzing CGRP's impact on appetite/satiety, body metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):341-343

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Neural Regen Res 2019 Jan;14(1):100-106

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.

Several animal models of migraine have been established, and those based on trigeminovascular system activation are widely accepted. However, most of these models have been established on lower animals, such as rodents, and involve only a single administration of a noxious stimulus. In this study, an inflammatory soup (10 μL), consisting of prostaglandin E2 (0. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2018 Dec 6;844:87-94. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

UOS Clinica dei Pazienti del Territorio, Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Migraine is a common painful neurovascular disorder usually associated with several symptoms, such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting and inflammation, and involves immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells derived from hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells which migrate and mature close to epithelial, blood vessels, and nerves. In almost all vascularized tissues there are MCs that produce, contain and release biologically active products including cytokines, arachidonic acid compounds, and proteases. Read More

Semergen 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Centro de Salud Universitario La Paz, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Badajoz, España. Electronic address:

Introduction: In assessing the patient with headache, clinicians are often faced with 2 important questions: Is this headache a migraine? Does this patient require neuroimaging? The aim of this study was to assess the validity and applicability of the mnemonic POUNDing rule in patients diagnosed with migraine.

Patients And Methods: A descriptive, validation study of the POUNDing rule in patients with a diagnosis of migraines and with a brain imaging test (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging), in an urban health centre and a neurology clinic of the University Hospital of Badajoz.

Results: A total of 116 patients were included (mean age 45. Read More

Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address:

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor system has emerged as an important drug target for migraine. This is highlighted by the recent regulatory approval of the first drug targeting the CGRP signalling pathway, the CGRP receptor antibody erenumab. The cellular compartments in which receptors are found affects drug access and whether they can exert their effects. Read More

Cogn Neurosci 2018 Dec 10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

a School of Psychology , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK.

For some people, simple sensory stimuli (e.g. noises, patterns) may reliably evoke intense and aversive reactions. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018 Dec 7:1-9. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

a Headache and Pain Unit, Department of Neurological , Motor and Sensorial Sciences; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome , Italy.

Introduction: Migraine is increasingly recognized as an extremely burdensome and disabling disorder in both children and adolescents. A proper treatment plan is needed to improve the quality of life of both children and families as well as to minimize the risk of disease progression. Areas covered: This review focuses on the current pharmacotherapy for acute migraine in pediatric populations, taking into account specific considerations for those drugs tested in randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). Read More

Cephalalgia 2018 Dec 10:333102418795163. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: Several previous studies have investigated cortical abnormalities, specifically cortical thickness, in patients with migraine, with variable results. The relatively small sample sizes of most previous studies may partially explain these inconsistencies.

Objective: To investigate differences of cortical thickness between control subjects and migraineurs in a large cohort. Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):627-633. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.

Headache is a neurologic disorder that displays gender dichotomy. It is well established that there is a strong link between migraine headache and sex hormones, specifically estrogen, which influences the severity of migraines during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the epidemiology of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period is very distinct from that in males or nonpregnant females, in part due to the hemodynamic and hematologic changes that occur during pregnancy. Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):619-626. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Posttraumatic headaches are among the most challenging complaints after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). They are a debilitating problem experienced by patients after TBI of all severities. Up to 90% of mild TBI patients experience headache, particularly if female and with a premorbid history of primary headache. Read More

Semin Neurol 2018 Dec 6;38(6):608-618. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are common primary disorders that carry significant morbidity and socioeconomic effect. In this article, we will review the epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of these disorders. First-line acute treatment for migraine consists of analgesics, triptans, and antiemetics, while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the mainstay treatment for TTH. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.

Background: Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), also known as metadherin, 3D3, and lysine-rich carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) coisolated, has emerged as an important oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of cancers. Previous studies revealed that AEG-1 is also involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, such as development, inflammation, neurodegeneration, migraine, and Huntington's disease. However, the function of AEG-1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been reported yet. Read More

J Pain Res 2018 2;11:2721-2728. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China,

Objective: The clinical characteristics of migraine with and without allodynia were compared to evaluate the risk factors of cutaneous allodynia in migraine. The effects of prophylactic therapy on allodynia in patients with migraine were assessed based on the change in pain threshold after therapy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 71 patients with migraine admitted to the Department of Neurology of Shandong Provincial Hospital were recruited in this study. Read More

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018 12;14:3053-3061. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Czech-Chinese Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic,

Background: Acupuncture has become a viable option for migraine prophylaxis in Europe; however, despite its wide use, more data on the short- and long-term cost-effectiveness are needed when considering the perspectives of a paying third-party, the patient, and of society in general. The aim was to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of adjuvant acupuncture to pharmacologic treatment vs pharmacologic treatment alone in migraine patients after a 3-month acupuncture course and a 6-month follow-up from all perspectives.

Methods: The study involved an open-label randomized clinical trial of patients receiving acupuncture (n=42), and a waiting list control group (n=44). Read More