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Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ankara.

Headache 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties (component structure, reliability, and construct validity) of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control scale in several clinical migraine populations.

Background: Headache-specific locus of control beliefs may impact a person's behavioral decisions that affect the likelihood of migraine attack onset, emotional responses to migraine attacks, coping strategies used, and treatment adherence. The 33-item Headache-Specific Locus of Control scale is the most widely used measure of locus of control specific to headache yet psychometric evaluations remain limited. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Dexamethasone, metoclopramide, ketorolac, and chlorpromazine have been used for the treatment of migraine headache. However, the effectiveness of these drugs in pain relief and prevention of recurrence and their side effects have not been compared yet. This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 19;9(2):e025436. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

School of Nursing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Introduction: A growing body of evidence is identifying the link between a history of child maltreatment and a variety of adverse health outcomes ultimately leading to significant social and healthcare burden. Initial work has identified a potential association between child maltreatment and the development of a selection of somatic and visceral central sensitivity syndromes: fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder, chronic lower back pain, chronic neck pain, chronic pelvic pain, interstitial cystitis, vulvodynia, chronic prostatitis, tension-type headache, migraine, myofascial pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and restless legs syndrome.

Methods And Analysis: Primary electronic searches will be performed in the Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PyscINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases and a number of Grey Literature sources including child protection and paediatric conference proceedings. Read More

Rev Neurol 2018 Nov;67(s01):S1-S21

Hospital La Fe, 46009 Valencia, Espana.

«Apuntes en Neurologia» is an initiative in which prominent national and international leaders, with broad academic recognition, came together to synthesise the most outstanding clinical aspects within their area of interest and to discuss the latest developments in a more accessible language. Understanding the factors that affect the onset and progression of any neurological disease through a review is important to be able to develop strategies to reduce the burden of these diseases. Moreover, knowledge of the clinical aspects is essential to solve the problems of daily clinical practice. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019 ;119(1):31-37

Alexander Vein Headache Clinic, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To evaluate the rationale for different approaches to preventive chronic migraine (CM) treatment by comparing clinical outcomes and financial burden of the disease in the real-world practice.

Material And Methods: Sixty-six patients with CM were enrolled at the Alexander Vein Headache Clinic (60 women and 6 men, aged 28-51). All patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=22) received oral preventative treatment with topiramate, up to 100 mg daily, for three months; group 2 (n=20) received 12 acupuncture sessions (3 sessions a week); group 3 (n=24) received 155-195 units of botulinum toxin type A (botox, BTA). Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019 ;119(1):17-22

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To analyze the prevalence of various clinical forms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and cervicalgia in episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM).

Material And Methods: Ninety patients with CM and 42 patients with EM as defined by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-3 beta were recruited. TMD and sleep bruxism were diagnosed according to the DC/TMD criteria and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-R), respectively. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Feb 19;2:CD011890. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street (PO Box 1225), Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia, 6959.

Background: Chronic pain, considered to be pain lasting more than three months, is a common and often difficult to treat condition that can significantly impact upon function and quality of life. Treatment typically includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an adjunct non-pharmacological treatment commonly recommended by clinicians and often used by people with pain. Read More

J Affect Disord 2019 Feb 11;249:226-233. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: The Mental Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) is a self-report questionnaire developed to assess mental pain. The aim of the present study was to test the clinimetric properties of the MPQ.

Methods: A sample of 200 migraine outpatients were enrolled; homogeneity of MPQ was assessed by Mokken Analysis; item-level severity and item-level sensitivity were calculated via Two-Parameter Logistic model; Total Information Function was evaluated to assess reliability of MPQ; internal consistency was calculated via Cronbach's alpha and Sijtsma and Molenaar rho; sensitivity and specificity were assessed via Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. Read More

J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2019 29;94(1). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taif University, Alsalama street, Taif city, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Studies done in Saudi Arabia showed a high prevalence of headache among university students. Limited research was done to assess the relationship between headache and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and association between migraine, tension-type headache, and depression among Saudi female students in Taif University. Read More

Brain Behav 2019 Feb 16:e01223. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Objectives: Migraine is a risk factor for stroke, which might be explained by a higher prevalence in anatomical variants in the circle of Willis (CoW). Here, we compared the presence of CoW variants in patients with stroke with and without migraine.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited from the prospective Dutch acute Stroke Study. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019 Feb 8;30:123-128. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China. Electronic address:

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) is an immune-mediated disease that is pathologically characterized by demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in the CNS and includes clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). IDD is usually characterized by variable symptoms, multivariate imaging, uncertain reactions to treatment, and a variable prognosis, which makes it difficult to diagnose early. In recent years, the role of the neurofilament light chain (NFL), an axonal injury biomarker, in IDD has become increasingly important. Read More

Prog Neurobiol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Headache Science Center, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address:

Migraine is a disease for which there is still no defined pathophysiological etiology and few translational models. The organic nitrate nitroglycerin has been in use as an experimental model of migraine in both human and animal studies for several years. The drug produces a number of effects within the head, that includes blood vessels, nerves and brain areas that may produce a response similar to a migraine attack in predisposed subjects. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 15;20(1):19. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico de Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 3, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.

Background: Many different preventatives have showed efficacy in the treatment of migraine. National guidelines differ in their recommendations and patients' characteristics are usually taken into account in their selection. In Spain, real life use of preventive therapies seems to be heterogeneous. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):28-33

Department of Neurology, TD MCH, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.

Introduction: Both migraine and mood disorders are prevalent disorders with many studies demonstrating that they are comorbid with each other with increased migraine-related disability in such patients.

Aim: The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that mood disorders are comorbid with migraine with increased disability and to identify any clinical features in migraineurs which may be associated with mood disorders.

Materials And Methods: Patients presenting with complaints of headache to the Neurology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary CARE Hospital from August 01, 2016 to February 28, 2017, were subjected to International Classification of Headache Disorder 3 beta criteria to satisfy a diagnosis of migraine and were assessed in detail as to headache characteristics. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):1-2

Department of Neurology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Secunderabad, Telangana, India.

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 13;9(2):e025348. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: We set out to test the discriminative power of an age-adjusted upper reference limit for cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) in identifying clinically relevant causes of albuminocytological dissociation (ACD).

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 2627 patients who underwent a lumbar puncture at a tertiary care centre over a 20-year period. Samples with CSF-TP above 45 mg/dL (0. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 14;20(1):18. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.

Background: Administration of endogenous mediators or exogenous chemicals in migraine patients provoke early headaches and delayed migraine-like attacks. Although migraine provoking substances are normally vasodilators, dilation of arterial vessels does not seem to be the sole contributing factor, and the underlying mechanisms of the delayed migraine pain are mostly unknown. Sustained mechanical allodynia is a common response associated with the local administration of various proalgesic substances in experimental animals and humans. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 14;20(1):16. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

Background: In patients with frequent migraine, prophylactic treatments are used. Patients often request non-pharmacological alternatives. One treatment option can be aerobic exercise. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 14;20(1):17. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Catholic university of Daegu, School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Background: Headache disorder is not only a common complaint but also a global burden. Pharmacotherapeutic and non-pharmacotherapeutic approaches have been developed for its treatment and prophylaxis. The present study included a systematic review of psychological treatments for primary headache disorder accessible in Korea. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Feb 4;22:101714. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Headaches, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia.

Background: The brainstem plays a significant role in migraine pathogenesis, but a relationship between volume alterations of brainstem subregions and migraine aura characteristics has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study is to compare the volume of the brainstem, and its subregions, between patients with a migraine with aura (MwA) and healthy controls (HC), and also to correlate characteristics of MwA and the volume of the brainstem subregions.

Methods: Forty-two MwA and 42 HCs, balanced by sex and age, were selected for this study. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 Mar;39(1):94-102

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (RB, RN), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology (ABF), Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Photophobia is commonly associated with migraine, meningitis, concussion, and a variety of ocular diseases. Advances in our ability to trace multiple brain pathways through which light information is processed have paved the way to a better understanding of the neurobiology of photophobia and the complexity of the symptoms triggered by light.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent anatomical and physiological studies on the neurobiology of photophobia with emphasis on migraine. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2019 Mar;39(1):82-93

Departments of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Background: Headache is the most common symptom of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and may not resolve with intracranial pressure-lowering treatments. Many patients with IIH have a pre-existing history of migraine. Approximately two-thirds of patients with IIH continue to experience headaches after the other manifestations of the disorder resolve. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Headache Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Cluster headache (CH) shows a more severe clinical picture than migraine (Mig). We tested whether brain changes can explain such difference. Multimodal MRI was acquired in attack-free patients with CH (n = 12), Mig (n = 13) and in normal controls (NC, n = 13). Read More

Front Neurol 2019 29;10:39. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Hospital A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy.

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 13;20(1):15. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Background: Case-finding tools, such as the Identify Chronic Migraine (ID-CM) questionnaire, can improve detection of CM and alleviate its significant societal burden. We aimed to develop and validate the Italian version of the ID-CM (ID-EC) in paper and as a smart app version in a headache clinic-based setting.

Methods: The study investigators translated and adapted to the Italian language the original ID-CM questionnaire (ID-EC) and further implemented it as a smart app. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran.

Background: Migraine is a common neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of pain. Human and experimental models of migraine studies have demonstrated the role played by COX-2/ iNOS in migraine's neuroinflammatory pathogenesis. COX-2 and iNOS are closely linked and both contribute to inflammation and neurogenic pain in the central nervous system. Read More

Cureus 2018 Nov 26;10(11):e3635. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Nephrology, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA.

Topiramate (TMP) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug used to treat a wide variety of seizure disorders, for migraine prophylaxis, and for many other indications. An important side effect of TMP is metabolic acidosis, which is mediated by renal tubular defects. TMP inhibits carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that is necessary for acid handling in the proximal renal tubule. Read More

J Headache Pain 2019 Feb 12;20(1):13. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Terveystalo Biobank Finland, Humalistonkatu 7B, 20100, Turku, Finland.

Background: The highest prevalence of migraine is detected among people who are of working age. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of migraine in an occupational health care setting using real world data collected as a part of routine clinical practice.

Methods: This retrospective register study included migraineurs using occupational health care at the private health care provider Terveystalo. Read More

Brain Stimul 2019 Jan 19. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Germany; Division of Medical Psychology, Germany. Electronic address:

Objective: To assay peripheral inter-ictal cytokine serum levels and possible relations with non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) responsiveness in migraineurs.

Methods: This double-blinded, sham-controlled study enrolled 48 subjects and measured headache severity, frequency [headache days/month, number of total and mild/moderate/severe classified attacks/month], functional state [sleep, mood, body weight, migraine-associated disability] and serum levels of inflammatory markers [inter-ictal] using enzyme-linked immunoassays at baseline and after 2 months of adjunctive nVNS compared to sham stimulation and suitably matched controls.

Results: No significant differences were observed at baseline and after 2 months for headache severity, total attacks/month, headache days/month and functional outcome [sleep, mood, disability] between verum and sham nVNS. Read More

J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain. Electronic address:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between head and neck posture and superficial neck flexor and extensor activity during performance of the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) in women with migraine and healthy controls.

Methods: Fifty-two women with episodic migraine, 16 with chronic migraine, and 23 healthy controls participated. Head and neck posture were determined by assessing the craniovertebral (CV) angle and cervical lordosis angle. Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Feb 11:333102419829909. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

1 Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.

Objective: To estimate the one-year prevalence of primary headaches, most importantly migraine and tension type headache, but also other primary headaches, in Estonia.

Methods: A population-based random sample of 2162 subjects in Tartu City and Tartu County were interviewed by telephone or face to face using a previously validated questionnaire.

Results: Of the 2162 contacted participants, 1215 (56%) fully completed the study. Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Feb 11:333102419828984. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

5 Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility that migraine patients exhibit specific age-related metabolic changes in the brain, which occur regardless of disease duration or the frequency of attacks.

Methods: We analysed the relation between brain glucose (F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake and age in healthy volunteers (n = 20) and episodic migraine patients (n = 19). In the latter, we additionally compared the correlation between F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and disease duration and monthly migraine days. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2019 Feb 10. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.

Orexins, alternatively called hypocretins, are neuropeptides with crucial role in maintaining wakefulness. The orexin system is thought to mediate a coordinated defense response but thus far investigated from the flight, but never fight, response perspective. An HCRTR1 gene variant (rs2271933 G > A) leading to amino acid substitution (Ile408Val) has been associated with migraine and mood disorders. Read More

Pain Pract 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

The Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

Background: Botulinum toxin is approved to treat chronic migraine and has shown significant benefit in refractory cases. Due to its effect on pain by sensory modulation there may also be efficacy in its use in chronic tension-type headaches (CTTH).

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019 Feb 9;23(1). Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Migraine is a prevalent disease with a substantial socioeconomic impact. However, stigma affects social attitude toward migraine, accruing additional burden on individuals with migraine and isolating them from a society that should be supporting them. PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW: This review will discuss the following concepts: (1) the emergence of stigma toward migraine and its impact on medical care; (2) internalized stigma among those with migraine and its detrimental effect on quality of life and patient-physician relationships; (3) the structural impact of stigma on research funding, workplace support, and specialized care; and (4) strategies for "rebranding" the disease and alleviating stigma toward migraine. Read More

Wiad Lek 2018 ;71(9):1793-1802

Epilepsy And Migraine Treatment Centre, Kraków, Poland.

Epilepsy and migraine often occur concomitantly in the same patient. The cause may be found in the similar genetic and pathophysiological background of the two diseases that is manifested by an excessive tendency towards neuronal hyperexcitation. Migraine concomitant with epilepsy increases the risk of the patient developing drug-resistant epilepsy, depression and anxiety disorders, as well as significantly decreases his quality of life. Read More

Headache 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Objective: To assess the ictal symptoms, interictal symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, and interictal neuro-otologic examination findings in vestibular migraine (VM).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 491 patients seen from August 2014 until March 2018 at a tertiary neurology referral center for vestibular disorders to identify patients fulfilling the 2012 VM criteria.

Results: One hundred and thirty-one patients (105 women) were identified. Read More

Headache 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Objective: This study investigated a potential association between visual factors and symptoms related to migraine. It was predicted that photophobia and visual aura would be positively associated with interictal light sensitivity and visual headache triggers (flicker, glare, and eyestrain), and that these 2 visual symptoms would also be associated.

Background: Previous studies have found independent neurophysiological associations between several visual factors and symptoms related to headache disorders. Read More

PLoS One 2019 8;14(2):e0205874. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and associated factors in an adolescent sample from Recife, Brazil.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1342 adolescents aged 10-17 years. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) was used by calibrated examiners to evaluate the presence and levels of chronic pain. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 24;10:10. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Clinical Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in the migraine pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate its role in predicting diagnosis and outcome of pharmacotherapy in pediatric migraine. We prospectively recruited 120 subjects, who never took migraine-preventive agents in a pediatric clinic, including 68 patients with migraine, 30 with non-migraine headache (NM), and 22 non-headache (NH) age-matched controls. Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Feb 7:333102418825346. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

4 Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Background: Cutaneous allodynia is a common clinical feature of migraine that has been associated with reduced efficacy of acute migraine treatments and an increased risk of disease progression.

Objective: Identify factors associated with allodynia in a sample of adults with migraine.

Methods: An online survey panel was used to identify adults with migraine who averaged at least 1 monthly headache day over the previous 3 months. Read More

Cephalalgia 2019 Feb 7:333102419828994. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.

Background: Medication-overuse headache leads to high disability and decreased quality of life, and the best approach for withdrawal has been debated.

Aim: To compare change in disability and quality of life between two withdrawal programs.

Methods: We randomized medication-overuse headache patients to program A (two months without acute analgesics or migraine medications) or program B (two months with acute medications restricted to two days/week) in a prospective, outpatient study. Read More

J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of sucrose in the prevention of migraine attacks.

Methods: Two randomized double-blinded pilot trials were conducted, one in college students and one in adults. Migraineurs were randomized into two groups that each received an oral liquid: for students, sucrose 5 g/day (s-group; n = 12) or glucose 2. Read More

Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Migraine is a common neurological disorder that afflicts up to 15% of the adult population in most countries, with predominance in females. It is characterized by episodic, often disabling headache, photophobia and phonophobia, autonomic symptoms (nausea and vomiting), and in a subgroup an aura in the beginning of the attack. Although still debated, many researchers consider migraine to be a disorder in which CNS dysfunction plays a pivotal role while various parts of the trigeminal system are necessary for the expression of associated symptoms. Read More

J Neurosci Res 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Maternal perinatal depression (PND), a common mental disorder with a prevalence of over 10%, is associated with long-term health risks for both mothers and offspring. This study aimed at describing characteristics related to background and lifestyle, pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum of different PND trajectories defined according to the onset of depressive symptoms. Participants were drawn from a large population-based cohort study in Uppsala, Sweden (n = 2,466). Read More

Mol Pain 2019 Feb 5:1744806919832718. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

University of Toronto.

The neuropeptide of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays critical roles in chronic pain, especially in migraine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have shown that CGRP and its receptors are expressed in cortical areas including pain perception related prefrontal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, less information is available for the functional roles of CGRP in cortical regions such as the ACC. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019 Mar 12;15(3):189-198. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

d Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.

Introduction: Recommended medications for the acute treatment of migraine encompass triptans, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and analgesics. While it is true that triptans have been the first successful mechanism-driven treatment in the field, recently, new targets involved in migraine pathogenesis have emerged and new drug classes have been studied for migraine attack therapy. Areas covered: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the new acute treatments of migraine (i. Read More