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J Vasc Res 2019 Feb 14;56(1):1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are known as clinical anti-stroke herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of PNS on ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral microvasculature barrier dysfunction which has not been investigated yet. Mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and PNS were administrated to mice 3 days before and 2 days after surgery. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

We recently reported that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) contributes to zinc-induced neuronal death by inducing Bim, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain 3-only protein, in a liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-dependent manner. Current data suggest AMPK plays key roles in excitotoxicity and ischemic brain injury, with zinc neurotoxicity representing at least one mechanism of ischemic neuronal death. Inhibition of AMPK could be a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent ischemic brain injury following stroke. Read More

Eur Radiol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou district, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Objectives: To compare collateral status on single-phase CT angiography (sCTA) and multiphase CT angiography (mCTA) and their ability to predict a target mismatch on CT perfusion (CTP) and clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients with stroke onset between 5 and 15 h or with unclear onset time and occlusions in the M1/M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery and/or intracranial internal carotid artery underwent head non-contrast CT and CTP. Simulated sCTA and mCTA were reconstructed from CTP data and were compared for collaterals assessment. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240;

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a unique brain-specific deubiquitinating enzyme. Mutations in and aberrant function of UCHL1 have been linked to many neurological disorders. UCHL1 activity protects neurons from hypoxic injury, and binding of stroke-induced reactive lipid species to the cysteine 152 (C152) of UCHL1 unfolds the protein and disrupts its function. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Feb 14:300060519827173. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.

Objective: The stromal cell-derived factor-1α/cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis promotes neuroprotection and angiogenesis in animal studies. Few studies have investigated the potential clinical implications of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We evaluated the prognostic values of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Feb 14:300060519828930. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Large artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism are the two major subtypes of ischemic stroke. We herein describe a 75-year-old man with acute complete cerebral infarction in the typical territories of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and left middle cerebral artery. Brain magnetic resonance angiography showed that the right A1 segment of the ACA was affected by severe arteriosclerosis and that the right ACA other than the A1 segment was compensated by the left ACA through the anterior communicating artery. Read More

Neurol Res 2019 Feb 13:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

e Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , China.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most prevalent emotional disorders after stroke and often results in poor outcomes. However, the underlying physiopathologic mechanism and effective treatment of PSD remain poorly elucidated.

Objective: To investigate whether paeoniflorin has antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of PSD. Read More

Eur Radiol Exp 2019 Feb 13;3(1). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340 (Haartmaninkatu 4), FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of ischemic stroke detection from computed tomography angiography source images (CTA-SI) using three-dimensional convolutional neural networks.

Methods: CTA-SI of 60 patients with a suspected acute ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery were randomly selected for this study; 30 patients were used in the neural network training, and the subsequent testing was performed using the remaining 30 patients. The training and testing were based on manually segmented lesions. Read More

Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019 Feb 13:1545968319829454. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

3 Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the developed world and the primary cause of adult disability. The most common site of stroke is the middle cerebral artery (MCA), an artery that supplies a range of areas involved in both language and motor function. As a consequence, many stroke patients experience a combination of language and motor deficits. Read More

Neuroimage 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA. Electronic address:

pH-weighted amide proton transfer (APT) MRI is sensitive to tissue pH change during acute ischemia, complementing conventional perfusion and diffusion stroke imaging. However, the currently used pH-weighted magnetization transfer (MT) ratio asymmetry (MTR) analysis is of limited pH specificity. To overcome this, MT and relaxation normalized APT (MRAPT) analysis has been developed that to homogenizes the background signal, thus providing highly pH conspicuous measurement. Read More

Neurosci Lett 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address:

Axon regeneration after cerebral ischemia in mammals is inadequate to restore function, illustrating the need to design better strategies for improving outcomes. Improvement of axon regeneration has been achieved through fastigial nucleus electrostimulation (FNS) in animal researches. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain poorly understood. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the development of cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). Targeting oxidative stress is proposed to be an effective strategy to treat cerebral I/R injury. Gentiana macrophylla Pall is reported to have potential protective effect against stroke. Read More

Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, 57069.

Background: Maternal consumption of alcohol produces abnormalities in the developing fetus and can contribute to an increased incidence of many cardiovascular-related diseases. The first goal of this study was to determine whether in utero exposure to alcohol influences reactivity of cerebral arterioles in adult (12-15-weeks old) rats. The second goal of this study was to examine whether in utero exposure to alcohol increased the susceptibility of the brain to damage following an ischemic event in adult rats. Read More

J Aging Phys Act 2019 Feb 12:1-27. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

5 Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.

This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi compared to no exercise control on the cerebral haemodynamic parameters and other health-related factors in community older adults at risk of ischemic stroke. 170 eligible participants were randomly allocated to Tai Chi or control group. The cerebral haemodynamic parameters and physical fitness risk factors of cardiovascular disease were measured at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhongshan North Road 34, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujan, China.

Background: To determine whether uric acid (UA) and intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis stenosis of elderly patients suffering from ischaemic stroke are inter-related.

Methods: Elderly patients with ischaemic stroke underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) were enrolled between October 2015 and December 2017. We collected clinical assessment, image data, and laboratory tests, and divided patients into four groups: (1) intracranial stenosis atherosclerosis (ICAS) group, (2) combined intracranial and extracranial atherosclerosis stenosis (COAS) group, (3) extracranial carotid stenosis atherosclerosis (ECAS) group, and (4) non-cerebral stenosis atherosclerosis (NCAS) group. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Anatomy, The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China.

Under harmful environmental conditions, stress granules (SGs), macromolecular aggregates that are associated with cell survival and death, are produced in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. However, whether and how microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) modulate SG formation induced by acute ischemic stroke has not been investigated. In the present study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was utilized and miRNA array profiling and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

We previously reported that astrocytes are the main sources of interleukin (IL)-17A production that could aggravate neuronal injuries in ischemic stroke. However, the effects of IL-17A on ischemic astrocytes themselves and the underlying molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we found that recombinant mouse (rm) IL-17A could significantly (P < 0. Read More

J Vasc Interv Neurol 2018 Nov;10(2):69-73

Aurora Neuroscience Innovation Institute.

Background: The Stroke Network of Wisconsin (SNOW) scale, previously called the Pomona scale, was developed to predict large-vessel occlusions (LVOs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The original study showed a high accuracy of this scale. We sought to externally validate the SNOW scale in an independent cohort. Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019 Feb 11;7(1):17. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig, Germany.

In the setting of stroke, ischemia-related blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction aggravates the cerebral edema, which critically impacts on the clinical outcome. Further, an impaired vascular integrity is associated with the risk of intracranial bleeding, especially after therapeutic recanalization. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate early vascular alterations from 30 min to 4 h after experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 10;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Ischemic stroke related to tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery (TIM) occlusion is a challenging condition where endovascular treatment (EVT) is an emerging revascularization option. The identification of factors influencing clinical outcomes can assist in creating appropriate therapeutic algorithms for such patients. This study aimed to evaluate prognostic factors in the context of EVT for TIM occlusion. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Neuroradiology Unit, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared complication of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO). The purpose of this study was to identify cerebral hemodynamic predictors of ICH and poor outcome in patients with successful recanalization.

Materials And Methods: Serial transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS) examinations assessed vessel status and cerebral hemodynamics of 226 [mean-age 69. Read More

Brain Res 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China. Electronic address:

Brain damage, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neurological behavior deficit, cerebral infarction and inflammation, is commonly caused by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Prevention of the above biological process defects is considered beneficial for patient recovery after I/R injury. This study was aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of Gastrodin (GAS), an herbal agent, in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 21;9:1195. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Neurology, Ajou University Medical Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.

Differentiation of embolic and atherosclerotic occlusions is difficult prior to endovascular treatment (EVT) of acute ischemic stroke due to intracranial large artery occlusions. CTA-determined occlusion type has been reported to be associated with a negative cardiac embolic source and stent retriever failure, a potential of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS)-related occlusions. In this study, we evaluated the agreement between preprocedural identification of CTA-determined truncal-type occlusion (TTO) and postprocedural evaluation of underlying fixed focal stenosis (FFS) in the occlusion site. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Feb 8:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

4Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

OBJECTIVEMoyamoya disease is a dynamic cerebrovascular condition that often requires vascular surveillance. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an MR perfusion method that is increasingly used for stroke and other various neurovascular pathologies. Unlike perfusion-weighted MRI, ASL uses endogenous water molecules for signal and therefore obviates gadolinium use; and provides direct, not relative, quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures. Read More

Neuroscience 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Aeromics, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Cerebral edema in ischemic stroke can lead to increased intracranial pressure, reduced cerebral blood flow and neuronal death. Unfortunately, current therapies for cerebral edema are either ineffective or highly invasive. During the development of cytotoxic and subsequent ionic cerebral edema water enters the brain by moving across an intact blood brain barrier and through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) at astrocyte endfeet. Read More

Magn Reson Med 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Purpose: This work sought to compare a quantitative T bookend dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI based perfusion protocol for absolute cerebral blood flow (qCBF) against CBF measured by the stable-isotope neutron capture microsphere method, a recognized reference standard for measuring tissue blood flow, at normocapnia, hypercapnia, and in acute stroke.

Methods: CBF was measured in anesthetized female canines by MRI and microspheres over 2 consecutive days for each case. On day 1, 5 canines were measured before and during a physiological challenge induced by carbogen inhalation; on day 2, 4 canines were measured following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Arterial disruption during brain surgery can cause devastating injuries to wide expanses of white and grey matter far beyond the tumor resection cavity. Such damage may occur as a result of disrupting blood flow through "en passage" arteries. Identification of these arteries is critical to prevent unforeseen neurologic sequelae during brain tumor resection. Read More

Stroke 2019 Feb 8:STROKEAHA118023392. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

From the Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (S.C., M.M., S.K., A.Y., M.G.L., G.W.A.).

Background and Purpose- Efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy has been demonstrated up to 24 hours after stroke onset in patients selected with perfusion imaging. We hypothesized that a persistent favorable perfusion profile exists in some patients beyond 24 hours from the onset and can be predicted by a lower baseline hypoperfusion intensity ratio, which indicates favorable collaterals. Methods- We identified control arm patients from the DEFUSE 3 trial (The Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) with a diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging performed 24 hours following randomization and compared imaging and clinical variables between patients with persistent mismatch versus patients who no longer had a mismatch 24 hours after randomization. Read More

J Vis Exp 2019 Jan 23(143). Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham;

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Introduction: Various large-bore catheters can be employed for manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT); clinical differences are rarely explored.

Methods: Prospectively collected demographic, angiographic, and clinical data for patients with acute internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery M1, or basilar occlusions undergoing MAT over 23 months at a comprehensive stroke center were reviewed. We excluded patients in stentriever-based randomized trials/registries. Read More

J Stroke 2019 Jan 31;21(1):69-77. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Background And Purpose: Thrombectomy within 24 hours can improve outcomes in selected patients with a clinical-infarct mismatch. We devised an easy-to-use visual estimation tool that allows infarct volume estimation in centers with limited resources.

Methods: We identified 1,031 patients with cardioembolic or large-artery atherosclerosis infarction on diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) obtained before recanalization therapy and within 24 hours of onset, and occlusion of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery. Read More

Case Rep Hematol 2019 8;2019:1585014. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Neurointensive Care, Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

Objective: To report a case of false-negative serological tests in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) followed by a brief review of the literature on this topic.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old Caucasian female patient was admitted with a traumatic right ankle fracture that required open reduction and internal fixation. Despite postoperative subcutaneous heparin chemoprophylaxis, she developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) on day 4 and subsequently started on continuous heparin infusion. Read More

Stroke 2019 Feb 7:STROKEAHA118022647. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

From the Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, China (H.-Y.N., Y.-X.S., Y.-H.L., B.C., D.-L.W., Y.Z., J.D., H.-Y.L., K.X., T.-Y.L., L.C., H.-Y.W., C.-X.L., D.-Y.Z.).

Background and Purpose- Stroke is a major public health concern worldwide. Although clinical treatments have improved in the acute period after stroke, long-term therapeutics remain limited to physical rehabilitation in the delayed phase. This study is aimed to determine whether nNOS (neuronal NO synthase)-CAPON (carboxy-terminal postsynaptic density-95/discs large/zona occludens-1 ligand of nNOS) interaction may serve as a new therapeutic target in the delayed phase for stroke recovery. Read More

J Mol Neurosci 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.314 West Anshan Road, Nankai District, 300193, Tianjin, China.

This study is designed to explore the effect of electric acupuncture on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons through the Notch3 signaling pathway. A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was generated by thread embolization. A Y-maze was used to test cognitive function (learning and memory). Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019 Feb 5;7(1):15. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Local cerebral hypoperfusion causes ischemic stroke while driving multiple cell-specific responses including inflammation, glutamate-induced neurotoxicity mediated via NMDAR, edema formation and angiogenesis. Despite the relevance of these pathophysiological mechanisms for disease progression and outcome, molecular determinants controlling the onset of these processes are only partially understood. In this context, our study intended to investigate the functional role of EphB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that is crucial for synapse function and binds to membrane-associated ephrin-B ligands. Read More

Radiology 2019 Feb 5:181228. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (C.M., J.F., S.M., M.B., M.L., T.B.B., C.Z., B.F.) and Department of Neurology (S.W., C.L.S.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.

Background The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) evaluation is a qualitative method to evaluate focal hypoattenuation at brain CT in early acute stroke. However, interobserver agreement is only moderate. Purpose To compare ASPECTS calculated by using an automatic software tool to neuroradiologist evaluation in the setting of acute stroke. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Jan;23(2):740-748

Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: Dysfunction of the microRNA (miRNA) network is a major regulator in neurological diseases. However, little is known about the functional significance of miRs in ischemic brain injury. This study was designed to investigate the functional behaviors and regulatory mechanisms of miR-196a in ischemic brain injury. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Jan;23(2):732-739

Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.

Objective: Cerebrovascular disease is a disease which has the highest mortality in China. Angiogenesis in the ischemic region after cerebral infarction is closely related to its prognosis. Recent studies found that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of neovascularization. Read More

Basic Clin Neurosci 2018 Sep-Oct;9(5):347-356. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Introduction: Brain Ichemic-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) activates different pathophysiological processes. It also changes physiological parameters such as Blood Glucose (BG) level. An increase in BG after stroke is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Radiology, New England Center for Stroke Research, Division of Neuroimaging and Intervention, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Evidence is mounting that first-pass complete recanalization during mechanical thrombectomy is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients presenting with an emergent large vessel occlusion. We hypothesize that aspiration achieving complete clot ingestion results in higher first-pass successful recanalization with quantitative reduction in distal emboli.

Methods: A patient-specific cerebrovascular replica was connected to a flow loop. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E7

1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD-CVR) is a contemporary technique to assess brain tissue hemodynamic changes after extracranial- intracranial (EC-IC) bypass flow augmentation surgery. The authors conducted a preliminary study to investigate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative 3-T MRI BOLD-CVR after EC-IC bypass flow augmentation surgery. Five consecutive patients selected for EC-IC bypass revascularization underwent an intraoperative BOLD-CVR examination to assess early hemodynamic changes after revascularization and to confirm the safety of this technique. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E3

Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

OBJECTIVECerebral revascularization for carotid occlusion was previously a mainstay procedure for the cerebrovascular neurosurgeon. However, the 1985 extracranial-intracranial bypass trial and subsequently the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) provided level 1 evidence via randomized controlled trials against bypass for symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid occlusion disease. However, in a small number of patients optimal medical therapy fails, and some patients with flow-limiting stenosis develop a perfusion-dependent neurological examination. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E10

1Department of Neurosurgery, SanBo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

OBJECTIVEThe rapid innovation of the endovascular armamentarium results in a decreased number of indications for a classic surgical approach. However, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm remains the best example of one for which results have favored microsurgery over endovascular intervention. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the experience and efficacy regarding surgical outcomes after applying internal maxillary artery (IMA) bypass for complex MCA aneurysms (CMCAAs). Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E6

3Department of Radiology, and.

Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a major cause of stroke in young adults. Multiple sCAD is a rarer, more poorly understood presentation of sCAD that has been increasingly attributed to cervical trauma such as spinal manipulation or genetic polymorphisms in extracellular matrix components. The authors present the case of a 49-year-old, otherwise healthy woman, who over the course of 2 weeks developed progressive, hemodynamically significant, bilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral artery dissections. Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Feb;46(2):E12

1Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health), Berlin.

OBJECTIVEMoyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) is a steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease that can be treated by a surgical revascularization. All the revascularization techniques influence the blood supply of the scalp, with a risk for wound healing disorders. The authors' aim was to analyze the wound healing process in the patients who underwent a direct or combined bypass surgery with a focus on different skin incisions. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2019 Feb 2;849:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Previously study has proved the non-erythropoietic mutant erythropoietin (MEPO) exerted neuroprotective effects against ischemic cerebral injury, with an efficacy similar to that of wild-type EPO. This study investigates its effects on neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and gliogenesis in cerebral ischemic mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. Read More

Brain Res 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. Electronic address:

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and the only available drug treatment is limited to a short window following the ischemic event. Gastrodin is the major bioactive constituent extracted from thetuberGastrodia elata, and is currently used to treat dizziness in the clinic. "Early" application of gastrodin (before modeling or immediately after ischemic injury) has shown antioxidative and neuroprotective effects in a transient focal brain ischemia model in rodents; however, it is not known whether the delayed administration of gastrodin after permanent focal cerebral ischemia ameliorates neural injury and increases neurogenesis. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

This video shows an urgent microsurgical embolectomy of the inferior division of the left middle cerebral artery in a patient treated by intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Patient was eligible for endovascular mechanical thrombectomy1; however, the interventional radiologist was not comfortable performing the procedure given prior unsuccessful attempts to remove a calcified cerebral embolus.2 A 75-yr-old female presented with an acute ischemic stroke with isolated aphasia (NIHSS 9). Read More

Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019 Feb 4:1-12. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

c Department of Neurology , University Medicine Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.

Introduction: Representing the leading cause of long-term disability, ischemic stroke urgently needs further research and drug development. This review summarizes current animal models of ischemic stroke that can be used for drug discovery. Areas covered: Several reproducible models of permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia have been established in a variety of animal species including rats and mice, in which a brain-supplying artery, often the middle cerebral artery, is occluded by mechanical devices including sutures, clips and hooks, pharmacological agents or delivery of blot clots. Read More