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Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Apr 6;130(6):997-1007. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute of Neurology, Area of Neuroscience, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.

Objective: We tested whether acute cerebellar stroke may determine changes in brain network architecture as defined by cortical sources of EEG rhythms.

Methods: Graph parameters of 41 consecutive stroke patients (<5 days from the event) were studied using eLORETA EEG sources. Network rearrangements of stroke patients were investigated in delta, alpha 2, beta 2 and gamma bands in comparison with healthy subjects. Read More

Life Sci 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China. Electronic address:

Aims: NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported associated with some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We previously researches showed that interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) aggravates the ischaemic injury of the brain tissue. However, it is poorly understood whether the NLPR3 inflammasome was involved in regulating and activating the IL-23/IL-17 axis in ischaemic stroke. Read More

Brain Res Bull 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Although transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown beneficial effects on stroke, lower survival of MSCs limits effects. Extracellular regulating kinase 1/2 signaling (ERK1/2) is crucial for cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. This study was designed to explore whether MSCs modified by over-expressing ERK1/2 may reinforce beneficial effects on stroke in rats. Read More

Brain Circ 2019 Jan-Mar;5(1):27-31. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study intended to assess the occurrence of early signs of middle cerebral artery (MCA) on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in correlation with duration of the clinical features of stroke.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the electronic records of 20 patients with MCA infarction. The detected signs studied according to the onset of the clinical features of stroke to the time of CT imaging. Read More

Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Surgery, Trauma Center, National Medical Center.

Post-traumatic striatocapsular infarction is extremely rare and has been described only within the vascular territory of the perforating arteries originating from the middle cerebral artery (MCA). We recently encountered a patient presenting with unilateral multifocal striatocapsular hemorrhagic infarctions following mild head injury. This 25-year-old female was admitted to our trauma center after a motorcycle accident. Read More

Anal Chem 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Cerebral stroke is the leading cause of disability and death among adults worldwide, and results in numerous biochemical alterations. However, few efficient biomarkers are clinically available to diagnose cerebral stroke because of the limitations of biomarkers and their probes. In this work, we utilized frozen brain slices of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a mouse model of ischemia to select a specific binding aptamer, termed LCW17, by tissue-based SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). Read More

Mol Membr Biol 2019 Apr 16:1-25. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

a Department of Basic Medical Sciences , Medical College of Xiamen University , Xiang'an Nan Lu , Xiamen 361102 , China.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that vitamin C decreases the risk of stroke, which has generally been ascribed to its function as antioxidant and free radical scavenger. However, whether there is a defined molecular target for vitamin C on stroke is unknown. Utilizing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats as a model for ischemic stroke, we demonstrated that long-term, low-dose administration of vitamin C prior to MCAO could exert significant neuroprotective effect on the brain damage. Read More

Neurosurgery 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Neurosurgery and Stan-ford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.

Background: Poor natural history of hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease (MMD) is related to high rehemorrhage rates between 32% and 61%. Postrevascularization, rehemorrhage rates reportedly decrease to 12% to 17%.

Objective: To evaluate long-term functional outcomes and rehemorrhage rates of hemorrhagic MMD patients treated with surgical revascularization and examine these in relation to clinical and radiological factors. Read More

Cell Death Dis 2019 Apr 15;10(5):328. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, China.

Necroptosis contributes to ischemia-induced brain injury. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) has been reported to suppress necroptotic cell death under several pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of TRAF2 in experimental stroke using a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro cellular models. Read More

Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in Nanning, China.

Background: Cerebellar fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation (FNS) in rats has been shown to protect against brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage. Activation of telomerase has been reported to provide neuroprotection in animal models of stroke.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether precondition FNS increases the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase activity in rats after cerebral I/R injury. Read More

Ochsner J 2019 ;19(1):63-66

Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.

Carotid webs are luminal, shelf-like protrusions at the carotid bulb. Considered to be a variant of fibromuscular dysplasia, carotid webs have been observed principally in African American females. The association between carotid webs and recurrent ischemic strokes continues to be established as patients without traditional stroke risk factors are found to have carotid webs as the only possible cause of symptomatic deficits. Read More

Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.

CKLF1 is a chemokine with increased expression in ischemic brain, and targeting CKLF1 has shown therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia model. Microglia/macrophage polarization is a mechanism involved in poststroke injury expansion. Considering the quick and obvious response of CKLF1 and expeditious evolution of stroke lesions, we focused on the effects of CKLF1 on microglial/macrophage polarization at early stage of ischemic stroke (IS). Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China. Electronic address:

OCT4 is a key regulator in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Human OCT4 gene has three mRNA isoforms, termed OCT4A, OCT4B and OCT4B1. The 190-amino-acid protein isoform (OCT4B-190) is one of the major products of OCT4B mRNA, the biological function of which is still not well defined. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.

Background And Purpose: During mechanical thrombectomy for acute main trunk occlusion, we sometimes encounter difficult situation; 1 M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery is successfully recanalized, while the other remains occluded. In this study, we focused on the angiographical findings of remnant occlusion.

Methods: Among 83 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for the acute internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery (M1) occlusion, 25 patients (30%) intraoperatively exhibited the remnant M2 occlusion, in spite of the recanalization of the other M2. Read More

Phytomedicine 2019 Apr 6;59:152922. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 Zhejiang, China; Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:

Background: Inflammation is a major contributor to stroke pathology, making it a promising strategy for intervention. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, play essential roles in both the generation and resolution of neuroinflammation. In particular, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for microglial function and its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China. Electronic address:

Stroke is a life-threatening neurological disease with limited therapeutic options. Inflammation is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and contribute to the degree of brain injury. Vx-765 is a potent, selective, small-molecule caspase-1 inhibitor. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Apr 12:1-5. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

Moyamoya syndrome predisposes patients to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke due to progressive narrowing of intracranial vessels with subsequent small-vessel collateralization. Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) are most commonly noted after venous sinus or cortical vein thrombosis and are believed to be primarily due to venous hypertension and elevated sinus pressures, although there is no known association with moyamoya syndrome, or with surgical treatment for moyamoya disease (MMD). The authors present the case of a 14-year-old girl with Down syndrome treated using pial synangiosis for MMD who subsequently was noted to have bilateral DAVFs. Read More

Neurosci Bull 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Neurobiology and Institute for Basic Research on Aging and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.

MicroRNA-365 (miR-365) is upregulated in the ischemic brain and is involved in oxidative damage in the diabetic rat. However, it is unclear whether miR-365 regulates oxidative stress (OS)-mediated neuronal damage after ischemia. Here, we used a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats and the hydrogen peroxide-induced OS model in primary cultured neurons to assess the roles of miR-365 in neuronal damage. Read More

J Neurointerv Surg 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Background: The Society of Neurointerventional Surgery revised its operational definition of emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) recently to include proximal M2 segment middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions. We sought to assess the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) over best medical care for M2 segment MCA occlusion.

Methods: Patient level data from trials in the HERMES Collaboration were included. Read More

FEBS Open Bio 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Technology Center, Weifang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, China.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, but treatment options remain limited. Recent studies have suggested that cerebral ischemia-induced neurogenesis plays a vital role in post-stroke repair. Overactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master sensor of energy balance, has been reported to exacerbate neuron apoptosis, but the role of chronic AMPK stimulus in post-stroke recovery remains unclear. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 27;10:591. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Molecular Neurotrauma and Haemostasis, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a potent trigger of immunosuppression, resulting in increased infection risk. While thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is still the only pharmacological treatment for AIS, plasmin, the effector protease, has been reported to suppress dendritic cells (DCs), known for their potent antigen-presenting capacity. Accordingly, in the major group of thrombolyzed AIS patients who fail to reanalyze (>60%), t-PA might trigger unintended and potentially harmful immunosuppressive consequences instead of beneficial reperfusion. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 26;10:235. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Stroke is a leading global cause of adult disability. As the population ages as well as suffers co-morbidities, it is expected that the stroke burden will increase further. There are no established safe and effective restorative treatments to facilitate a good functional outcome in stroke patients. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2019 Apr 10;16(1):77. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Room P306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Background: During the acute stroke phase, neutrophils from the peripheral blood are first to arrive in the ischemic brain, which then attracts other immune cells that exacerbate neuroinflammation in the ischemic tissue. Myosin1f was reported to specifically mediate neutrophil migration in the peripheral tissues, but whether it plays a critical role in the neuroinflammatory response after ischemic stroke remains unknown. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that myosin1f-mediated neutrophil migration is critical in acute neuroinflammation induced by ischemic stroke. Read More

Neuroreport 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy.

Neuronal death is among the deleterious pathological changes that occur after cerebral ischemia and can lead to transient or permanent neurological deficits. The tetramethylpyrazine analog T-006 has been shown to be a multifunctional neuroprotective agent; however, its neuroprotective effect and mechanism of action have not been studied in ischemic stroke model rats. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of T-006 in rat stroke model using a battery of behavioral and molecular biological tests. Read More

Neuroreport 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Hand and Microsurgery Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.

Remote ischemia preconditioning (RIPC) is a convenient and effective method for alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, to date, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this research was to explore the protective mechanism of RIPC on the brain after CIRI. Read More

Cell Mol Immunol 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an initiator of the lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation, is detrimental in ischemic stroke, as shown in clinical studies and rodent models. Whereas humans have one functional MBL protein, rodents have two isoforms, MBL-A and MBL-C, whose functions relative to that of human MBL are unknown. To permit the clinical translation of preclinical data, we aimed to define the specific contributions of MBL-A and MBL-C to brain ischemia. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Aug;14(8):1412-1418

Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.

Many studies have demonstrated that leukoaraiosis is associated with impaired cerebrovascular reserve function. However, the definitive hemodynamic changes that occur in leukoaraiosis are not clear, and there are many controversies. This study aimed to investigate hemodynamic changes in symptomatic leukoaraiosis using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and the breath-holding test in a Chinese Han population, from northern China. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Aug;14(8):1387-1393

Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 8 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Rehabilitation training is believed to be beneficial to patients with stroke, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Rat models of cerebral ischemic stroke were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion, and then received treadmill training of different intensities, twice a day for 30 minutes for 1 week. Low-intensity training was conducted at 5 m/min, with a 10-minute running, 10-minute rest, and 10-minute running cycle. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2019 Apr 8;16(1):75. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.

Background: Activation of microglial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Inhibiting the activation of microglial cells has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary microglial cells and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6 mice were used as the in vitro and in vivo ischemic stroke models. Read More

J Vis Exp 2019 Mar 21(145). Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Dept. of Rehabilitation Med, New York University Langone Health; Dept. of Neurology, New York University Langone Health.

The objective analysis of eye movements has a significant history and has been long proven to be an important research tool in the setting of brain injury. Quantitative recordings have a strong capacity to screen diagnostically. Concurrent examinations of the eye and upper limb movements directed toward shared functional goals (e. Read More

Pharm Biol 2019 Dec;57(1):255-262

b Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

Context: The hydroalcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri Bilhar (Umbelliferae) (DA) leaves, a medicinal plant, has powerful antioxidant properties.

Objective: This study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of pre-treatment with DA leaves extract against cerebral ischaemia-induced brain injury through alteration of the antioxidant capacity.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in three groups of Wistar rats (N = 47) as follows; sham, control ischaemic and pre-treated ischaemic groups. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.

Background: The superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis (STA-MCA bypass) is currently performed to prevent atherosclerotic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. However, the benefits of the bypass surgery remain controversial. To ensure consistent surgical benefits, understanding the mechanisms of perioperative cerebral infarction (CI) is required. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2019 Apr 4;164:115-128. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Electronic address:

Uric acid (UA) is a promising protective treatment in ischaemic stroke, but the precise molecular targets underlying its in vivo beneficial actions remain unclear. High concentrations of UA inhibit angiogenesis of cultured endothelial cells via Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF)-induced downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic mediator that is able to increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in acute stroke. Here, we investigated whether UA treatment after ischaemic stroke protects brain endothelial cell functions and modulates the KLF2-VEGF-A axis. Read More

Brain Behav Immun 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité & CART, INSERM U965, F-75475 Paris, France; Service de Physiologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75475 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Stroke is currently the second leading cause of death in industrialized countries and the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for stroke that exacerbates the severity of lesions, disability and cognitive decline. There is increasing evidence that sustained brain inflammation may account for this long-term prejudicial outcome in diabetic patients in particular. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2019 Apr 5;16(1):72. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.

Background: Diabetes is known to be a main risk factor of post-stroke hemorrhagic transformation following recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy. However, the mechanism through which diabetes exacerbates hemorrhagic transformation is insufficiently understood. We aimed to verify that CD147, the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inducer, played a vital role in the progress. Read More

Neuroreport 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Institute of Brain Science.

It is generally understood that continuing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke can exacerbate the brain damage. During the inflammatory hematogenous recruitment process, the monocytes and macrophages are activated into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 cell types. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity has been reported to regulate monocytes/macrophages, and attenuates neuroinflammation. Read More

Med Gas Res 2019 Jan-Mar;9(1):46-51

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Department of Anesthesiology; Department of Neurosurgery Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Isoflurane is a regularly used anesthetic in translational research. Isoflurane facilitates invasive surgery and a rapid recovery. Specifically, in the pathology of stroke, controversy has surrounded isoflurane's intrinsic neuroprotective abilities, affecting apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and blood brain barrier disruption. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2019 4;2019:4273290. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

The Department of Rehabilitation, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, China.

No pharmacological treatment is currently available to protect brain from neuronal damage after ischemic stroke. Recent studies found that enkephalin may play an important role in neuron regeneration. We assembled a homogeneous size vesicle constituted by transferrin, exosomes, and enkephalin. Read More

J Transl Med 2019 Apr 4;17(1):111. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Biotherapy and Oncology, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518001, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.

Background: A stroke caused by angiostenosis always has a poor prognosis. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are widely applied in vascular regeneration. Recently, thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) was reported to promote the regeneration of blood vessels and enhance the function of endothelial cells in angiogenesis. Read More

J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2019 Mar-Apr,;33(2):375-384

The Second Internal Medicine-Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China.

This study was aimed to investigate whether interferon (IFN)-induced protein 35 (IFI35) affects the signaling pathway of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and to observe the effect of different expressions of IFI35 on the proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis in rats with acute cerebral infarction. A suture method was adopted to prepare a mouse model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO). After the treatment of cerebral artery occlusion in 200 healthy male mice (weighting 20g-40g), 47 mice were selected and the double luciferase assay was used to identify different structural domains of IFI35; for the remaining 153 mice, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical assays were used to detect the mRNA expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and CD105 (endoglin). Read More

Aging Cell 2019 Apr 3:e12940. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with abnormal development and pathophysiology in the brain. Increasing evidence has indicated that ischemic stroke is becoming the most common cerebral disease in aging populations. The treatment of ischemic stroke is challenging, due in part to ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Read More

Stroke 2019 Apr 4:STROKEAHA119024757. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå, Sweden (L.Z., J.M.).

Background and Purpose- Four-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging enables quantification of blood flow rate (BFR; mL/min) in multiple cerebral arteries simultaneously, making it a promising technique for hemodynamic investigation in patients with stroke. The aim of this study was to quantify the hemodynamic disturbance and the compensatory pattern of collateral flow in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Methods- Thirty-eight patients (mean, 72 years; 27 men) with symptomatic carotid stenosis (≥50%) or occlusion were investigated using 4-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Shenzhen Research Institute , Hunan University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518000 , China.

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death among adults worldwide, while the mechanisms underlying neuronal death and dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the differential proteomic profiles of mouse brain homogenate with 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia, or sham, using Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, followed by mass spectrometry. We identified enolase1 (ENO1), a key glycolytic enzyme, as a potential mediator of neuronal injury in MCAO ischemic model. Read More

J Neurosci Res 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

Background: Early changes in acid/base and electrolyte concentrations could provide insights into the development of neuropathology at the onset of stroke. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte concentrations, and outcomes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model.

Methods: 18-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent pMCAO. Read More

Neuromolecular Med 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.

Stroke remains a significant unmet clinical need with limited therapeutic options. The peculiar feature of ischemic stroke is the interruption in brain circulation, resulting in a cascade of detrimental cerebrovasculature alterations. Treatment strategies designed to maintain potency of the cerebrovasculature may protect against stroke. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 19;10:208. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a common phenotype across a variety of neurological diseases, particularly prevalent in stroke patients; however, vascular territory dependent variation in WMH burden has not yet been identified. Here, we sought to investigate the spatial specificity of WMH burden in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We created a novel age-appropriate high-resolution brain template and anatomically delineated the cerebral vascular territories. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2019 26;2019:5984094. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria.

Thromboembolic complications are rare but well-recognized manifestation of ulcerative colitis, especially because of their associated high mortality. We report a case of a Syrian child admitted to Damascus Hospital with a one-day complaint of sudden onset of numbness followed by weakness in the left lower and upper limbs, right mouth angle deviation, and loss of sphincters' control. Earlier, she was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and treated with immunosuppressants. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019 26;2019:9089035. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.

Despite the increase in cognitive deficit following stroke in metabolic syndrome (MetS) condition, the therapeutic strategy is still limited. Since oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play the crucial roles on the pathophysiology of aforementioned conditions, the cognitive enhancing effect of the combined extract of and was considered based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects together with the synergistic effect concept. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were induced metabolic syndrome-like condition by using a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHF diet). Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2019 18;14:1979-1991. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

University of Westminster, Research Centre for Optimal Health, London, UK.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition, with metabolic derangement and persistent inflammation enhancing the initial insult of ischaemia. Recombinant tissue plasminogen remains the only effective treatment but limited as therapy must commence soon after the onset of symptoms.

Purpose: We investigated whether acetate, which modulates many pathways including inflammation, may attenuate brain injury in stroke. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS1 3EX, United Kingdom.

Ischaemic stroke secondary to isolated internal carotid artery thrombus without risk factors is uncommon. A 55-year-old woman presented to the acute stroke unit with acute right middle cerebral artery territory infarction secondary to right internal carotid artery occlusion. There were no risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, but mediastinal imaging showed the presence of a large retrosternal goitre which was displacing the mediastinal structures including the brachiocephalic and common carotid artery. Read More