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J Med Vasc 2021 May 15;46(3):114-122. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Vascular Medicine, 30 Place Louis Jouvet, 38100 Grenoble, France. Electronic address:

Isolated foot vein thrombosis is an infrequently reported condition, the cause of which is still questioned. Four new cases are detailed, covering different physio-pathological situations ranging from plantar vein to Lejars' sole thrombosis. They are compared to the literature. Read More

Foot Ankle Clin 2021 Jun 17;26(2):291-304. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Center of Excellence for Foot and Ankle Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland.

Whereas tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling over the deltoid ligament have relatively poor sensitivity, resulting valgus and pronation deformity that is seen to disappear when the patient is asked to activate the posterior tibial muscle or to go in tiptoe position is the hallmark for the presence of medial ankle instability. A pain on palpation at anteromedial edge of the ankle confirms the diagnosis. Various stress tests permit to confirm and specify the injury pattern. Read More

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Educational Center for Practical Anatomy, Brno, Czech Republic.

Aims: To assess the results of a biomechanical test of cadaveric specimens, comparing 2 methods of fixation of modified Lapidus arthrodesis in combination with arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Methods: A total of 12 cadaveric specimens were used in the test. Arthrodesis of the first MTP joint was in all patients fixed with a Variable Angle LCP 1st MTP Fusion Plate 2. Read More

J Exp Biol 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Feet must mediate substrate interactions across an animal's entire range of limb poses used in life. Metatarsals, the 'bones of the sole,' are the dominant pedal skeletal elements for most tetrapods. In plantigrade species that walk on the entirety of their sole, such as living crocodylians, intermetatarsal mobility offers the potential for a continuum of reconfiguration within the foot itself. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 6;13(4):e14334. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Anatomy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC.

The study aims to evaluate the treatment of moderate to severe forms of hallux valgus with the lowest invasiveness in soft tissues and especially with an alternative modified Chevron osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of the modified McBride procedure (capsuloplasty and release of specific concrete soft tissue structures) and the importance of the soft tissue manipulation in the particular surgery intra-operatively, as well as postoperative medical and personal care and duration of rehabilitation. Patients with an average age 58 years (range 51-65), who underwent a Chevron type osteotomy with combination of soft tissues interventions laterally and medially of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, for symptoms they had of systematic hallux valgus without any other degenerative problems in metatarsophalangeal joint between 2017 to the beginning of 2018, were retrospectively reviewed with an average follow-up of 29 months (range 26-31). Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Apr 18;47:101815. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Foot and Ankle Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK. Electronic address:

Background: One commonly encountered deformity within the cavovarus foot is plantarflexion of the first metatarsal which may be a primary or secondary deformity. Correcting the plantarflexion may be achieved through a dorsiflexion osteotomy although the optimal fixation device for this osteotomy has not been determined. This clinical study compared the outcomes using staples and locking plates. Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Apr 20;47:101803. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Academia Level 5, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore. Electronic address:

Introduction: Exposure of the adjacent Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint (MTPJ) commonly occurs after application of Topical Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (TNPWT) for a ray amputation wound. This is due to mechanical soft tissue erosion or trauma to the adjacent digital artery from direct pressure effect. This results in toe gangrene requiring a ray amputation and ultimately a larger wound bed. Read More

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021 May 7:1-28. Epub 2021 May 7.

School of Physical Therapy and Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT.

Background: Low-risk bone stress injuries (BSIs) of the tibia and metatarsal diaphysis account for >50% of BSIs in runners. They interrupt training and are managed using non-invasive approaches. The desire by all involved is for a speedy, but safe return to running. Read More

Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2021 ;88(2):137-143

Ortopedická klinika 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole, Praha.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin (MICA) is a percutaneous technique used to correct hallux valgus deformity. The combination of distal osteotomy of the first metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the big toe stabilized with internal fixation was used over the last decade. The retrospective study presents the results of measurements performed on preoperative and postoperative X-rays and offers a comparison with conventional osteotomies. Read More

Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2021 Apr;23(2):121-127

University Hospitals Derby and Burton , Orthopaedic Department, UK.

Background: Different methods have been adopted to treat delayed union and non-union of fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal using screws, plates and tension band wires. There has been increasing use of intramedullary screw fixation to treat these fractures with variable rates of success. The optimum screw diameter and properties have been a subject of debate. Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Apr 8;47:101801. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Centre ostéo-articulaire des Cèdres, 5, rue des Tropiques, Parc Galaxie-Sud, 38130 Échirolles, France.

Background: Metatarsal osteotomy is a major means of treating mechanical metatarsalgia. Open techniques are widely used, and notably that described by Weil. They have, however, certain drawbacks, and new types of osteotomy have been developed. Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Mar 12;47:101796. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Third Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, KAT Hospital, Nikis Avenue 2, Kifisia, 14651, Athens, Greece.

Isolated osteomyelitis of the cuboid bone is an extremely rare condition. A 32 year old man was evaluated for a painful and swollen right foot after a penetrating trauma and the presence of a sinus in the lateral aspect the midfoot. MRI findings were consistent with the presence of cuboid osteomyelitis. Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Jan 11;47:101766. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Musculoskeletal Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Saket, New Delhi, India.

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) affecting foot and ankle is rare, and the literature available on their clinical behavior and reconstructive options is scarce. Many authors consider these sites a special subset with high rates of local recurrence. Eighteen patients with GCTB of foot and ankle were treated from (March 2014 to February 2020). Read More

Foot (Edinb) 2021 Apr 19;47:101810. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Dufferin Area Family Health Team (DAFHT), 140 Rolling Hills Dr., Upper Level, Orangeville Ontario, L9W 4X8, Canada. Electronic address:

Limitations have been identified in the current state of primary care practises with regards to identifying and correctly categorizing foot deformity and its associated risk of developing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. This study aims to bridge these gaps through the implementation of additional categorization tools to be made available for primary care professionals. This study thus analysed the relationship between foot pressure distribution and amount in patients with diabetes with Hallux Valgus foot deformity, and its different stages, in order to better understand the clinical applications of the Manchester Scale. Read More

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2021 May-Jun 01;48(3):E5

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2021 May-Jun 01;48(3):253-255

Deborah Christensen, MSN, FNP-BC, CWON, Swedish Wound Healing Center, Seattle, Washington.

Background: The standard practice to heal neuropathic ulcers on the toes is to offload the affected areas with special types of therapeutic footwear including shoes and boots to reduce the amount of pressure on the wound. Once healed, the individual wears custom insoles to prevent the development of new wounds. In our practice, we found that some newly healed wounds will reulcerate despite wearing therapeutic footwear. Read More

Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Departamento de Genética, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Progressive fibrodysplasia ossificans is a rare genetic disease with heterozygous mutations (autosomal dominant inheritance) in the ACVR1 gene, which causes progressive heterotopic ossification in muscles, tendons, and ligaments, usually secondary to trauma. The ossification foci generate pain, joint ankyloses, and restricted movement. Congenital shortening and medial deviation first metatarsal of the foot is a distinctive feature. Read More

Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) 2021 Apr 29;56(2):235-243. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Serviço de Estatística Médica, Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

 The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle pain complaints, radiographic parameters, and functional performance in subjects with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 40) who are candidates to bariatric surgery.  Forty severely obese patients were evaluated at a bariatric surgery outpatient facility. These severely obese subjects (BMI > 40) were divided into two subgroups: those with BMI < 50 (n = 24) and BMI > 50 (n = 16). Read More

Foot Ankle Int 2021 Apr 30:10711007211001031. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated success in using autogenous bone graft for arthrodesis in patients with failed surgeries of the hallux. These patients have several causes for pain and dysfunction preoperatively, including a shortened first ray, nonunion, and poor hallux alignment.

Methods: In this study, a consecutive series of 36 patients (38 procedures) were treated with a patellar wedge interposition structural allograft to salvage bone loss from great toe arthrodesis malunion, painful joint replacement, failed osteotomy, or infection of the great toe metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint with shortening of the first ray. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 13;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan.

The combination of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis and resection arthroplasty of all lesser metatarsal heads has been historically considered the golden standard treatment for rheumatoid forefoot deformities. However, as recent improved management of rheumatoid arthritis have reduced progression of joint destruction, the surgical treatments for rheumatoid forefoot deformities have gradually changed from joint-sacrificing surgery, such as arthrodesis and resection arthroplasty, to joint-preserving surgery. The aim of this literature review was to provide current evidence for joint-preserving surgery for rheumatoid forefoot deformities. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2021 04 20;13(4). Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.

Ergotism is a common and increasing problem in Saskatchewan's livestock. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of ergot alkaloids is known to cause severe arterial vasoconstriction and gangrene through the activation of adrenergic and serotonergic receptors on vascular smooth muscles. The acute vascular effects of a single oral dose with high-level exposure to ergot alkaloids remain unknown and are examined in this study. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 Apr 22;8(5). Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea.

We report the successful management of gait dysfunction in a patient with coordination problems using an insole with a metatarsal inhibition bar (MIB) and a deep heel cup. Furthermore, we investigated the state of the neural tracts via diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). A 23-month-old boy with gait dysfunction presented with toe walking with a wide base and decreased hip flexion. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 12;18(8). Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Departamento de Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain.

: The relationship between growth of the foot and other anthropometric parameters during body development until puberty has been scarcely studied. Some studies propose that growth of the foot in length may be an early index of puberty. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between the growth of the foot in length and width with other anthropometric parameters, in prepubertal and early pubertal schoolchildren (Tanner stage II). Read More

Wounds 2021 Jan;33(1):E1-E5

Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Birkenhead, England;Arrowe Park Hospital, Birkenhead, England.

Introduction: Delayed healing and recurrence of diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs) is often related to excessive pressure. Offloading, a mainstay of treatment, can be achieved through a variety of methods. Although pressure mitigation should be continued after wound resolution to prevent recurrence, many offloading modalities are discontinued at that point, with providers instead relying on patient self-directed use of appropriate inserts and shoe gear. Read More

Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2021 Apr 28:15347346211003722. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

16734Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.

Microbiological cultures of per-wound bone biopsies have shown a lack of correlation and a high rate of false-negative results when compared with bone biopsy cultures in diabetic foot osteomyelitis. The selection of samples from the area of active osteomyelitis, which contains a complete census of the microorganisms responsible for the infection, is essential to properly guide antimicrobial treatment. We aimed to comparatively evaluate the quantitative and qualitative cultures taken from different areas, in metatarsal heads resected for osteomyelitis. Read More

Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol 2021 Apr 24. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, España.

Introduction: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary motor sensory neuropathy that frequently results in a cavovarus foot in the adult. Surgical treatment allows correction of the deformity while preserving an adequate range of motion.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the result of posterior tibial tendon transfer, first metatarsal ascent osteotomy, and calcaneal valgus osteotomy in the treatment of cavovarus foot secondary to CMT. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 Apr 27;21(1):200. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6-10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021 Apr 26. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Background: In adults, the fibularis tertius (FT) demonstrates great morphological variation. The present study classifies the types of FT insertion in human fetuses and compares their prevalence to the prevailing classification among adults.

Materials And Methods: Fifty spontaneously-aborted human fetuses (19 male, 31 female, 100 upper limbs in total) aged 18-38 weeks of gestation at death were examined. Read More

Technol Health Care 2021 Apr 21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.

Background: The foot is an important part of the human body. Its functions are mainly walking and load-bearing. It also keeps the human body stable and absorbs ground vibrations to protect important human organs. Read More

J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2021 Apr 23. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Kinesiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.

Purpose: To investigate foot and ankle somatosensory function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Ten children with spastic diplegia (age 15 ± 5 y; GMFCS I-III) and 11 typically developing (TD) peers (age 15 ± 10 y) participated in the study. Light touch pressure and two-point discrimination were assessed on the plantar side of the foot by using a monofilament kit and an aesthesiometer, respectively. Read More