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Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Introduction: The proximal femur is a common site for primary sarcomas and metastatic lesions. Although the early results of tumor prostheses are promising, the long-term results of reconstruction are unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors affecting prosthesis survival and complications after proximal femoral resection and reconstruction. Read More

Eur J Cancer 2021 Jun 2;152:100-115. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Oncologie endocrinienne, Département d'imagerie, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.

Introduction And Aim: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are aggressive malignant diseases. Platinum-etoposide (PE) combination is the standard first-line treatment, whatever the primary location. The NEC score and also retinoblastoma protein (Rb) status have been suggested to be predictive/prognostic factors in NEC. Read More

Mol Oncol 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Metastasis is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Particularly challenging is the management of metastatic cancer of unknown primary site (CUP), whose tissue of origin (TOO) remains undetermined even after extensive investigations and whose therapy is rather unspecific and poorly effective. Molecular approaches to identify the most probable TOO of CUPs can overcome some of these issues. Read More

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Purpose: Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) is a novel and highly promising radiotracer for PET/CT imaging. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to explore the potential of FAPI-PET/CT in gynecological malignancies. We assessed biodistribution, tumor uptake, and the influence of pre- or postmenopausal status on tracer accumulation in hormone-sensitive organs. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 3;9:619330. Epub 2021 May 3.

Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a type of metastatic cancer, the primary tumor site of which cannot be identified. CUP occupies approximately 5% of cancer incidences in the United States with usually unfavorable prognosis, making it a big threat to public health. Traditional methods to identify the tissue-of-origin (TOO) of CUP like immunohistochemistry can only deal with around 20% CUP patients. Read More

Nature 2021 Jun 5;594(7861):106-110. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin is an enigmatic group of diagnoses in which the primary anatomical site of tumour origin cannot be determined. This poses a considerable challenge, as modern therapeutics are predominantly specific to the primary tumour. Recent research has focused on using genomics and transcriptomics to identify the origin of a tumour. Read More

Iran J Pathol 2021 21;16(2):232-236. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Germ cell teratomas belong to non-seminomatous germ cell tumors and account for 95% of malignant testicular tumors. Regarding the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, testicular teratomas are divided into prepubertal and post-pubertal subtypes based on patients' age. The term "burned-out testicular tumor" is a very rare condition referring to a regressed testicular tumor which presents with its metastases without any clinical finding in the testicle. Read More

J Cytol 2021 Jan-Mar;38(1):8-13. Epub 2021 Jan 8.

Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Context: Subtyping of solitary pulmonary lesion (SPL) in small amount of cytology specimen using a limited panel of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers is very important to the correct choice of treatment. This study was performed to categorize non-small cell carcinoma-not otherwise specified (NSCC-NOS) on cytology in patients with SPL, especially with regard to the incidence of metastatic cancer.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed 91 cases, in which a precise morphology-based, lineage-specific IHC-aided subtyping was not possible, that qualified as NSCC-NOS on cytology. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021 Apr 18. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.

We report a case of synchronous high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of unknown primary in the rectum. A 74-year-old woman was diagnosed with CIN3 by biopsy of the uterine cervix. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two masses in the outer rectal wall. Read More

Anticancer Res 2021 Apr;41(4):2071-2078

Department of Medical Oncology, ENETS Center of Excellence, IPC NET Center, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.

Background/aim: FOLFOX (5-Fluorouracile and oxaliplatin) exhibits promising activity in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This retrospective study aimed to analyze the outcome of metastatic enteropancreatic NETs patients treated with FOLFOX.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively identified patients treated with FOLFOX for NETs of enteropancreatic or unknown origin among those referred to our Regional Multidisciplinary Tumor Board. Read More

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Endocrine oncology unit, Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France.

Context: Locally advanced pheochromocytoma (LAP) behavior remains unknown.

Objective: To characterize this population and its recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Design: A retrospective multicentric study run within the ENDOCAN-COMETE network and GTE from 2003 to 2018. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 3;11:634563. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) describes patients with metastatic disease without an identified primary tumor site. Successful diagnosis and treatment of these patients remains difficult. Published guidelines on CUP have highlighted "favorable" subtype groups. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 17;2021:6653793. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a type of malignant tumor, which is histologically diagnosed as a metastatic carcinoma while the tissue-of-origin cannot be identified. CUP accounts for roughly 5% of all cancers. Traditional treatment for CUP is primarily broad-spectrum chemotherapy; however, the prognosis is relatively poor. Read More

Oncogene 2021 Mar 18;40(10):1909-1920. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

From the Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is aggressive, highly metastatic and characterized by a robust desmoplasia. Connexin proteins that form gap junctions have been implicated in tumor suppression for over 30 years. Cx43, the most widely expressed connexin, regulates cell behaviors, including migration and proliferation. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 Feb 22;10(2):2314-2322. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Department of Respiratory, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.

Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is defined as a pleural fluid with an eosinophilic count exceeding 10% and currently considered to be mainly caused by malignancy. However, the incidence, etiology and prognostic significance of malignant eosinophilic pleural effusion (MEPE) have not been studied extensively yet. Thus, the objective of this review was to summarize medical studies regarding MEPE to 2020 throughout an extensive search of PubMed. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Feb 3;13(4). Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Molecular profiling with next generation sequencing (NGS) delivers key information on mutant gene sequences, copy number alterations, gene-fusions, and with immunohistochemistry (IHC), is a valuable tool in clinical decision making for patients entering investigational agent trials. Our objective was to elucidate mutational profiles from primary versus metastatic sites from advanced cancer patients to guide rational therapy. All phase I patients ( = 203) with advanced cancer were profiled by commercially available NGS platforms. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 4;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare group of malignancy that originate from neuroendocrine cells present throughout the body. Most patients with NET first present with symptoms associated with metastasis, and up to 20% of patients have unknown primary site of tumour. Most common metastatic sites for small intestine NETs (SI-NETs) are the locoregional lymph nodes and liver. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Feb;50(2):143-146

Department of Pathology, the 924th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force (the 181st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin 541002, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Respir Med Case Rep 2021 19;32:101348. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe Red Cross Hospital, Kobe, Japan.

Background: Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) is a metastatic lung disease of malignant tumors that spread through pulmonary lymphatic vessels. Although prompt diagnosis and specific treatment of PLC are required due to the poor prognosis associated with this disease, it is often challenging to determine the primary cancer site.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with a 10-day history of cough and dyspnea on exertion. Read More

Trends Cancer 2021 May 28;7(5):465-477. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare malignancy that presents with metastatic disease and no identifiable site of origin. Most patients have unfavorable features and attempts to treat based on tissue-of-origin identification have not yielded a survival advantage compared with empiric chemotherapy. Next-generation sequencing has revealed genomic alterations that can be targeted in selected cases, suggesting that CUP represents a unique malignancy in which the genomic aberrations may be integral to the diagnosis. Read More

Clin Exp Metastasis 2021 Apr 30;38(2):231-238. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Department of Research & Development, Comprehensive Cancer Organisation Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) present with metastatic disease without an identified primary tumour. The unknown site of origin makes the diagnostic work-up and treatment challenging. Since little information is available regarding diagnostic work-up and treatment in daily practice, we collected and analysed these in a patient cohort with regard to the recommendations of the national CUP guideline. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Jan 25;13(3). Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Distant metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced tumors. A standard diagnostic workup usually contains the identification of the tissue-of-origin of metastatic tumors, although under certain circumstances, it remains elusive. This disease setting is defined as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021 Jan 14;40(1):32. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060, Candiolo, TO, Italy.

Background: The receptor encoded by the MET oncogene and its ligand Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) are at the core of the invasive-metastatic behavior. In a number of instances genetic alterations result in ligand-independent onset of malignancy (MET addiction). More frequently, ligand stimulation of wild-type MET contributes to progression toward metastasis (MET expedience). Read More

Epigenomics 2021 Mar 12;13(5):369-377. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor management is extremely challenging, particularly the metastatic disease. The underlying mechanism in metastasis spread remains largely unknown. We aimed to characterize miRNAs involved in the metastatic process in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Read More

Bull Cancer 2021 Jan 6;108(1):55-66. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Université de Bordeaux, Inserm U1218, 33000 Bordeaux, France.

The editorial committee of the Bulletin du Cancer is proud to comply with his annual analysis of some of the worldwide updates in oncology that emerge in 2020. We know that all new breakthroughs will not be addressed and apologise for not being comprehensive, but we hope that the topics deciphered herein will bring the reader interesting information in his daily practice in gyneco-oncology, uro-oncology, neuro-oncology, digestive oncology, pneumo-oncology, hemato-oncology, pediatric oncology, or in palliative care. Read More

Dermatol Reports 2020 Sep 22;12(2):8841. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Medical Oncology Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental.

Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD) is an often-misdiagnosed rare disorder, whose cause remains unknown. Diagnosis is confirmed by skin biopsy. Primary treatment for EMPD is surgery. Read More

Front Genet 2020 21;11:614823. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Metastatic cervical carcinoma from unknown primary (MCCUP) accounts for 1-4% of all head and neck tumors, and identifying the primary site in MCCUP is challenging. The most common histopathological type of MCCUP is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and it remains difficult to identify the primary site pathologically. Therefore, it seems necessary and urgent to develop novel and effective methods to determine the primary site in MCCUP. Read More

Cancer Med 2021 02 6;10(3):974-988. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.

Background: Metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site (MACUP) is the most common cancer of unknown primary site, and shows worse prognosis. Prediction of its tumor site origin attracts a growing attention. However, the site determined by gene expression profiling does not have a significant impact on the survival. Read More

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021 Feb 28;158:103208. Epub 2020 Dec 28.

Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.

Melanoma of unknown primary site (MUP) comprises 3-4 % of all melanomas. It mostly presents in lymph nodes (LNs), followed by subcutaneous sites, and visceral organs; nevertheless, there is a trend of increase in the relative incidence of visceral counterpart in recent years. Spontaneous regression of the primary lesion is a well-established theory, based on the evidence that melanoma can undergo regression at the primary site. Read More

Clin Transl Med 2020 Dec;10(8):e246

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Background: Brain metastases explain the majority of mortality associated with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Cytology analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard, however, the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF (CSF-CTCs) are not well defined at the molecular and transcriptome levels.

Methods: We established an effective CSF-CTCs collection procedure and isolated individual CSF cells from five lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases (LUAD-LM) patients and three controls. Read More