542,653 results match your criteria Metabolic Disease and Stroke - Methylmalonic Acidemia
Aquat Toxicol 2018 Dec 5;207:91-100. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plants and as such is vital to many metabolic processes. Nevertheless, when present at elevated concentrations, Cu can exert toxic effects on plants by disrupting protein functions and promoting oxidative stress. Due to their proximity to the urbanised estuaries, seagrasses are vulnerable to chemical contamination via industrial runoff, waste discharges and leachates. Read More
Eur J Med Chem 2018 Dec 7;163:527-545. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 11369, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2G3, Canada. Electronic address:
Curcuma longa L., its derived extracts and even its major compound curcumin has a long history of use and doubtless effectiveness, reported through increasingly detailed in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo and even clinical trials. Regarding its biological effects, multiple health-promoting, disease-preventing and even treatment attributes has been remarkably highlighted. Read More
Biomed Pharmacother 2018 Dec 12;111:6-18. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. Electronic address:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of several cellular damage and thus associated with equine diseases such as inflammation and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the protective and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract prepared from Cladophora glomerata (C. glomerata) biomass, on equine adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (EqASCs), under experimental oxidative stress induced by HO. Read More
Psychiatry Res 2018 Dec 7;271:535-540. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Room 6A-44, Bronx, NY, United States.
This is a selective review of the work of Buchsbaum and colleagues. It revisits and pays tribute to four decades of publications employing positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to examine the neurobiology of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (including schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and schizophrenia). Beginning with a landmark FDG-PET study in 1982 reporting hypofrontality in unmedicated schizophrenia patients, Buchsbaum and colleagues published high-impact work on regional glucose metabolic rate (GMR) abnormalities in the spectrum. Read More
J Nutr Biochem 2018 Nov 10;64:206-217. Epub 2018 Nov 10.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address:
Normally, the gut microbiota has a mutually beneficial association with host health and maintains its commensal status in mammals. Conversely, it can also negatively influence host physiology under some certain circumstances, including obesity and other disease states. Although numerous gut microbial functions directly affect the gastrointestinal tract, in this paper, we focus on the influences of the gut microbiota on host adipose tissue and energy metabolism, particularly lipometabolism. Read More
J Proteomics 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address:
Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a robust proteomics method with advantages such as reproducibility and easy handling. This method is popular for the analysis of mammalian cells. However, amino acid conversion in bacteria decreases the labeling efficiency and quantification accuracy, limiting the application of SILAC in bacterial proteomics to auxotrophic bacteria or to single labeling with lysine. Read More
Toxicol In Vitro 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States. Electronic address:
Many of the toxicants in tobacco smoke undergo biotransformation in the lungs of smokers, both to reactive and to detoxified derivatives. Human air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue models have emerged as an advanced in vitro model for evaluating the toxicity of inhaled substances; however, the metabolic potential of these cultures has not been evaluated extensively. In this study, we compared the metabolic activities of an ALI tissue model to the undifferentiated normal human primary bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells from which it was derived. Read More
Genomics 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India. Electronic address:
Metagenome from refinery wastewater treatment plant running under nitrogen stress was analyzed for mining of novel aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The sequence data were assembled using metaspade followed by binning using the Metabat tool to assemble genome; where coverage and depth were calculated using bowtie and samtools. The analysis picked a novel genome belonging to family Bradyrhizobiaceae, identified based on 16S rDNA gene which was supported by CheckM and Kraken analysis. Read More
J Dent 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address:
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel multifunctional composite with nanoparticles of silver (NAg), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP); and (2) investigate biofilm-inhibition via the multifunctional nanocomposite against three species of periodontal pathogens for the first time.
Methods: The multifunctional nanocomposite was fabricated by incorporating NAg, MPC, DMAHDM and NACP into the resin consisting of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMDGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). Three species (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum) were tested for metabolic activity (MTT), live/dead staining, polysaccharide production and colony-forming units (CFU) of biofilms grown on resins. Read More
Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:
The role of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in browning and thermogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we meant to evaluate the effect of EPA and DHA, administered alone or combined, with the activation of browning markers in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue (BAT). C57BL/6 adult male mice received a control diet or a high-fructose diet (HFru) for eight weeks, but after the first three weeks, HFru was divided into new groups: HFru, HFru + EPA, HFru + DHA, and HFru-EPA + DHA. Read More
Microvasc Res 2018 Dec 12. Epub 2018 Dec 12.
Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil. Electronic address:
Background: The choroid plexus (CP), main component of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), protects the brain from peripheral inflammation similar to the blood-brain barrier. Thus, CP is considered a critical target site of oxidative damage, which in sepsis oxidative stress is likely to be a major step in the development of brain damage. Functional alterations in CP may be associated with sepsis-induced brain injury. Read More
Swiss Med Wkly 2018 Dec 15;148:w14689. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Austria / Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
Aims Of The Study: Allostatic load (AL), as a marker of cumulative stress, is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and reduced health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in healthy adults. In patients with hypertension, AL and its association with HrQoL have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) explore AL in a cohort of hypertensive patients and to (2) determine its association with HrQoL, while controlling for other health-related variables. Read More
Immunology 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Healthy white adipose tissue (WAT) participates in regulating systemic metabolism, whilst dysfunctional WAT plays a prominent role in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. Tissue resident immune cells are important for maintaining WAT homeostasis, including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) which are critical in the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses. Due to phenotypic overlap with other myeloid cells, the distinct contribution of WAT cDCs has been poorly understood. Read More
Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2018 Nov 1;46(6):217-25. Epub 2018 Nov 1.
Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental. Hospital Universitario de Valme. Sevilla. España.
Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, its origins are still unclear.
The Aim Of This Study: to determine the prevalence and causal factors of sexual dysfunction in a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.
Methods: The study was designed to be cross-sectional and naturalistic, including outpatients with schizophrenia undergoing second generation antipsychotic monotherapy. Read More
Diabetes Obes Metab 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Clinical Research, Endocrine and Metabolic Consultants, Rockville, MD, USA.
Aims: To compare the real-world effectiveness of insulin degludec (degludec) and glargine 300 units/mL (glargine U300) in insulin-naïve adult patients with type 2 diabetes in routine US clinical practice.
Materials And Methods: CONFIRM is a non-interventional comparative effectiveness study following US patients across the continuum of care, through electronic medical records from multiple health systems and integrated delivery networks. Propensity-score matching controlled for confounding. Read More
Diabetes Obes Metab 2018 Dec 15. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
Aim: Pharmacologic administration of insulin as nasal spray in humans has demonstrated a modulation of endogenous glucose production via the brain when systemic insulin levels are high. Results are conflicting under fasting insulin concentrations. To evaluate effects of brain insulin on endogenous glucose production in fasting humans with focus on hepatic glucose release, we performed a randomized, placebo controlled, blinded, cross-over experiment. Read More
Xenotransplantation 2018 Dec 15:e12476. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Section of Cardiovascular, Endocrine and Metabolic Clinical Physiology, and Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Background: Our previous in vitro demonstration of the immunoregulatory effects of microencapsulated hUCMS on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) extracted from patients with recent onset, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), prompted us to test our product for xenograft (TX) in non obese diabetic (NOD) mice with spontaneous DM.
Methods: We transplanted microencapsulated hUCMS into the peritoneal cavity of NOD mice with either severe or mild DM. Blood glucose (BG) levels were monitored following TX, in either basal or upon glucose stimulation. Read More
Genes Brain Behav 2018 Dec 15:e12547. Epub 2018 Dec 15.
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Individuals with autism constitute a variable population whose members are spread along the autism spectrum. Sub-populations within that spectrum exhibit other conditions, such as anxiety, intellectual disabilities, hyperactivity and epilepsy, with different severities and co-occurrences. Among the genes associated with the increased risk for autism is the methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism, which impairs one-carbon metabolic pathway efficiency. Read More
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional, physiological and immunological effects of a plant-derived blend of isoquinoline alkaloids (Sangrovit® Extra) in healthy dogs. Two groups of healthy, adult beagles (N = 10) were tested in a cross-over experiment, lasting two consecutive three-week periods. The experimental group received 1. Read More
Biotechnol Bioeng 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Direct conversion of carbon dioxide into chemicals using engineered autotrophic microorganisms offers a potential solution for both sustainability and carbon mitigation. Butyrate is an important chemical used in various industries, including fragrance, food, and plastics. A model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was engineered for the direct photosynthetic conversion of CO to butyrate. Read More
J Cell Physiol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
School of Medicine, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, QLD.
The most important cause of developing hereditary breast cancer is germline mutations occurring in breast cancer (BCs) susceptibility genes, for example, BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, CHEK2, PTEN, ATM, and PPM1D. Many BC susceptibility genes can be grouped into two classes, high- and low-penetrance genes, each of which interact with multiple genes and environmental factors. However, the penetrance of genes can also be represented by a spectrum, which ranges between high and low. Read More
Mol Biol Rep 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
School of Foreign Languages, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses, which affects the yield and quality of banana (Musa paradisiaca). To understand the salinity tolerance mechanisms of banana, the iTRAQ technique is employed to reveal the proteomic response of Brazil banana under different durations of 60 mmol/L NaCl stress. We have identified 77 DEPs and classified them into nine functional categories, compared with control (0 mmol/L NaCl treatment). Read More
Cell Biochem Biophys 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Radiology and Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Drive, 601 Rubin Building, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.
The synthesis and antiproliferative effect of a novel curcumin analog, 4,4'-disulfonyldiarylidenyl piperidone, are reported. The design of the molecule is based on the fusion of an antiproliferative segment, namely diarylidenyl piperidone (DAP), with N-hyroxypyrroline, which is known to metabolically convert to nitroxide and protect healthy cells. Cellular uptake, metabolic conversion, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of the DAP derivative against HCT-116 human colon cancer cells have been determined. Read More
Arch Toxicol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most commonly used analgesics worldwide, and overdoses are associated with lactic acidosis, hepatocyte toxicity, and acute liver failure due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hepatoma cell lines typically lack the CYP450 activity to generate the reactive metabolite of APAP observed in vivo, but are still subject to APAP cytotoxicity. In this study, we employed metabolic profiling and isotope labelling approaches to investigate the metabolic impact of acute exposure to cytotoxic doses of APAP on the widely used HepG2 cell model. Read More
Sci Rep 2018 Dec 14;8(1):17844. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Plant Molecular Biology Group, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
Apple scab disease caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis is a devastating disease that seriously affects quality and yield of apples. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in scab resistance, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics analysis of the cell culture of scab resistant cultivar 'Florina' and scab susceptible cultivar 'Vista Bella' both prior -to and -following treatment with V. inaequalis elicitor (VIE). Read More
Sci Rep 2018 Dec 14;8(1):17863. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy. Affected individuals almost completely lack adipose tissue and suffer from severe diabetes and metabolic complications. Likewise, mice lacking Bscl2 in all tissues have dramatically reduced adipose mass, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinaemia. Read More
Sci Rep 2018 Dec 14;8(1):17847. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are a large class of enzymes that play essential roles in metabolic processes such as hormone synthesis and the catabolism of toxins and other chemicals in insects. In the present study, we identified 82 P450 genes using comprehensive RNA sequencing in the flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila, and all of the sequences were validated by cloning and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the P450 genes in A. Read More
Sci Rep 2018 Dec 14;8(1):17864. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Pediatric Endocrinology group, (Girona Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBGI, Girona, Spain.
Although alkaline phosphatase (ALP) correlates with cardiovascular risk in adults, there are no studies in children. We evaluated the association between serum ALP levels, calcium-phosphorus product (Ca*P) and cardiovascular risk markers in healthy children. Children aged 7. Read More
Nat Commun 2018 Dec 14;9(1):5332. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
Metabolism is highly regulated, allowing for robust and complex behavior. This behavior can often be achieved by controlling a small number of important metabolic reactions, or metabolic valves. Here, we present a method to identify the location of such valves: the metabolic valve enumerator (MoVE). Read More
Nat Commun 2018 Dec 14;9(1):5330. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, 14263, NY, USA.
Understanding metabolic dysregulation in different disease settings is vital for the safe and effective incorporation of metabolism-targeted therapeutics in the clinic. Here, using transcriptomic data for 10,704 tumor and normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, across 26 disease sites, we present a novel bioinformatics pipeline that distinguishes tumor from normal tissues, based on differential gene expression for 114 metabolic pathways. We confirm pathway dysregulation in separate patient populations, demonstrating the robustness of our approach. Read More
J Physiol Pharmacol 2018 Aug 9;69(4). Epub 2018 Dec 9.
Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Chronic inflammation is a critical feature of obesity in the development of myocardial dysfunction. The observations that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is implicated in lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as its connection with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance might suggest the involvement of this cytokine in metabolic disorders of the failing heart. In the present study we aimed to assess the effects of IL-6 ablation in mice fed with normal and high fat diet on the myocardial expression of glucose and fatty acid transporting proteins, and to evaluate the paralleled alterations in lipid content. Read More
J Lipid Res 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;
Effects of PUFAs on metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain to be characterized, particularly in Asians. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of PUFAs with MetS and the role of acylcarnitines in these associations in Chinese. Among 1,245 Chinese aged 50-70 who completed a 6-yr follow-up, baseline erythrocyte FAs and plasma acylcarnitines were profiled using gas chromatography coupled with positive chemical ionization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Read More
BMJ Open 2018 Dec 14;8(12):e024004. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Health Sciences and Education, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Objective: To translate an informed shared decision-making programme (ISDM-P) for patients with type 2 diabetes from a specialised diabetes centre to the primary care setting.
Design: Patient-blinded, two-arm multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial of 6 months follow-up; concealed randomisation of practices after patient recruitment and acquisition of baseline data.
Setting: 22 general practices providing care according to the German Disease Management Programme (DMP) for type 2 diabetes. Read More
Plant Physiol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
The Pennsylvania State University CITY: University Park STATE: Pennsylvania POSTAL_CODE: n/a United States Of America [US]
Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 (Synechococcus 2973) has the shortest reported doubling time (2.1 h) among cyanobacteria, making it a promising platform for the solar-based production of biochemicals. In this meta-analysis, its intracellular flux distribution was re-computed using genome-scale Isotopic Non-Stationary-13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis (INST-MFA) given the labeling dynamics of 13 metabolites reported in an earlier study. Read More
Appl Environ Microbiol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
An inherent issue of high-throughput rRNA gene tag sequencing microbiome surveys is that they provide compositional data in relative abundances. This often leads to spurious correlations making the interpretation of relationships to biogeochemical rates challenging. To overcome this issue, we quantitatively estimated the abundance of microorganisms by spiking in known amounts of internal DNA standards. Read More
J Immunol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045;
Aging of established antiviral T cell memory can foster a series of progressive adaptations that paradoxically improve rather than compromise protective CD8 T cell immunity. We now provide evidence that this gradual evolution, the pace of which is contingent on the precise context of the primary response, also impinges on the molecular mechanisms that regulate CD8 memory T cell (T) homeostasis. Over time, CD8 T generated in the wake of an acute infection with the natural murine pathogen lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus become more resistant to apoptosis and acquire enhanced cytokine responsiveness without adjusting their homeostatic proliferation rates; concurrent metabolic adaptations promote increased CD8 T quiescence and fitness but also impart the reacquisition of a partial effector-like metabolic profile; and a gradual redistribution of aging CD8 T from blood and nonlymphoid tissues to lymphatic organs results in CD8 T accumulations in bone marrow, splenic white pulp, and, particularly, lymph nodes. Read More
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
Many cyanobacteria, which use light as an energy source via photosynthesis, have evolved the ability to guide their movement toward or away from a light source. This process, termed "phototaxis," enables organisms to localize in optimal light environments for improved growth and fitness. Mechanisms of phototaxis have been studied in the coccoid cyanobacterium sp. Read More
Diabetes Care 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Objective: Diabetes prevalence and incidence increase among individuals with hypothyroidism but also among those with hyperthyroxinemia, which seems contradictory. Both high free thyroxine (fT4) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are present in the resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome. A mild acquired resistance to thyroid hormone might occur in the general population and be associated with diabetes. Read More
Diabetes 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Sanofi Research and Development, Industriepark Hoechst, H823, D-64926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Antisense oligonucleotide knockdown (ASO-KD) of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice has been reported to reduce weight gain, plasma insulin and improve glucose tolerance. Using NNMT-ASO-KD or NNMT knockout mice (NNMT), we tested the hypothesis that deletion protects against diet-induced obesity and its metabolic consequences in males and females on obesity-inducing diets. We also examined samples from a human weight reduction (WR) study for adipose (a) expression and plasma 1-methylnicotinamide (MNAM) levels. Read More
Diabetes 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
The first genome-wide association study of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus was performed in Japanese individuals. As previously reported using a candidate gene approach, a strong association was observed with multiple SNPs in the HLA region, and the strongest association was observed with rs9268853 in the class II DR region (P=1.56 x 10, odds ratio [OR] 3. Read More
Drug Metab Dispos 2019 Jan 14;47(1):58-66. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut (T.S.C., H.Y., D.T.); Hepregen Corporation, Medford, Massachusetts (A.M.); and Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (S.R.K.).
Generating accurate in vitro intrinsic clearance data is an important aspect of predicting in vivo human clearance. Primary hepatocytes in suspension are routinely used to predict in vivo clearance; however, incubation times have typically been limited to 4-6 hours, which is not long enough to accurately evaluate the metabolic stability of slowly metabolized compounds. HepatoPac is a micropatterened hepatocyte-fibroblast coculture system that can be used for continuous incubations of up to 7 days. Read More
Bioorg Med Chem 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Bioinformatics and Chemical Genomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. Electronic address:
Hepatitis B, a viral infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a life-threatening disease that leads liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Because the current treatments for HBV, such as an interferon (IFN) formulation or nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, are not sufficient, the development of a more effective agent for HBV is urgent required. CDM-3008 (1, 2-(2,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridin-8-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (RO8191)) is a small molecule with an imidazo[1,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine scaffold that shows anti-HCV activity with an IFN-like effect. Read More
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018 Dec 1. Epub 2018 Dec 1.
Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Medicine and Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare disease with an indolent behavior due to the low malignant potential. The etiology is unknown. Somatic mutations of CDC73 gene, the same gene involved in the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, can be identified in up to 70% of patients with PC and in one-third of cases the mutations are germline. Read More
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan.
By further optimizing compound A [2'-fluoro-N-methyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide], we identified DSP-0565 [2-(2'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)acetamide, 17a] as a strong, broad-spectrum anti-epileptic drug (AED) candidate. Our efforts mainly focused on finding an alternative polar group for the sulfonamide in order to improve ADME profile of compound A including good metabolic stability and no reactive metabolic production. This led to the identification of biphenyl acetamide as a new scaffold for development of broad-spectrum AED candidates. Read More
Curr Opin Insect Sci 2018 Oct 28;29:21-26. Epub 2018 May 28.
School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea. Electronic address:
Immune-metabolic interactions are evolutionarily conserved phenomena observed in all metazoans, from invertebrates to vertebrates. Although it is believed that immune activation drives chronic metabolic diseases, clear conclusions about the reasons and mechanisms of cross-talk between immune and metabolic signaling cannot be drawn. The Drosophila insect model equipped with genetically well-defined immune and metabolic signaling pathways is suitable in understanding the molecular codes underlying immune-metabolic interactions. Read More
Curr Opin Insect Sci 2018 Oct 17;29:126-132. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Climate change may promote the decoupling of the different above-ground and below-ground compartments of high elevation ecosystems. Along elevation gradients, a trade-off between species tolerance to cold climates and metabolic rates dictates that cold adapted organisms display a lower efficiency in decomposition, growth or herbivory. As a consequence, if dispersal or evolution under climate change is systematically faster for agents of one compartment (e. Read More
Curr Opin Insect Sci 2018 Oct 26;29:1-6. Epub 2018 May 26.
Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address:
Omic studies of metabolic interactions between insects and their microbial symbionts enable us to construct precise hypotheses, especially regarding the metabolic services provided by microbial partners and the identity of metabolites exchanged between microorganisms and the insect host. Valuable sources of information include the complement of metabolism-related genes in the microbial partners, and differences in the abundance of transcripts, proteins or metabolites, either between microbe-bearing organs and the whole body or between insects bearing and lacking microbial symbionts. Hypotheses generated from omic data can, most productively, be tested by experiments using reverse genetics for precise manipulation of the gene expression. Read More
Genes (Basel) 2018 Dec 13;9(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Studies are increasingly showing that metabolic and circadian (~24 h) pathways are strongly interconnected, with the circadian system regulating the metabolic state of the cell, and metabolic products feeding back to entrain the oscillator. In plants, probably the most significant impact of the circadian system on metabolism is in its reciprocal regulation of photosynthesis; however, the pathways by which this occurs are still poorly understood. We have previously shown that members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family are involved in the photosynthate entrainment of the circadian oscillator. Read More
Children (Basel) 2018 Dec 13;5(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Pediatrics Residency Joint Programs, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common cause of pediatric liver disease due to overweight/obesity large-scale epidemics. In clinical practice, diagnosis is usually based on clinical features, blood tests, and liver imaging. Here, we underline the need to make a correct differential diagnosis for a number of genetic, metabolic, gastrointestinal, nutritional, endocrine, muscular, and systemic disorders, and for iatrogenic/viral/autoimmune hepatitis as well. Read More
Nutrients 2018 Dec 13;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 13.
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. Read More