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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), as part of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, is involved in blood pressure regulation and control several physiological functions. Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of has pronounced effects on development of metabolic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hypertension. However, association of I/D polymorphism with risk of diabetes in CVD patients is not known. Read More

Front Horm Res 2019 19;51:91-108. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a frequent complication of kidney diseases. At variance with all the other forms of SHP, which are compensatory conditions, renal SHP has many pathogenetic peculiarities, which have been only in part defined. Furthermore, in the long course of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), SHP sometimes transforms into a hypercalcemic condition resembling the autonomous form of hyperparathyroidism (tertiary hyperparathyroidism; THP). Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2019 Jan 7;165:1-10. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address:

Currently, only two drugs (i.e. benznidazole (BZN) and nifurtimox (NFX)) have been approved for the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection, the etiological agent causing Chagas disease. Read More

Adv Med Sci 2019 Jan 11;64(1):124-130. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.

The role of mast cell (MC) activity in pathophysiology is complex and challenging and its clinical effects are difficult to predict. Apart from the known role of MCs in basic immunological processes and allergy, underlined is their importance in bone mineralization and in regulation of autoimmune reactions. Mast cell mediators, especially those released from mast cells in degranulation, but also those released constitutively, are important both in metabolic and immunological processes. Read More

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019 Jan 7;1106-1107:64-70. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

University Children's Hospital Münster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of inherited diseases causing manifold symptoms. Routine diagnostic procedures are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin.

Methods: We introduce a modified method to screen for glycosylation abnormalities from dried blood spot (DBS) samples based on isoelectric focusing. Read More

Environ Int 2019 Jan 11;124:98-108. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.

Background: The increased incidence of diseases, including metabolic syndrome and infertility, may be related to exposure to the mixture of chemicals, which are ubiquitous in the modern environment (environmental chemicals, ECs). Xeno-detoxification occurs within the liver which is also the source of many plasma proteins and growth factors and plays an important role in the regulation of homeostasis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ECs on aspects of liver function, in a well characterized ovine model of exposure to a real-life EC mixture. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Endocrine department, Dubai Hospital, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address:

Background: Physiology of intermittent and prolonged fasting is known from healthy subjects. Evidence on high and very high-risk groups is lacking. The anticipated risks include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration and thrombosis. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology at the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK. Electronic address:

Aims: Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression and may influence the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through the loss of insulin sensitivity. The aims of this study were to measure variation in DNA methylation at the type 2 diabetes locus KCNQ1 and assess its relationship with metabolic measures and with genotype.

Methods: DNA methylation from whole blood DNA was quantified using pyrosequencing at 5 CpG sites at the KCNQ1 locus in 510 individuals without diabetes from the 'Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease' (RISC) cohort. Read More

Neurosci Res 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. Electronic address:

The search for a blood-based biomarker that identifies Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can replace current invasive and expensive diagnostic tests, continues. The most extensively-examined peripheral marker is β-amyloid (Aβ) but the results are inconsistent across studies and do not reflect the changes that take place in the brain. Several studies have assessed possible proteomic signatures but with inconsistent findings, although increases in circulating inflammatory molecules are generally observed. Read More

J Hepatol 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. Electronic address:

Background And Aims: Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and reduced quality of life in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive bile duct disease of unknown origin. Although it is generally assumed that this pathology is a consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis and malabsorption, the cellular and molecular causes of PSC-associated osteoporosis are unknown.

Methods: We determined bone mineral density by dual-X-ray absorptiometry and assessed bone microstructure by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in PSC patients. Read More

Vopr Virusol 2018 ;63(6):250-260

National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation.

A number of synthetic compounds, such as the nucleoside analog ganciclovir, its L-valine ester (a metabolic precursor of ganciclovir) and pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, are permitted for the treatment of HCMVrelated diseases in the WHO European Region. The viral DNA- polymerase is used by all these drugs as a biotarget. However, the usage of standard anti-CMV therapy is accompanied by severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance in the virus, mainly in conditions of immunodefciency. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018 Oct 29. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.

Objectives: Data on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the youngest children are scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the range of normal values for fecal fat concentration (FFC) and fecal fat excretion (FFE) in infants and toddlers up to 2 years of age.

Methods: 160 subjects aged 1-24 months (8 groups of 20: aged 1-3, 4-6 months, etc. Read More

Orv Hetil 2019 Jan;160(3):93-97

Kórélettani Intézet, Safárik Egyetem, Orvosi Kar SK 04001 Košice, 1 SNP Avenue, Slovakia.

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease and its consequence is the gradual decrease of endogenous insulin secretion to a very low level. Beyond this point, without insulin it is not possible to achieve proper metabolic compensation. The authors are trying to explain why the insulin therapy is often delayed in type 2 diabetic patients despite existing guidelines about its initiation and continuation. Read More

Orv Hetil 2019 Jan;160(3):98-103

Egészségfejlesztési és Népegészségtani Tanszék, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Egészségtudományi Kar Pécs.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and depression have increased during the recent years. As the sexual dysfunction is also frequent, we aimed to search for the associations between sexual dysfunction and the metabolic syndrome and its components, respectively, by reviewing the literature. The clinical and biochemical components of the metabolic syndrome included cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, visceral obesity and depression, furthermore, insulin resistance, atherogenic lipid profile, hypogonadism, chronic systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were all demonstrated to affect adversely the sexual function. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Importance: There are limited data concerning the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders among individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) or chronic tic disorder (CTD).

Objective: To investigate the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders among individuals with TS or CTD over a period of 40 years.

Design, Settings, And Participants: This longitudinal population-based cohort study included all individuals living in Sweden between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 2013. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2018 Dec 31;397:156-161. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Guanidino compounds, including l-homoarginine (l-hArg), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and l-arginine (l-Arg) are associated with mortality, fatal strokes, stroke incidence, and atherosclerosis.

Objectives: We aimed to study the association of guanidino compounds (l-hArg/ADMA and l-hArg/SDMA) with stroke etiology, internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and CHADS-VASc score in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Methods: We analyzed l-hArg, SDMA, ADMA, l-Arg, and compound molar ratios, i. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 Jan 7;177:101-105. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and autoimmune disease associated with the imbalance of cytokines secreted from CD4 T cells. Studies have shown that vitamin A and its active derivatives are able to modulate the immune system in MS patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of retinyl palmitate (RP), the dietary form of vitamin A, on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the plasma and supernatants of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients. Read More

Redox Biol 2018 Dec 26;21:101091. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, which together predict increased risk of more serious chronic diseases. We propose that one consequence of dietary overnutrition is increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria in the gut that cause increased inflammation, impaired gut function, and endotoxemia that further dysregulate the already compromised antioxidant vitamin status in MetS. This discussion is timely because "healthy" individuals are no longer the societal norm and specialized dietary requirements are needed for the growing prevalence of MetS. Read More

Stem Cell Res 2018 Nov 30;34:101360. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

As one of the most essential genome guardians, p53 and its mutants have been suggested associated with many types of cancers. Many p53 mutants function induce unique phenotypes, including carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. The p53(R249S) mutation is the most prevalent and specific mutation associated with liver cancer development. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2019 Jan 9;68:164-170. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have broad immunomodulatory activities. These cells are a stable source of cytokine production such as interleukin-6 (IL6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Fatty acid elevation in chronic metabolic diseases alters the microenvironment of MSCs and thereby, might affect their survival and cytokine production. Read More

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Center For Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, United States; Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Diseases, Washington, DC, USA.

Background & Aims: The chronic liver disease questionnaire for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (CLDQ-NASH) was developed in a systematic manner for assessment of patient-reported outcomes. This instrument collects data on 36 items grouped into 6 domains: abdominal symptoms, activity/energy, emotional health, fatigue, systemic symptoms, and worry. We aimed to validate CLDQ-NASH in a large group of patients with NASH. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China. Electronic address:

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the major pathogens caused diseases in cultured mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Mud crabs lack an adaptive immune system, their defenses depend almost on innate immunity. Evaluation of the molecular responses of mud crabs to pathogens is essential for control of disease occurrence in farmed animals. Read More

Metabolism 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece.

Background/objectives: Metabolically benign obesity remains a scientific field of considerable debate.The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether metabolically healthy obese (MHO) status is a transient condition which propagates 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted during 2001-2012, the ATTICA study studying 1514 (49. Read More

Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA. Electronic address:

Cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and metabolic syndrome have high prevalence in the elderly population and are leading causes of death, disability, hospitalization, driving high healthcare costs worldwide. To reduce this social and economic burden there is urgency to find effective therapeutic targets. Several studies have linked the dysfunction of the Sympathetic Nervous System and β-adrenergic receptor signaling with the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular diseases. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Loss-of-function mutations in the ABCC6 gene cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and type 2 generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), heritable ectopic mineralization disorders without effective treatment. ABCC6 encodes the putative efflux transporter ABCC6 which is predominantly expressed in the liver. While the substrate of ABCC6 remains unknown, recent studies demonstrated that PXE is a metabolic disorder caused by reduced circulating levels of pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent mineralization inhibitor. Read More

EBioMedicine 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Bariatric surgery leads to early and long-lasting remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. Among several factors, gut hormones are thought to be crucial mediators of this effect. Read More

Hellenic J Cardiol 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Primary Education, School of Education, National & Kapodistrian, University of Athens, 13A Navarinou Str., Athens, 10680, Greece.

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are challenged to develop healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study explores the interrelationship of physical activity and self-efficacy levels in Greek children with corrected CHD and compares them to healthy controls.

Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 76 patients with operated CHD and 78 healthy volunteers (n=154) was conducted. Read More

Hellenic J Cardiol 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:

Background: This study in treated hypertensives in primary care assessed the diagnostic reliability of automated office blood pressure (OBP) measurements, by evaluating the prevalence of white-coat (WCH) and masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) phenomena.

Methods: Primary-care physicians nationwide in Greece assessed consecutive treated hypertensives using OBP (1 visit, triplicate measurements) and home blood pressure (HBP) measurements (7 days, duplicate morning and evening measurements). All measurements were performed using validated automated devices with Bluetooth capacity (Omron M7 Intelli-IT). Read More

Exp Gerontol 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Gerontology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China. Electronic address:

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of trimetazidine and l‑carnitine on heart aging and cardiac metabolism in the natural aging rats and explore the possible mechanism regarding the regulation of cardiac metabolic substrates.

Methods: A total of 28 young (2-month-old) and 28 aged (14-month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: young control (YC, n = 8), young trimetazidine (YT, n = 10), young l‑carnitine (YL, n = 10), aging control (AC, n = 8), aging trimetazidine (AT, n = 10), and aging l‑carnitine (AL, n = 10). All rats were intragastrically treated with saline, trimetazidine, or l‑carnitine for 4 weeks. Read More

Chem Biol Interact 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico. Electronic address:

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the cause of chronic liver disease. Even though NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, there is a proportion of patients who develop this condition in the absence of obesity and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated early events in the pathogenesis of non-obese NAFLD, analyzing the impact of the chronic intake of a moderate fat-enriched diet on hepatic lipid accumulation and their relationship with inflammation. Read More

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Disease Research Unit Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University, Highway Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background And Aim: Protein supplementation and resistance training (RT) are interventions that may counteract decline in muscle mass and increase in fat mass, thus reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases during the aging process. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein (WP) pre- or post-RT on metabolic and inflammatory profile in pre-conditioned older women.

Methods And Results: Seventy older women participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: WP pre-RT and placebo post-RT (WP-PLA, n = 24), placebo pre-RT and WP post-RT (PLA-WP, n = 23) and placebo pre and post-RT (PLA-PLA, n = 23). Read More

Metabolism 2019 Jan 9. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, 4212 N 16(th) Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016, United States of America.

Background And Objectives: Lower total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) are associated with greater weight gain in Native American adults. Whether these effects exist in childhood is unclear. We hypothesized that lower energy expenditure measured in childhood would predict greater relative change in body mass index (BMI) during adolescence. Read More

Cell Stem Cell 2018 Dec 23. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) target the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to reverse insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, but side effects limit their clinical use. Here, using human adipose stem cell-derived adipocytes, we demonstrate that SNPs were enriched at sites of patient-specific PPARγ binding, which correlated with the individual-specific effects of the TZD rosiglitazone (rosi) on gene expression. Rosi induction of ABCA1, which regulates cholesterol metabolism, was dependent upon SNP rs4743771, which modulated PPARγ binding by influencing the genomic occupancy of its cooperating factor, NFIA. Read More

Int J Cardiol 2018 Dec 21. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is an acute cardiac syndrome characterized by regional myocardial akinesia that is not caused by coronary artery occlusion. Exogenous as well as endogenous excess catecholamines can induce TS. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of pharmacological cardio-simulative and cardio-depressing drugs on the development of isoprenaline-induced takotsubo-like cardiac dysfunction, a rat model of TS. Read More

Benef Microbes 2019 Jan 14:1-8. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

3 Department of Pediatrics, Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25280 Erzurum, Turkey.

Malnutrition affects virtually all organ systems, and malnourished children are more prone to infections. These children have dysbiosis, but probiotics can restore the disrupted gut microbiome. We investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in malnourished children in terms of incidence of infection, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Read More

Adv Gerontol 2018 ;31(5):732-736

Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 3, pr. Dinamo, St. Petersburg 197110, Russian Federation; e-mail:

Metabolic disorders of L-kinurenin, which is an intermediate product of the breakdown of genetically encoded amino acid L-tryptophan, is one of the links in the development of a number of neuropathological processes. The influence of tryptophan and kynurenine on cell proliferation in organotypic tissue culture of the cerebral cortex in young and old rats was studied. Tryptophan in effective concentration (0,5 ng/ml) inhibited cellular proliferation of the cerebral cortex of young and old rats by 35 and 18%, respectively. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2019 Jan 14:e12820. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Center of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Lipedema is a painful disease of subcutaneous adipose tissue leading to bilateral increase of leg and/ or arm volume, but sparing hands and feet. Although conservative treatment with complex decongestive therapy has been considered as the fundamental treatment, micro-cannular liposuction in tumescent anesthesia has become a surgical option. We report on 111 patients mostly with advanced lipedema treated by this technique in our center between 2007 and 2018. Read More

BMB Rep 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, and Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.

Cellular senescence is a state of permanent cell cycle arrest which exhibits large and flattened morphological characteristics. Cellular senescence might evolve to a beneficial process to suppress the accumulation of severely damaged cells. However, senescent cells are considered as the cause of age-related pathologies and diseases. Read More

Neurol Res 2019 Jan 13:1-13. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

b Institute of Anatomy , University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany.

Introduction: Here, we investigated inflammatory signs of peripheral nerves in leptin-deficient obese ob/ob mice and the modulating effects of the exogenous iron load.

Methods: Ob/ob and ob/+ control mice were fed with high, standard, or low iron diet for four months.

Results: We found intraepidermal nerve fiber degeneration in foot skin and low-grade neuropathic abnormalities including mildly slowed motor and compound sensory nerve conduction velocities and low-grade macrophage and T-cell infiltration without overt neuropathology in sciatic nerves of all ob/ob mice. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2019 Jan;8(2):e011147

1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine Sapporo Japan.

Background Perivascular adipose tissue ( PVAT ) is causally associated with vascular function and the pathogenesis of vascular disease in association with metabolically driven chronic inflammation called metaflammation. However, the difference in PVAT surrounding the coronary artery ( CA - PVAT ) and that surrounding the internal thoracic artery (ITA-PVAT), a vessel resistant to atherosclerosis, remains unclear. Herein, we investigated whether CA - PVAT , ITA - PVAT , and subcutaneous adipose tissue ( SCAT ) have distinct phenotypes. Read More

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Burnet Institute, 104125, Disease Elimination Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common yet poorly understood vaginal condition that has become a major focus of HIV transmission and immunology research. Varied terminologies are used by clinicians and researchers to describe microbial communities that reside in the female reproductive tract, which is driven in part by microbial genetic and metabolic complexity, evolving diagnostic and molecular techniques, and multidisciplinary perspectives of clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, and immunologists who all appreciate the scientific importance of understanding mechanisms that underlie "BV". This Perspectives article aims to clarify the varied terms used to describe the cervicovaginal microbiota and its "non-optimal" state, under the overarching term of BV. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 Jan 13:e564. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Royal Free Campus, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Mutations in GBA cause Gaucher disease when biallelic and are strong risk factors for Parkinson's disease when heterozygous. GBA analysis is complicated by the nearby pseudogene. We aimed to design and validate a method for sequencing GBA using long reads. Read More

J Diabetes Investig 2019 Jan 13. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, HKSAR.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Aspirin is commonly used in the treatment and prevention of CVD, and the effectiveness of aspirin for the secondary prevention of CVD is well established in people with or without diabetes. In contrast, the role of aspirin in primary prevention is still controversial as the cardiovascular benefit of aspirin may not outweigh the risk of haemorrhage. Read More

J Inherit Metab Dis 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Section on Cellular Differentiation, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC) is a long-term complication of glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) which is caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Currently, there is no therapy to address HCA/HCC in GSD-Ia. We have previously shown that a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-mediated G6PC gene transfer to 2-week-old G6pc-/- mice prevents HCA development. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Jan 13. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in men and women in many countries. Early detection of CRC helps to prevent the advanced stages of the disease, and may thereby improve the survival of these patients. A noninvasive test with high specificity and sensitivity is required for this. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients undergoing for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 33 patients undergoing for CABG surgery, aged 40-85 years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either 200 μg/day selenium supplements as selenium yeast (n = 17) or placebo (n = 16) for 4 weeks. Read More

Metab Brain Dis 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.

D-glycerate 2 kinase (DGK) is an enzyme that mediates the conversion of D-glycerate, an intermediate metabolite of serine and fructose metabolism, to 2-phosphoglycerate. Deficiency of DGK leads to accumulation of D-glycerate in various tissues and its massive excretion in urine. D-glyceric aciduria (DGA) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the GLYCTK gene. Read More

Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019 Jan 14;21(2). Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Allergy Immunology Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The concept of cellular senescence has been evolving. Although originally proposed based on studies of serum-driven replication of cell lines in vitro, it is now clear that cellular senescence occurs in vivo. It has also become clear that cellular senescence can be triggered by a number of stimuli such as radiation, chemotherapy, activation of oncogenes, metabolic derangements, and chronic inflammation. Read More

J Mol Med (Berl) 2019 Jan 12. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, and BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are an endogenous sterile particulate that has been identified as a potent damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). In humans, the induction of IL-1β production through MSU-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes/macrophages is responsible for pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. It was recently reported that in a murine model of this disease, resveratrol decreases MSU-induced recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis. Read More