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Bone Rep 2020 Jun 4;12:100278. Epub 2020 May 4.

Grand Strand Medical Center, 809 82nd Pkwy, Myrtle Beach, SC 29572, United States.

Milk-alkali syndrome (MAS) is characterized by the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury. Once thought to be a rare condition, there has been a resurgence of cases due to the consumption of calcium-containing supplements for osteoporosis prevention and dyspepsia in the general population. We describe the case of a female who presented with acute encephalopathy, hypercalcemia, and new-onset seizure. Read More

Am J Med 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Divisions of Dietetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

BMJ Case Rep 2020 May 14;13(5). Epub 2020 May 14.

Critical Care, Queen Elizabeth Woolwich, London, UK.

A 26-year-old woman presented after an intentional ingestion of 20 g of caffeine. She suffered a profound respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia and sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. She was treated with intravenous intralipid and haemodialysis, and her arrhythmia was controlled using magnesium sulphate. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020 May 13;2020. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Endocrinology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia.

Summary: We report the case of a 65-year-old female who presented with symptomatic hypercalcaemia (corrected calcium of 4.57 mmol/L) with confusion, myalgias and abdominal discomfort. She had a concomitant metabolic alkalosis (pH 7. Read More

J Appl Lab Med 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK.

Cureus 2020 Apr 4;12(4):e7543. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Plastic Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, IRL.

We present a case of a 38-year-old male who sustained a laceration from a knife to the volar aspect of his left index and middle fingers. He had clinical injury to his flexor digitorum profundus tendons to both digits. He underwent operative exploration and repair of the tendons under general anaesthetic. Read More

J Physiol 2020 May 2. Epub 2020 May 2.

Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.

Key Points: The roles of the Na /HCO cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH , HCO , and NaCl are investigated. Dietary challenges of NH Cl, NaHCO , or NaCl all increase the abundance of NBCn1 and NBCn2 in the outer medulla. The three challenges generally produce parallel increases in the abundance of IRBIT and L-IRBIT in the outer medulla. Read More

Physiol Rev 2020 Jul;100(3):1119-1147

Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Intercalated cells (ICs) are found in the connecting tubule and the collecting duct. Of the three IC subtypes identified, type B intercalated cells are one of the best characterized and known to mediate Cl absorption and HCO secretion, largely through the anion exchanger pendrin. This exchanger is thought to act in tandem with the Na-dependent Cl/HCO exchanger, NDCBE, to mediate net NaCl absorption. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2020 May;37(5):573-577

Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.

Bartter syndrome is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis and high rennin-angiotensin-aldosteronism which can occur at all ages but mainly in childhood. Classical Bartter syndrome is caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding basolateral chloride channel ClC-Kb (CLCNKB), which is a common type of Bartter syndrome characterized with diverse clinical manifestations ranging from severe to very mild. This article reviews the function and mechanism of CLCNKB variants in Chinese population and the genotype-phenotype correlation of CLCNKB variants in classical Bartter syndrome. Read More

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2019 Nov-Dec;57(220):432-436

Department of Biochemistry, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal.

Introduction: Acid base disorder is a condition characterized by alteration in blood pH by the imbalance between the components of blood leading to a life threatening situation. The main aim of this study was to find the prevalence of acid-base disorders and biochemical findings of such disorders in patients in a tertairy care hospital.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1st September, 2018 to 31st August, 2019. Read More

Case Rep Nephrol 2020 9;2020:8364176. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Nephrology Unit, Medical Department, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction leading to acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods: We report a case of 23-year-old army personnel who presented with persistent vomiting leading to severe hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, and acute kidney injury resulting in cardiorespiratory arrest.

Results: After successful resuscitation, he was supported with haemodialysis and aggressive electrolytes correction. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 9;7(4):001375. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Chronic ingestion of liquorice induces a syndrome with findings similar to those for primary hyperaldosteronism. This is characterized by hypokalaemia, hypertension, metabolic alkalosis and suppression of the renin-aldosterone system. We describe a 30-year-old woman who, with a plasma potassium level of 1. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2020 Apr 16. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) leads to excessive vomiting and metabolic alkalosis, which may subsequently cause apnea. Although it is generally assumed that metabolic derangements should be corrected prior to surgery to prevent apnea, the exact incidence of perioperative apneas in infants with IHPS and the association with metabolic alkalosis are unknown. We performed this systematic review to assess the incidence of apnea in infants with IHPS and to verify the possible association between apnea and metabolic alkalosis. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2020 Apr;70(4):737-739

Department of Anaesthesiology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Bartter syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by reduced sodium chloride transport in the distal nephrons of the kidney. Its clinical features are renal salt wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone levels with normal or low blood pressure, polyuria, hypercalciuria and malnutrition. The pathophysiologic and biochemical changes in these patients should be kept in mind when considering anaesthetic management. Read More

Reumatismo 2020 Apr 10;72(1):67-70. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Unit of Rheumatology, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena.

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an inherited salt-wasting tubulopathy characterized by hypocalciuria, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis, due to inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene. Symptoms may be systemic, neurological, cardiovascular, ophthalmological or musculoskeletal. We describe a 70 year-old patient affected by recurrent arthralgias, hypoesthesia and hyposthenia in all 4 limbs and severe hypokalemia, complicated by atrial flutter. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 17;11:327. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Type III and IV Bartter syndromes (BS) are rare kidney tubulopathies caused by loss-of-function mutations in the and genes coding respectively for the ClC-Kb chloride channels and accessory subunit barttin. ClC-K channels are expressed in the Henle's loop, distal convoluted tubule, and cortical collecting ducts of the kidney and contribute to chloride absorption and urine concentration. In our Italian cohort, we identified two new mutations in , G167V and G289R, in children affected by BS and previously reported genetic variants, A242E, a chimeric gene and the deletion of the whole . Read More

J Emerg Med 2020 Mar 30. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, Arkansas.

Background: Acetazolamide has been studied extensively in post-hypercapnic alkalosis as a tool to facilitate ventilator weaning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It has also been utilized to facilitate respiratory drive in nonmechanically ventilated patients with COPD. Although this is generally a forgiving intervention, providers must carefully select patients for this medication, as it can cause severe acidosis and deterioration of clinical status in severe COPD cases. Read More

Turk Pediatri Ars 2020 9;55(1):76-78. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Child Health and Diseases, Karabük University Faculty of Medicine, Karabük, Turkey.

Congenital chloride diarrhea is a rare cause of severe infantile diarrhea with excessive chloride excretion. Mutations in the SLC26A3 gene cause congenital chloride diarrhea. It generally becomes apparent in the neonatal period and is characterized by electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis, and failure to thrive. Read More

QJM 2020 Mar 28. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

Background: Potassium (K+) is essential for cells functions and alterations of the normal plasmatic levels can be life-threatening. The kidney is crucial in maintaining K+ homeostasis, mainly by regulating its secretion in the urine. Hypokalemia is influenced by acid-base status and can be associated to both metabolic alkalosis or acidosis. Read More

Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020 May;58(5):261-267

Objective: Respiratory alkalosis (RA) and dilutional hyperchloremic acidosis (DHA) are the most common acid-base balance (ABB) disorders in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aims of this study were to clarify whether RA develops in relation to DHA via respiratory compensation of metabolic acidosis and whether spironolactone in combination with low-dose furosemide - diuretics known to ameliorate DHA - positively affects RA in liver cirrhosis patients.

Materials And Methods: 59 patients with advanced cirrhosis were divided into two groups. Read More

J Physiol 2020 Mar 20. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Key Points: Carbon dioxide levels are mildly elevated on the International Space Station and it is unknown whether this chronic exposure causes physiological changes to astronauts. We combined ∼4 mmHg ambient with the strict head-down tilt bed rest model of spaceflight and this led to the development of optic disc oedema in one-half of the subjects. We demonstrate no change in arterialized , cerebrovascular reactivity to CO or the hypercapnic ventilatory response. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2020 Mar 17. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Identification of a monogenic etiology is possible in a proportion of patients with childhood-onset nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Bartter syndrome (BS), a hereditary tubulopathy characterized by polyuria, hypokalemic alkalosis and growth retardation that rarely presents with isolated nephrocalcinosis. Patients with defect in renal outer medullary potassium channel, encoded by the KCNJ1 gene causing BS type 2, typically present during the neonatal period. Read More

J Biol Chem 2020 May 17;295(18):5970-5983. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany

Barttin is the accessory subunit of the human ClC-K chloride channels, which are expressed in both the kidney and inner ear. Barttin promotes trafficking of the complex it forms with ClC-K to the plasma membrane and is involved in activating this channel. Barttin undergoes post-translational palmitoylation that is essential for its functions, but the enzyme(s) catalyzing this post-translational modification is unknown. Read More

Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020 Mar 16:e13467. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Aim: To study brain-sparing physiological responses in a rodent model of birth asphyxia which reproduces the asphyxia-defining systemic hypoxia and hypercapnia.

Methods: Steady or intermittent asphyxia was induced for 15-45 minutes in anaesthetized 6- and 11-days old rats and neonatal guinea pigs using gases containing 5% or 9% O plus 20% CO (in N ). Hypoxia and hypercapnia were induced with low O and high CO respectively. Read More

Gene 2020 May 9;741:144547. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Univ Montpellier, MARBEC (CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UM), Montpellier, France. Electronic address:

Acclimation to low salinities is a vital physiological challenge for euryhaline fish as the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. This species undertakes seasonal migrations towards lagoons and estuaries where a wide range of salinity variations occur along the year. We have previously reported intraspecific differences in freshwater tolerance, with an average 30% mortality rate. Read More

Iran J Kidney Dis 2020 01;14(1):65-67

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Bartter's syndrome is a rare disorder usually presenting antenatal or in childhood and is characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperaldosteronism and normal blood pressure. We report a case of adult-onset Bartter's syndrome in a 38 year old male who presented with lower limb weakness. Read More

Front Genet 2020 21;11:81. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Objective: Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding basolateral chloride channel ClC-Kb (), and is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism. Here, we investigated the molecular defects in four Chinese children with clinical manifestations of Bartter syndrome.

Methods: The genomic DNA of the four patients was screened for gene variations using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2020 Jun 9;24(6):541-546. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Pharmacy, The University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Objectives: We sought to test the strength of correlation between predicted and observed systemic acid-base status based on the Stewart model equations during continuous infusion (CI) furosemide therapy.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a prospective, single-center, observational study conducted in the Surgical ICU of a large academic medical center. Ten critically ill patients who received CI furosemide were included. Read More

Ren Fail 2020 Nov;42(1):234-243

Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

This study aims to delineate the incidence of electrolyte and acid-base disorders (EAD) in cancer patients, to figure out the risk factors of EAD, then to assess the impact of EAD on patients' in-hospital clinical outcomes. Patients with the diagnosis of malignancies hospitalized during 1 October 2014 and 30 September 2015 were recruited in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University in Shanghai of China. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and clinical data, including survival, length of stay and hospital cost, were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar 4;34(2):857-866. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.

Background: The strong ion model (SIM) is an alternative paradigm in the characterization of acid-base disturbances particularly in complex disorders.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare the acid-base changes in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PE) using the Henderson-Hasselbalch (HH) approach, with 2 strong ion approaches.

Animals: Forty-four dogs with PE, and 16 age-matched control dogs. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2020 Jan-Feb;31(1):259-262

Department of Nephrology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Chronic hypokalemia is the main finding in patients with Gitelman's syndrome (GS). GS, a variant of Bartter's syndrome, is an autosomal recessive renal disorder characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypocalciuria. GS is caused by inactivating mutations in the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter gene. Read More

Blood Purif 2020 Mar 3:1-9. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Adult Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland,

Introduction: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is the recommended anticoagulation modality for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). RCA was associated with a low rate of complications in randomized controlled trials. However, little is known about the type and rate of complications in real life. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2020 Mar 2. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.

Pediatr Nephrol 2020 Mar 2. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.

Am J Nephrol 2020 18;51(3):182-191. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,

Background: We have previously investigated the fate of administered bicarbonate infused as a hypertonic solution in animals with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Those studies did not address the fate of sodium, the coadministered cation.

Methods: We examined baseline total body water (TBW), Na+ space, HCO3- space, and urinary sodium and bicarbonate excretion after acute hypertonic NaHCO3 infusion (1-N solution, 5 mmol/kg body weight) in dogs with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2020 Feb;37(2):205-208

Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.

With an estimated incidence of 1/40 000 to 1/4000, Gitelman syndrome is the most common type of inherited renal tubular disease during adolescence or adulthood. Characteristic features of Gitelman syndrome include transient episodes of muscle cramps and fatigue, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. Detection of SLC12A3 mutations, in conjunct with clinical manifestations, may confirm the diagnosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Feb 5;13(2). Epub 2020 Feb 5.

Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is commonly associated with elevation of serum creatinine level or a reduction of urine output. Uncommonly, tubulopathy associated with colistin has been reported. Here we present a unique case of a 46-year-old man who developed polyuria, hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis after 3 days of therapy with intravenous colistimethate sodium. Read More

J Exp Biol 2020 Mar 12;223(Pt 5). Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada

The H-ATPase-rich (HR) cells of zebrafish larvae are a sub-type of ion-transporting cell located on the yolk sac epithelium that are responsible for Na uptake and H extrusion. Current models of HR cell ion transport mechanisms in zebrafish larvae are well established, but little is known about the involvement of the various ion transport pathways in regulating intracellular acid-base status. Here, a ratiometric imaging technique was developed and validated to monitor intracellular pH (pHi) continuously in larval zebrafish HR cells Gene knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approaches were used to evaluate the roles of the two principal apical membrane acid excretory pathways, the Na/H exchanger (NHE3b; ) and the H-ATPase (). Read More

Cureus 2019 Dec 28;11(12):e6488. Epub 2019 Dec 28.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.

Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) of the breast is a very rare tumor. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production from these tumors is extremely rare and seldom reported resulting in significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and delays. We present a case of a 38-year-old female who presented with a breast lump and was diagnosed with primary EPSCC of the breast. Read More

J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019 14;9(6):477-479. Epub 2019 Dec 14.

Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Unit, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.

: Potassium (K+) homeostasis is closely related to acid - base disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze the possible causes of hypokalemia non-surgical critically ill patients including acid - base disorders and its relationship with response to K+ supplementation. : We performed a retrospective cohort study of 122 consecutive non-surgical patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit during July 2016 Patients were classified according to the presence of hypokalemia or not. Read More

J Pediatr Genet 2020 Mar 2;9(1):44-47. Epub 2019 Sep 2.

Pediatric Gastrohepatology Unit, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Metabolic alkalosis is uncommon in infancy. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can develop dehydration because of sweat salt or gastrointestinal losses; with the correct salt supplementation, the electrolyte alterations can be reversed. Here, we present a CF patient with recurrent metabolic alkalosis, initially oriented as pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. Read More

Med Intensiva 2020 Jan 20. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Cátedra de Medicina Intensiva, Centro de Tratamiento Intensivo, Hospital de Clínicas Dr. Manuel Quintela, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the infusion of sodium lactate 500ml upon different biochemical variables and intracranial pressure in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Design: A prospective experimental single cohort study was carried out.

Scope: Polyvalent intensive care unit of a university hospital. Read More

Am J Nephrol 2020 22;51(2):160-167. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan,

Background: Patients with permanent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, a complication of total thyroidectomy, often require high calcium supplementation with vitamin D to maintain serum calcium levels. The epidemiology of calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) in patients with hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of hypercalcemia, renal impairment, metabolic alkalosis, and CAS in patients treated for presumed hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Read More

Eur J Pediatr Surg 2020 Jan 20. Epub 2020 Jan 20.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam & Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Introduction:  Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common gastrointestinal condition that can lead to metabolic alkalosis and, if uncorrected, to respiratory complications. A standardized approach to correct metabolic derangements and dehydration may reduce time until pyloromyotomy while preventing potential respiratory complications. Such an evidence-based policy regarding preoperative care is absent. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2020 May 18;9(2):162-164. Epub 2020 Jan 18.

Department of Nephrology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.

A 53-year-old man on hemodialysis suffered from short bowel syndrome after subtotal colectomy and partial resection of the small intestine. Laboratory tests showed multiple electrolyte disorders and enlarged sodium and chloride ion (Cl) gaps despite treatment with large volume of sodium chloride replacement via central venous infusion. Blood gas analysis showed slightly high bicarbonate ion levels and metabolic alkalosis was suspected, which is uncommon in end stage kidney disease. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2020 May 13;39(5):642-652. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.

The objective was to describe the prevalence of derangement of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO) and to determine the association between PaCO and adverse cardiovascular events (ACVEs) in carbon monoxide (CO)-poisoned patients. Additionally, we evaluated whether the derangement of PaCO was simply secondary to metabolic changes. This retrospective study included 194 self-breathing patients after CO poisoning with an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy and available arterial blood gas analysis at presentation and 6 h later. Read More

Open Access Emerg Med 2019 23;11:305-312. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.

Objective: Blood gas analysis plays an important role in both diagnosis and subsequent treatment of critically ill patients in the emergency department and the ICU. Historically, arterial blood is predominantly used for blood gas analysis. The puncture is painful and complications may occur. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2019 ;61(3):444-448

Departments of Pediatric Nephrology, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.

Atmış B, Kışla-Ekinci RM, Melek E, Bişgin A, Yılmaz M, Anarat A, Karabay-Bayazıt A. Concomitance of Familial Mediterranean Fever and Gitelman syndrome in an adolescent. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 444-448. Read More

Curr Hypertens Rep 2020 Jan 8;22(1). Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20/24, 40-027, Katowice, Poland.

Purpose Of Review: To review latest reports of the food products which might increase blood pressure and therefore might participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Recent Findings: Results of clinical study suggest that consumption of high-sodium food leads to transient increase in plasma sodium concentration. This is accompanied by blood pressure increase. Read More