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J Card Surg 2022 Jul 1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Heart Institute University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) has been applied to attenuate tissue injury. We tested the hypothesis that rIPC applied to fetal lambs undergoing cardiac bypass (CB) reduces fetal systemic inflammation and placental dysfunction.

Methods: Eighteen fetal lambs were divided into three groups: sham, CB control, and CB rIPC. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 14;9:918812. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Background: Despite significant progress in treating methanol poisoning, the lack of training, hazard communication, and occupational safety protection education contributes to the risk of occupational exposure and methanol toxicity. In addition, early diagnosis and timely medical care are essential to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality, yet it remains a challenging procedure.

Case Report: A 35-year-old man working in a fireworks factory came to our emergency department with acute mental change and progressive disturbance of consciousness. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 28;14(5):e25434. Epub 2022 May 28.

Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND.

Aims and objective This study describes postmortem and histopathological findings to understand the internal progression of methanol poisoning. The study also aims to examine clinical, biochemical, and histological changes seen with methanol poisoning. Materials and methods The study describes the methanol poisoning tragedy that occurred in February 2019 in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand. Read More

J Dairy Sci 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address:

The measurement of pH in the reticulorumen in combination with a time-pH threshold has been widely applied in research to diagnose subacute ruminal acidosis. However, other pH metrics also have biological value. In this study, 44 animals were monitored during the transition period using reticuloruminal pH boluses. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.

As one of the key injury incidents, tissue acidosis in the brain occurs very quickly within several minutes upon the onset of ischemic stroke. Glutamate, an excitatory amino acid inducing neuronal excitotoxicity, has been reported to trigger the decrease in neuronal intracellular pH (pHi) via modulating proton-related membrane transporters. However, there remains a lack of clarity on the possible role of glutamate in neuronal acidosis via regulating metabolism. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2022 Aug;24(4):1-9

Objective: Pathogenic mutations in refractory childhood epilepsy are being increasingly discovered. In this study, we analysed the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel as treatment for genetically-related refractory childhood epilepsy.

Methods: This prospective study, conducted in China, included 50 patients with refractory epilepsy of genetic aetiology, who were treated with adjunctive perampanel therapy. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 27;14(5):e25410. Epub 2022 May 27.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, USA.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the most serious and acute complication of type 1 diabetes, has an incidence of 6%-8% among known pediatric type 1 diabetes patients, although risk factors associated with severe DKA in the pediatric population are poorly understood [1].

Method: A single-institution, retrospective chart analysis of pediatric DKA patients admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was conducted in South Alabama between October 2017 and April 2021. Laboratory findings were obtained from venous samples collected from the patients on admission. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 27;14(5):e25420. Epub 2022 May 27.

Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder typically presenting as dry mouth and eyes (sicca syndrome). However, the disease can involve any organ, complicating diagnosis. Renal involvement may manifest as distal renal tubular acidosis, leading to hypokalemia. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2022 13;9:928235. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait.

Algae are innovative and significant nutrient sources with various health benefits when used as additives in animal feed. The study aims to examine the effect of different inclusions of three algae species, sp., sp. Read More

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jul;60(7):700-705

Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between genotypes and clinical phenotypes of primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in children. Clinical information, genetic testing information and follow-up data (until March 2021) of children with dRTA from Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (from January 2010 to December 2020) were analyzed retrospectively. According to different pathogenic genes, patients were divided into SLC4A1 gene and ATP6V0A4+ATP6V1B1 gene groups. Read More

Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022 Jun 29. Epub 2022 Jun 29.

Department of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: The mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder, commonly caused by m.3243A > G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene. It encodes for the mitochondrial leucine transfer RNA (tRNA Leu(UUR)), implicated in the translation of proteins involved in the assembly and function of mitochondrial complexes in the electron transport chain. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022 Jun 28:e2010. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Background: Succinate-CoA ligase/synthetase (SCS) deficiency is responsible for encephalomyopathy with mitochondrial DNA depletion and mild methylmalonic aciduria. Variants in SUCLG1, the nuclear gene encoding the alpha subunit of the SCS enzyme playing a pivotal role in maintaining mtDNA integrity and stability, are associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9 (MTDPS9).

Methods: In this study, we reported an infant with clinical features of MTDPS9 from China. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Jun 28;16(1):252. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Department of Oncology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: Tumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency that involves multiple metabolic abnormalities and clinical symptoms such as acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and multiorgan failure, and may be fatal if not promptly recognized. Tumor lysis syndrome occurs most often in patients with hematologic malignancies, and relatively few cases have been described in patients with sarcoma.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old male of Asian heritage presented to his primary care physician with a right lower-extremity mass and was ultimately diagnosed with widely metastatic osteosarcoma. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022 ;122(6):152-158

Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Clinical case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy manifested with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes was presented. The patient diagnosis was performed in childhood, based on clinical manifestation, and was confirmed with molecular genetic test (mutation m.3243A>G in gene was revealed). Read More

Data Brief 2022 Aug 6;43:108357. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

The anion gap is a calculated parameter derived from the difference between the major plasma cations and anions in serum/plasma or whole blood, with a widely used simple equation utilizing concentrations of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. While there is extensive literature on the clinical significance and causes of elevated anion gaps, there is comparatively less data on low anion gaps. Occasionally, anion gap calculations result in a negative number (-1 or less). Read More

Clin Kidney J 2022 Jul 4;15(7):1379-1386. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Background: The risk of adverse geriatric outcomes such as falls and fractures is high among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Metabolic acidosis is associated with protein catabolism and bone loss in experimental animal and human studies. We sought to quantify the independent association of metabolic acidosis with adverse muscle, bone and functional outcomes in a large US community-based cohort. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2022 27;35(4):460-465. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.

Ethylene glycol is a sweet-tasting toxic alcohol contained in a variety of chemical preparations. In patients poisoned with ethylene glycol, diagnosis is often based upon clinical suspicion and nonspecific tests. Hypocalcemia is often present due to calcium oxalate crystals formed by oxalic acid metabolite complexation. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2022 10;9:897714. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to understand the pathogenesis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and identify potential genes related to the disease. Microarray data from dataset GSE143765, which included 22 cows with and nine cows without SARA, were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results of WGCNA identified highly correlated modules of sample genes, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses allowed further biological insights into SARA-related modules. Read More

Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Anestesiología, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare medical emergency associated with the use of antipsychotics and other antidopaminergic drugs. There is no specific test, and diagnosis is based on high clinical suspicion and good differential diagnosis. A clinical picture consistent with hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, altered level of consciousness, together with signs of rhabdomyolysis in analytical studies and a history of taking neuroleptic drugs are the key elements in the detection of this entity. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Division of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy Specialist-Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

An understanding of acid-base physiology is necessary for clinicians to recognize and correct problems that may negatively affect provision of nutrition support and drug therapy. An overview of acid-base physiology, the different acid-base disorders encountered in practice, a stepwise approach to evaluate arterial blood gases, and other key diagnostic tools helpful in formulating a safe and effective medical and nutrition plan are covered in this acid-base primer. Case scenarios are also provided for the application of principles and the development of clinical skills. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2022 Jun 25;22(1):248. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

HUH Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, (Haartmaninkatu 4), P.O. Box 372, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Chronic respiratory failure (CRF) can be treated at home with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and/or long-term oxygen (LTOT). The prevalence of these treatments is largely unknown. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and indications of the treatments, and the three-year mortality of the treated patients in the Helsinki University Hospital (HUH) area in Finland. Read More

J Int Med Res 2022 Jun;50(6):3000605221102081

Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a rare subtype of liposarcoma with a poor prognosis. This current case report describes a rectal DDLPS in a 68-year-old Chinese male that presented with lower abdominal pain and weight loss. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were undertaken to evaluate the tumour. Read More

Pediatr Res 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Child Neurology & Metabolism, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Air Med J 2022 Jul-Aug;41(4):370-375. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of General Surgery, Novant Health New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC.

Objective: Point-of-care laboratory testing (POCT) is associated with a reduced time to testing results and critical decision making within emergency departments. POCT is an essential clinical assessment tool because laboratory data are used to support timely critical decisions regarding acute medical conditions onditions ; however, there is currently limited research to support the use of POCT in the critical care transport environment. Few studies have evaluated the changes in patient care that occur after POCT during critical care transport. Read More

Mitochondrion 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Cairo University Children Hospital , Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Division, Cairo , Egypt.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of rare autosomal recessive genetic disorders characterized by a decrease in the number of mtDNA copies inside the organ involved. There are three distinct forms of MDS including the hepatocerebral, the myopathic and the encephalomyopathic forms. The diversity in the clinical and genetic spectrum of these disorders makes the diagnosis challenging. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.

We report on an 80-year-old man diagnosed with Fanconi syndrome induced by mizoribine after 4 weeks of administration to treat membranous nephropathy. Mizoribine is an oral immunosuppressant that inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and is widely used in Japan for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and nephrotic syndrome, as well as after renal transplantation. Acquired Fanconi syndrome is often caused by drugs (antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and anticonvulsant drugs) and is sometimes caused by autoimmune diseases, monoclonal light chain-associated diseases, or heavy metal poisoning. Read More

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal. Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Objective: To investigate the performance of severe smallness (estimated fetal weight [EFW] <3rd percentile) among suspected small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods: A systematic search was launched to identify relevant studies held by the most relevant electronic databases. Random-effects modelling served to generate hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curves (HSROCs). Read More

Transfusion 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Denver Health Medical Center, Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Background: Trauma-induced hypocalcemia is an underappreciated complication of severe injury but is well known to result in the derangement of an array of physiological regulatory mechanisms. Existing literature provides a compelling link between hypocalcemia and worse trauma-induced coagulopathy and increased mortality after injury.

Study Design And Methods: This narrative review evaluates available data related to the risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment of hypocalcemia after severe injury. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2022 Jul 25;24(1):466. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA and is one of the most common syndromes among the mitochondrial diseases. Clinical manifestations typically occur before the age of 40 years. The present study reports a case of MELAS with a mutation in the adenine to guanine conversion at mitochondrial genome 3243 in a 48-year-old woman who was suspected of suffering from recurrent strokes. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 20;14(5):e25163. Epub 2022 May 20.

Internal Medicine, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, PRT.

Background Hyperlactatemia is defined by a lactate concentration of >2 mmol/L, and a lactate concentration of above >4 mmol/L is commonly used to define severe hyperlactatemia. It is a common disorder in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse prognosis. Diabetes mellitus(DM) can also be associated with increased lactate levels at baseline. Read More