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Dermatol Ther 2020 May 23:e13675. Epub 2020 May 23.

Dermatology Department, University Hospital of Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive non-melanoma skin cancer with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment of choice for primary and locoregional MCC is complete surgical removal with sentinel lymphonodectomy and post-surgical radiotherapy of tumor basin and locoregional lymph nodes. In non-resectable and advanced tumors, drug therapy is indicated. Read More

BioDrugs 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Skin cancers remain the most common group of cancers globally, and the incidence continues to rise. Although localized skin cancers tend to have excellent outcomes following surgical excisions, the less common cases that become surgically unresectable or metastatic have been associated with poor prognosis and suboptimal treatment responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Development of monoclonal antibodies to programmed cell death-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) have transformed the management of metastatic melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Read More

Am J Clin Pathol 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

Objectives: The possibility of a so-called primary lymph node neuroendocrine carcinoma has been described in the literature. Here we evaluate cases fitting such a diagnosis and find that the cases demonstrate a convincing and pervasive pattern consistent with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma.

Methods: Six cases of primary lymph node Merkel cell carcinoma and one case of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma at a bony site, all with unknown primary, were sequenced using a combination of whole-exome and targeted panel methods. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2020 May;8(1)

Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020 May 19;18(1):145. Epub 2020 May 19.

Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

Objectives: For valid and reliable assessment of patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), it is crucial to use psychometrically robust instruments. In the context of rare diseases such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), validated disease-specific instruments are often not available. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Melanoma (FACT-M) was originally developed for use in melanoma. Read More

Oncogenesis 2020 May 19;9(5):53. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T (sT) is the main oncoprotein in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) development. A unique domain of sT, LT stabilization domain (LSD), has been reported to bind and inactivate multiple SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) E3 ligases. These interactions impede the turnover of MCV large T (LT) antigen and cellular oncoproteins such as c-Myc and cyclin E, thereby promoting viral replication and cell transformation. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address:

Background: Studies have observed that women have better outcomes than men in melanoma, but less is known about the influence of sex differences on outcomes for other aggressive cutaneous malignancies.

Objective: To investigate whether women and men have disparate outcomes in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).

Methods: Patients with nonmetastatic MCC undergoing surgery and lymph node evaluation were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2020 May;8(1)

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer associated with a high risk of metastasis. In 2017, avelumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) became the first approved treatment for patients with metastatic MCC (mMCC), based on the occurrence of durable responses in a subset of patients. Here, we report long-term efficacy and safety data and exploratory biomarker analyses in patients with mMCC treated with avelumab. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 May 13;12(5). Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous carcinoma that has gained enormous interest since the discovery of Merkel cell polyoma virus, which is a causative oncogenic agent in the majority of MCC tumours. Increased research has focused on effective treatment options with immuno-oncology. In this study, we reviewed the real-world data on different treatments given to MCC patients in Finland in 1986-2016. Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy with a propensity for regional and distant spread. Because of the relative infrequency of this disease, the patterns of metastasis in MCC are understudied.

Methods: Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th edition) stage I-IV MCC treated at our institution were identified (1/1/2008-2/28/2018). Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Dermatopathology, Bodensee, Friedrichshafen, Germany.

Background: Metabolic reprogramming and altered gene expression mediated by hypoxia inducible-factors play crucial roles during tumour growth and progression. Nevertheless, studies analysing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, and its downstream targets in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are lacking but are warranted to shed more light on MCC pathogenesis and to potentially provide new therapeutic options.

Objectives: To analyse the immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (referred to as VEGF throughout the manuscript), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in primary cutaneous MCC. Read More

Hautarzt 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Dortmund, Beurhausstr. 40, 44137, Dortmund, Deutschland.

We report the case of an 85-year-old chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with a local metastatic MCVPyV-negative Merkel cell carcinoma at initial diagnosis. Therapy comprised surgical excision and radiotherapy but without lymphadenectomy. Six months after the primary diagnosis, liver metastases were detected. Read More

Wien Med Wochenschr 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Onkoderma, Policlinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Background: Melanomas of the glans penis, prepuce, and the corpus of the penis account for less than 1% of all melanoma cases. Due to this rarity, there is currently no standard treatment approach.

Case Description: We present the case of a 59-year-old patient with tumorous formations in the prepuce area. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2020 May 7;112. Epub 2020 May 7.

Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer.

Only 2-3.9% of pancreatic malignancies represent metastases from other sites, the most common origins being the lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Differentiating between primary and secondary lesions may be challenging with imaging techniques but EUS-guided FNA is a safe, accurate procedure for obtaining a tissue diagnosis. Read More

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2020 May 5. Epub 2020 May 5.

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Background: Immunosuppressed (IS) patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have worse outcomes compared to immunocompetent (IC) patients, and it is unclear if adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is beneficial for these patients. We sought to determine the effect of immune status on adjuvant RT efficacy regarding overall survival (OS) for patients with localized MCC.

Methods: This was an observational study of National Cancer Database (NCDB) identifying patients with stage I/II or III MCC with known immune status diagnosed from 2010 to 2014. Read More

Oncologist 2020 May 5. Epub 2020 May 5.

Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Purpose: Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) is being developed as a predictive biomarker for DLL3-targeting antibody-drug conjugate and other therapies. Given the neuroendocrine features of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), we sought to evaluate DLL3 expression and its role in MCC.

Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded MCC cases were consecutively selected. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Disease, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:

Kidney transplantation improves quality of life, prolongs survival, and is cost-effective, but bears some serious complications including malignancy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malignancy in dialyzed patients on the waiting list and in kidney allograft recipients. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 prevalent patients on the waiting list and 300 kidney allograft recipients. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Apr 28;8(2). Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Clinical and molecular oncology, University of Rome "Sapienza", 00185 Rome, Italy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized treatment and outcome of melanoma and many other solid malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Unfortunately, only a minority of patients have a long-term benefit, while the remaining demonstrate primary or acquired resistance. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the prevalence of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) varies based on the anatomical site of metastases. Read More

Front Oncol 2020 15;10:529. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasm of the skin. Due to its rarity, the management of MCC is not standardized across centers. In this article, we present the experience of the Veneto region in the North-East of Italy, where a committee of skin cancer experts has proposed a clinical pathway for the diagnosis and treatment of MCC. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Oligometastatic disease is a hypothesized intermediate stage of disease between localized and widespread metastatic cancer. Localized treatment of oligometastatic lesions may offer survival advantages in addition to systemic treatment. In this case report, we describe a patient who presented with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma "Merkel type" (SNECM) of the parotid gland which had metastasized to the brain and adrenal gland. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Apr 24;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a deadly skin cancer, and about 80% of its cases have been shown to harbor integrated Merkel polyomavirus in the tumor cell genome. Viral oncoproteins expressed in the tumor cells are considered as the oncogenic factors of these virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma (VP-MCC). In contrast, the molecular pathogenesis of virus-negative MCC (VN-MCC) is less well understood. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2020 Apr 23:JCO2000201. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA.

Purpose: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer commonly driven by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunosuppressive pathway is often upregulated in MCC, and advanced metastatic MCC frequently responds to PD-1 blockade. We report what we believe to be the first trial of anti-PD-1 in the neoadjuvant setting for resectable MCC. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2020 Apr 22. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive, high-grade, cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour (NET). PD-1/PD-L1 blocking agents have efficacy in metastatic MCC (mMCC), but half of patients do not derive durable benefit. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are commonly used to treat low- and moderate-grade NETs that express somatostatin receptors (SSTR). Read More

Future Oncol 2020 Jun 21;16(16):1101-1113. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.

To describe the factors affecting distant metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and the prognosis of metastatic MCC. The MCC patient information was downloaded from the SEER database. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to screen for significant factors. Read More

Virol J 2020 Apr 19;17(1):54. Epub 2020 Apr 19.

Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a human polyomavirus that establishes a life-long harmless infection in most individuals, with dermal fibroblasts believed to be the natural host cell. However, this virus is the major cause of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer. Several MCPyV variants with polymorphism in their promoter region have been isolated, but it is not known whether these differences affect the biological properties of the virus. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Translational and Molecular Pathology. Electronic address:

The integrity of the immune system represents a pivotal risk factor and prognostic biomarker for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Higher density of tumor-associated T cells correlates with improved MCC-specific survival, but the prognostic importance of the T cell infiltrate reactivity is unknown. We evaluated the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire associated with 72 primary MCCs and correlated metrics of the TCR repertoire with clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcomes. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr 17. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Pathology, Université de Tours, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170, Chambray-les-tours, France.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin with a 5-year overall survival estimated at 40% . In 2008, Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) integration was identified as the primary oncogenic event of about 80% of MCC cases. Under microscopic examination, MCC appears as a proliferation of basaloid tumor cells invading the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. Read More

J Surg Oncol 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy often requiring multidisciplinary management. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high-volume facilities have improved outcomes in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma relative to lower-volume facilities.

Methods: A total of 5304 patients from the National Cancer Database with stage I-III Merkel cell carcinoma undergoing surgery were analyzed. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Apr 13;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France.

Melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are two aggressive skin malignancies with high disease-related mortality and increasing incidence rates. Currently, invasive tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard for their diagnosis, and no reliable easily accessible biomarker is available to monitor patients with melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma during the disease course. In these last years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a candidate approach to overcome this limit and to identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response prediction, and patient follow-up. Read More

Breast J 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.

Acta Oncol 2020 Apr 14:1-4. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.

Ther Adv Urol 2020 Jan-Dec;12:1756287220913386. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Division of Urology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Background: Inguinal lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard for the treatment of inguinal lymph node metastases from penile carcinoma, melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This procedure is associated with significant complications. In order to reduce morbidity, minimally invasive approaches have been described. Read More

Nat Cell Biol 2020 May 13;22(5):603-615. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Program in Virology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)-a neuroendocrine cancer of the skin-is caused by the integration of Merkel cell polyomavirus and persistent expression of large T antigen and small T antigen. We report that small T antigen in complex with MYCL and the EP400 complex activates the expression of LSD1 (KDM1A), RCOR2 and INSM1 to repress gene expression by the lineage transcription factor ATOH1. LSD1 inhibition reduces the growth of MCC in vitro and in vivo. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Apr 9;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer with frequent viral etiology. Indeed, in about 80% of cases, there is an association with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV); the expression of viral T antigens is crucial for growth of virus-positive tumor cells. Since artesunate-a drug used to treat malaria-has been reported to possess additional anti-tumor as well as anti-viral activity, we sought to evaluate pre-clinically the effect of artesunate on MCC. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

UMR INRA ISP 1282, team"Biologie des infections à polyomavirus", Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques 31, avenue Monge 37200 Tours, France; Dermatology Department, Université Francois Rabelais, CHU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170, Chambray-les-tours, France.

Oncologist 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Office of Oncologic Diseases, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

On December 19, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA, Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ) for adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2020 Apr;8(1)

Medical Affairs, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany.

Background: Avelumab, a human anti-programmed death-ligand 1 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, showed favorable efficacy and safety in patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) in the phase II JAVELIN Merkel 200 trial, leading to approval in multiple countries. We describe real-world experience with avelumab in patients with mMCC from an expanded access program.

Methods: Eligible patients had mMCC and progressive disease during or after chemotherapy or were ineligible for chemotherapy or clinical trial participation. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Apr 6;12(4). Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.

(1) Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus and UV radiation. Understanding of the underlying biology is limited, but identification of prognostic markers may lead to better prognostic stratification for the patients. (2) Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with MCC (1996-2012) were included. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Apr 3. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive primary cutaneous neuroendocrine cancer which almost always exhibits the cytokeratin (CK)20+/thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1- immunophenotype. MCC may occur concurrently with squamous cell carcinoma, Bowen disease, and/or basal cell carcinoma (BCC), with some evidence that MCCs which occur in conjunction with other neoplasms exhibit different immunophenotypes compared to pure MCC cases. We present a case of CK20-/TTF-1+ MCC concurrent with Bowen disease and BCC, and discuss possible differences in the pathogenesis of pure vs combined MCC. Read More

Clin Transl Oncol 2020 Apr 2. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville Hospital, 529 S. Jackson St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.

Purpose: Immunosuppressed (IS) patients are at increased risk for developing Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) with worsened outcomes compared to immunocompetent (IC) patients. We sought to determine the effects of immune status on the efficacy of adjuvant RT regarding OS for patients with stage I, II or III (localized) MCC of the head and neck.

Methods/patients: The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with resected, localized MCC of the head and neck with known immune status. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Mar 30;12(4). Epub 2020 Mar 30.

NET Team Bologna ENETS Center of Excellence, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare entities consisting of a heterogeneous group of tumors that can originate from neuroendocrine cells present in the whole body. Their different behavior, metastatic potential, and prognosis are highly variable, depending on site of origin, grade of differentiation, and proliferative index. The aim of our work is to summarize the current knowledge of immunotherapy in different neuroendocrine neoplasms and its implication in clinical practice. Read More

Hum Pathol 2020 Mar 28. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Departments of Pathology, University Hospital of Tours and Bordeaux, CARADERM Network, France.

Neurocirugia (Astur) 2020 Mar 28. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare epidermal malignant tumor arised from neuroendocrine epidermal cells, called Merkel cells. Prognosis is poor when tumor spreads to distant locations. Among metastases sites, spinal is not frequent at all and its management remains controversial. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020 Mar 31:194599820913622. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Objective: To evaluate the management and recurrence outcomes of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma (HN-MCC) at a single institution.

Study Design: A retrospective review of outcomes in patients with HN-MCC.

Setting: A tertiary center from May 1990 to December 2018. Read More

Mol Carcinog 2020 Mar 27. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Great strides have been made in cancer immunotherapy including the breakthrough successes of anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors. In Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive skin cancer, PD-(L)1 blockade is highly effective. Yet, ~50% of patients either do not respond to therapy or develop PD-(L)1 refractory disease and, thus, do not experience long-term benefit. Read More

Immunotherapy 2020 Feb 24;12(3):167-174. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.

Over the last few years, extensive research has improved our understanding of tumor immunology and has enabled the development of novel treatments. The state of the art of immunotherapy in various types of malignancies was exhaustively discussed in the 'Immunotherapy Bridge' meeting, which was held in Naples on 4-5 December 2019. Highlights related to the immunological treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer are the content of this article. Read More

Panminerva Med 2020 Mar 23. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.

J Cutan Med Surg 2020 Mar/Apr;24(2):195-196

12358 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020 Mar;40:1-10

Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

In this review, we summarize the immunology of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and the clinical data with immunotherapy in this heterogeneous group of cancers that include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). NMSCs are exceedingly common, and their treatment consumes substantial health care resources. Annual global mortality from NMSCs is comparable to that from malignant melanoma. Read More

Int Ophthalmol Clin 2020 ;60(2):91-102