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BMC Cancer 2021 Mar 16;21(1):279. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 7600032, Colombia.

Background: Thymic tumors are unusual neoplasms, representing 0.2 to 1.5% of tumors in humans, but correspond to 20% of mediastinal tumors and 50% of those that occur in the anterior mediastinum. Read More

J Radiol Case Rep 2020 Oct 31;14(10):16-30. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Department of Cardiovascular/Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Thymoma and paraganglioma are known causes of mediastinal masses, the latter being extremely rare. Thymomas arise from remnant thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinum; whereas, thoracic paragangliomas arise from para-aortic or para-vertebral sympathetic chain ganglion (derivatives of embryonic neural crest) in the middle or posterior mediastinum. We report a case of a middle-aged woman with two mediastinal masses, originally believed to be a single tumor or primary malignancy with adjacent metastasis on Computed Tomography (CT) that were further delineated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and [68Ga]-DOTA-(Tyr3)-octreotate (DOTA-TATE) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) and surgical pathology as two distinct entities: left epicardial paraganglioma and anterior mediastinal thymoma. Read More

BMC Surg 2021 Mar 10;21(1):128. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.

Background: Neurofibromatosis comprises neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). Major tumor type of NF1 are neurofibroma recognized as benign peripheral nerve tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), and glioma.

Case Presentation: We report a woman with a special condition, whose tumors in body surfaces were benign neurofibroma and tumors in posterior mediastinum are MPNST. Read More

BMC Surg 2021 Mar 5;21(1):112. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo-Xue-Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, China.

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics patients. Intraoperative hyperthermia is extremely rare in patients with neuroblastoma and can cause a series of complications. Here, we represent a case of neuroblastoma accompanied by hyperthermia during anesthesia, and propose a rational explanation and management options. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 28;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Dermatology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reactions (DISRs) are systemic granulomatous diseases that develop in the context of a new drug onset. Ipilimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma which has been associated with DISR. Differential diagnosis between tumour progression and DISR by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients treated with an ICI can be a challenge. Read More

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Mar 30;161(3):856-868.e1. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) often present with residual chest tumors after chemotherapy. We examined the pathologic concordance of intrathoracic disease and outcomes based on the worst pathology of disease resected at first thoracic surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients undergoing thoracic resection for metastatic NSGCT in our institution between 2005 and 2018. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2020 Dec;12(12):7591-7597

Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Tumors in the prevascular compartment of the mediastinum are rare and imaging plays a major role in their detection, (differential) diagnosis, staging, and follow-up. The prevascular compartment is bordered anteriorly by the posterior aspect of the sternum, posteriorly by the ventral aspect of the pericardium, cranially by the thoracic outlet, and caudally by the diaphragm. In many cases, the diagnosis of a lesion in the prevascular compartment is an incidental finding either on chest radiograph (CR) or on computed tomography (CT) scans. Read More

Rare Tumors 2020 18;12:2036361320972220. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

Primary Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor (PMGCT) is a rare and heterogeneous entity. These tumors are typically diagnosed in young adults and carry a poor prognosis. We conducted this study to evaluate the role of radiotherapy on treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in PMGCT that may allow a more adapted treatment strategy to improve survival. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2020 11;42(11):979-980

Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, China.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020 11 23;20(1):492. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Background: Paragangliomas are tumors that arise from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. Herein, we present a rare case of a functional paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum.

Case Presentation: A 36-year-old man presented with paroxysms of chest pain and headache. Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2021 Feb 20;26(2):284-295. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Esophageal schwannoma (ES) are rare and mostly benign neurogenic tumors. The clinical misdiagnosis rate of it is high. In this study, the clinicopathologic features of ES in mainland China were studied to better understand the disease and improve the diagnosis and treatment rate. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020 Oct;47(10):1497-1500

Dept. of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine.

A 22-year-old male was diagnosed with a metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in the mediastinum with an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)concentration. Histopathological findings following percutaneous biopsy revealed the presence of a mature teratoma. Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin(BEP)chemotherapy resulted decreased his serum AFP. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2020 Oct 31. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA, 91365, USA.

Extragonadal non-gestational choriocarcinoma is a rare but well-described phenomenon occurring in patients with midline germ cell tumors. Choriocarcinoma (ChC) is an aggressive neoplasm usually developing in women as a rare complication of pregnancy. In male patients ChC occurs in the testes, usually as a component of mixed germ cell tumors. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Oct 31. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus Frankfurt, Wilhelm-Epstein-Str. 4, 60431, Frankfurt, Germany.

Purpose: Thoracic growing teratoma syndrome (TGTS) is a rare disease in patients with germ cell tumors. Other than a few case reports and a limited number of case series, studies of this topic are not available.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from our patients who received surgery for TGTS between 1999 and 2016. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 Oct 27;80:207-214. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address:

Neonatal germ cell tumors are rare and comprise both benign and malignant neoplasms. Teratoma with nephroblastoma is a malignant subset defined pathologically by the presence of nephroblastoma and teratoma elements. Although teratoma with nephroblastoma is most often found in the kidney, 24 of 59 reported cases are associated with extrarenal locations, such as the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. Read More

Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2020 10;29(3):105-111

Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Mersin, Turkey

Objectives: To evaluate the role of F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses.

Methods: The oncological F-FDG PET/CT images of 41 patients (17 women, 24 men; age: 16-83 years, mean age: 50.5±19. Read More

Cancer 2021 Jan 20;127(2):193-202. Epub 2020 Oct 20.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Adolescents with extracranial metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) are often treated with regimens developed for children, but their clinical characteristics more closely resemble those of young adult patients. This study was designed to determine event-free survival (EFS) for adolescents with GCTs and compared them with children and young adults.

Methods: An individual patient database of 11 GCT trials was assembled: 8 conducted by pediatric cooperative groups and 3 conducted by an adult group. Read More

Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2020 Jul-Sep;27(3):217-219

Thoracic Surgery Department, CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal.

A 19 years-old woman, on her 17th week of pregnancy presented to the emergency department with thoracic pain and vomiting. An empyema was diagnosed and she was transferred to a tertiary hospital for treatment. After drainage of the empyema a mediastinal mass was detected and a thoracic MRI revealed a multicystic lesion of the anterior mediastinum, causing cardiac and left lung compression, suggestive of a complicated teratoma. Read More

Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020 Sep 10;36(5):552-554. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

The Department of CTVS, CMC Hospital, The Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004 India.

Benign extra-gonadal germ cell tumors, known as teratoma or dermoid cysts, are commonly found in the anterior mediastinum in association with the thymic gland. This association is due to their common site of embryological origins, from the third and the fourth pharyngeal pouches. Since it is not unusual to find normal thymic tissue in the neck, germ cell tumors arising from here will present as a cervical tumor. Read More

Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2020 30;2020:18. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Department of Pediatrics, ZNA Queen Paola Children's Hospital, Lindendreef 1, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.

Objective: The most common presentation of Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is infertility and features of hypogonadism. Currently no consensus exists on the risk of malignancy in this syndrome. Several case reports show an incidence of extragonadal germ cells tumors (eGCT) of 1. Read More

Cir Cir 2020 ;88(Suppl 1):19-23

Pathological anatomy service, HRAEO, de Hospital Regional Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca. San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.

We present the case of a suprahepatic tumor related to mature cystic teratoma, extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and represent from 1.6 to 5% of all germ cell tumors, the most common site and the extragonadal presentation is the mediastinum (50-70%), retroperitoneum (30-40%), other rare locations pineal gland, sacrococcal region, prostate and bladder; however, the supra-hepatic location is not so common and is not documented in the literature. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Sep;99(38):e21765

Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Introduction: Neurogenic tumors are the most frequent neoplasms of the lower posterior mediastinum. Traditionally, lower posterior mediastinal tumors are excised by video-assisted thoracic surgery. However, the available robotic treatment for the lower posterior mediastinum tumors to date are rare. Read More

J Clin Invest 2020 12;130(12):6668-6676

Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common cancer in men between the ages of 15 and 40. Although most patients are cured, those with disease arising in the mediastinum have distinctly poor outcomes. One in every 17 patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomatous GCTs develop an incurable hematologic malignancy and prior data intriguingly suggest a clonal relationship exists between hematologic malignancies and GCTs in these cases. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2020 Aug;42(4):566-569

Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou People's Hospital,Cangzhou,Hebei 061000,China.

The ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor originating from sympathetic ganglion cells.It often locates in the posterior mediastinum,retroperitoneum,and adrenal medulla.The intraspinal ganglioneuromas is relatively rare in clinical practice,which mainly locates in the cervical and thoracolumbar segments. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2020 Sep;73(9):671-674

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan.

Carcinoid arising from a mature cystic teratoma of the mediastinum is extremely rare. A 30-year-old man complaining of chest pain was admitted to our hospital for abnormal shadow in right mediastinum on chest tomography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested mature teratoma. Read More

Front Med 2021 Feb 13;15(1):101-107. Epub 2020 Aug 13.

Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20146, Italy.

Primary hypothyroidism commonly occurs after radiotherapy (RT), and coincides with increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.We tested therefore the protective effect of suppressing TSH with L-thyroxine during RT for medulloblastoma/PNET and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in a prospective cohort study. From1998 to 2001, a total of 37 euthyroid children with medulloblastoma/PNET plus 14 with HL, scheduled for craniospinal irradiation and mediastinum/neck radiotherapy, respectively, underwent thyroid ultrasound and free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH evaluation at the beginning and end of craniospinal iiradiation. Read More