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BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 7;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

Functional mediastinal paragangliomas (PGs) are rare, catecholamine-secreting tumours. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment, but it can be complicated by catecholamine-related symptoms, involvement of cardiac structures and/or tumour supply from major blood vessels. We report a case of a man in his 30s with a subcarinal functional PG complicated by all three factors. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 25;14(4):e24472. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Department of Pathology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, IND.

Primary mediastinal mixed germ cell tumors (PMMGCTs) are rare, aggressive tumors that, at diagnosis, are typically metastatic. A 22-year-old male with a three-month history of cough, chest pain, and fever presented to our outpatient department. Clinical examination showed reduced left-sided air entry in the left hemithorax, with a non-palpable left testis. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 May 28;23:e936138. Epub 2022 May 28.

Department of Surgery, King Salman Armed Forces Hospital in North-Western Region, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Ganglioneuromas are differentiated tumors originating from the neural crest. Although their occurrence is rare, they usually involve the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. However, they rarely occur in the adrenal gland. Read More

Radiol Med 2022 Jun 10;127(6):609-615. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Emergency Radiology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.

Objectives: The aim of this single-centre, observational, retrospective study is to find a correlation using Radiomics between the analysis of CT texture features of primary lesion of neuroendocrine (NET) lung cancer subtypes (typical and atypical carcinoids, large and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), Ki-67 index and the presence of lymph nodal mediastinal metastases.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients (11 males and 16 females, aged between 48 and 81 years old-average age of 70,4 years) with histological diagnosis of pulmonary NET with known Ki-67 status and metastases who have performed pre-treatment CT in our department were included. All examinations were performed with the same CT scan (Sensation 16-slice, Siemens). Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 Mar;28(3):399-401

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Afyonkarahisar-Turkey.

A case of hemothorax caused by traumatic rupture of schwannoma is rarely reported. We present a case of thorax injury of an 18-year-old woman who had fallen from a high place with a Glasgow Coma Score 13. Chest X-ray showed a left-sided massive pleural effusion. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2022 May;75(5):357-361

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.

We report a case of a 53-year-old man with superior vena cava( SVC) syndrome due to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in the mediastinum. His chief complaint was general fatigue. On physical examination, both jugular veins were distended and his face and bilateral upper limbs were swollen. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2022 Apr-Jun;65(2):369-373

Department of Pathology, Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, China.

Purpose: To investigate the clinicopathological features of mature teratoma with malignant transformation.

Methods: Retrospectively analysis of 1179 cases mature teratoma was done from August 1999 to December 2019 in Institution. 14 cases of mature teratoma with malignant transformation were discussed mainly for the pathological characteristics and clinical manifestations. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 8;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Primary vaginal neuroendocrine tumours are extremely rare but aggressive. We report a case of primary poorly differentiated vaginal carcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. The clinical stage was cT3N1M0, FIGO stage III. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2022 Apr 5;17(1):67. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medial University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Background: Mediastinal teratomas are rare tumors that frequently occur in the anterior mediastinum. The majority of these tumors are benign and slow growing. Due to their low malignant potential, the treatment for these tumors is surgical resection. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 1;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour emerging from the syncytiotrophoblast divided into gestational and non-gestational presentations. Primary choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum is rare. Metastases to the brain often occur; however, brainstem involvement has not been reported for non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Mar 31;16(1):128. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Institute of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, 10000, Kosovo.

Background: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are extremely rare and highly aggressive malignant small round cell tumors that arise from the primitive nerve cells of the nervous system or outside it. These tumors share similar histology, immunohistologic characteristics, and cytogenetics with Ewing's sarcoma. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the chest wall are rare malignant tumors seen in children and young adults. Read More

Magn Reson Med Sci 2022 Mar 17. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University.

The anterior mediastinum is the most common location of mediastinal tumors, and thymic epithelial tumors are the most common mediastinal tumors. It is important to differentiate thymic epithelial tumors from malignant lymphomas and malignant germ cell tumors because of the different treatment strategies. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging can provide additional information on the differential diagnosis. Read More

Clin Imaging 2022 May 28;85:74-77. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Departments of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America.

Intercostal schwannomas can present incidentally and lead to compressive thoracic symptoms. These slow-growing and benign tumors typically arise from intercostal nerves and are supplied by intercostal arteries, which may increase the risk of hemorrhagic complications with surgical resection. Due to the rarity of intercostal schwannomas, there exists no standardized management algorithms. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2022 06 29;89(6):591-593. Epub 2022 Jan 29.

Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS) is a relatively common emergency in the practice of Pediatric Oncology. It typically results from the compression of large airways and superior vena cava by a swiftly growing mass. T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and germ cell tumor are the common etiologies of SMS in children. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2021 16;8(1):645-650. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.

Although the synchronous occurrence of testicular seminoma and systemic sarcoidosis has been reported, that of intracranial germinoma and systemic sarcoidosis is unknown. A 26-year-old man presented with symptoms of panhypopituitarism and consciousness disturbance. Imaging demonstrated a large nodule in the upper right lung field and swelling of multiple bilateral pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes in addition to the bifocal pineal and suprasellar tumors with obstructive hydrocephalus. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 Jan 25;23:e932616. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Department of Pathology, One Brooklyn Health System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

BACKGROUND Mediastinal masses can originate from anatomical structures normally located in the mediastinum, or from structures that travel through the mediastinum during embryogenesis. Initial presenting symptoms usually vary from shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, and superior vena cava syndrome to nonspecific constitutional symptoms (eg, fever, weight loss, fatigue). However, the initial presentation of a mediastinal mass with acute pericarditis has not been reported in the literature as far as we know. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 5;12:790975. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is not common, which is more unusual when caused by paraganglioma. We herein present a 40-year-old Chinese male who was diagnosed with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. However, the localization of the ACTH source was troublesome due to the inconsistent results of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test and the desmopressin stimulation test. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2022 Apr;47(4):326-328

Respiration, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.

Abstract: Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lung is an extremely rare and highly malignant neoplasm with a poor prognosis. A 49-year-old man presented with a dry cough and slight pain in the left chest for nearly 1 month. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed intense 18F-FDG uptake of the left inferior lung tumor and hypermetabolic mediastinal lymph nodes. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2022 May;47(5):437-438

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.

Abstract: Mediastinal teratoma is a relatively rare disease that usually contains tissue from the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. We report a finding that mediastinal benign teratoma showed intense FAPI activity on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT, which may lead to misdiagnosis of this benign lesion. It is necessary to realize that benign teratoma is also one of the reasons for the intense FAPI uptake in mediastinal masses, so as not to be misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2021 Apr-Jun;62(2):587-592

Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Department of Extreme Conditions Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare entity, with a difficult preoperative diagnosis, frequently being an intraoperative surprise. In recent literature, theories pertaining to its development either assimilate the tumor with a monochorionic twin that halted its evolution, or with a highly differentiated mature teratoma. We present the case of a 27-year-old patient, with a cystic tumor in the anterior mediastinum, which intraoperatively proved to be a rare case of intrathoracic FIF. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022 01;34(1):159-161

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.

A female patient with a right-sided encapsulated pleural effusion was misdiagnosed preoperatively as having an encapsulated empyema. However, a giant mass in the anterior mediastinum was found via thoracoscopy, and a mature teratoma was detected based on the pathological result. Herein we report this case and provide lessons for cardiothoracic surgeons. Read More

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022 01;34(1):156-158

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Città della Salute e Della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.

Mediastinal schwannoma arising from brachial plexus are rare, but their surgical treatment could be challenging with a minimally invasive approach, given their position. Furthermore, their proximity to brachial plexus nerve fibres raises the risk for postoperative upper limb deficits. A 72-year-old man presented mediastinal schwannoma arising from the T1 nerve root. Read More

J Int Med Res 2022 Jan;50(1):3000605211069202

Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) often occur in male testes and female ovaries. Extragonadal GCTs account for approximately 2% to 5% of all GCTs and mainly occur in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pineal gland. In this study, we reported a rare case of gastric adenocarcinoma with GCT components. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Dec 30;14(12). Epub 2021 Dec 30.

Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan.

We present a case of combined large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), harbouring a V600E mutation, which significantly benefited from -targeted therapy. A 57-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for headache and vomiting. A head MRI showed a large tumour in her brain, and a whole-body CT revealed a tumour in the hilum of the right lung and mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Read More

J Surg Res 2022 04 20;272:61-68. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Background And Objectives: Mediastinal germ cell tumor (MGCT) is a relatively rare tumor. Complete resection after chemotherapy is a standard treatment against this disease. However, the risk factors of incomplete resection are unclear. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2022 Jan 13;146:110107. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address:

Purpose: The 2-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[F]FDG PET/CT) is used for the evaluation of response to immunotherapy in malignant melanoma. Here, we evaluated the prognostic value of various metabolic parameters in baseline and different time points after therapy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 51 metastatic melanoma patients, who had received immunotherapy, were included. Read More

Pathologica 2021 Oct;113(5):371-376

Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany.

Throughout his career, Dr. Juan Rosai greatly impacted our understanding of mediastinal tumors, both as a scientist and as a teacher. This review highlights his manifold contributions in the field of thymic carcinomas and thymic neuroendocrine tumors from a historical perspective. Read More

Echocardiography 2021 12 21;38(12):2091-2094. Epub 2021 Nov 21.

Department of Pharmacy, Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.

Carcinoid tumors are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors that produce high levels of serotonin and are mainly located in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system but very rarely in the mediastinum. These are slow-growing tumors that most commonly present metastatic lesions in the liver, followed by the bones, lungs, and peritoneum. Solid cardiac metastases from carcinoid tumors have seldom been reported. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2022 02 22;17(2):200-213. Epub 2021 Oct 22.

Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

This overview of the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors (including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine tumors [NETs]), mediastinal germ cell tumors, and mesenchymal neoplasms aims to (1) list established and new tumor entities and subtypes and (2) focus on diagnostic, molecular, and conceptual advances since publication of the fourth edition in 2015. Diagnostic advances are best exemplified by the immunohistochemical characterization of adenocarcinomas and the recognition of genetic translocations in metaplastic thymomas, rare B2 and B3 thymomas, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas. Advancements at the molecular and tumor biological levels of utmost oncological relevance are the findings that thymomas and most thymic carcinomas lack currently targetable mutations, have an extraordinarily low tumor mutational burden, but typically have a programmed death-ligand 1 phenotype. Read More

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021 Oct 11;92(2). Epub 2021 Oct 11.

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara; Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara.

Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors are a rare finding, and one third of them are seminomas. Seminomas are found in the anterior mediastinum, whereas they are extremely rare within the posterior compartment. Most clinicians would not consider a primary seminoma in the differential diagnosis of a posterior mediastinal mass, as only two cases have been reported in literature. Read More