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Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;50(6):676-678

Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

Kyobu Geka 2021 Jun;74(6):472-475

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan.

An 70-year-old woman was reffered to our hospital to examine for a left lower lobe atelectasis on chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed the mass in middle mediastinum. The video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery( VATS) was performed to establish diagnosis and treat. Read More

Intern Med 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.

Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare malignant tumor expressing NUT with BRD4/3 rearrangements and is sometimes misdiagnosed as germinoma, especially in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-elevated cases. A 28-year-old man had a mediastinal tumor with multiple bone metastases and elevated AFP levels. Imaging/laboratory findings led to a pathological diagnosis of extragonadal germinoma. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 28;14(5). Epub 2021 May 28.

Oncology, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland.

In recent years, immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment landscape for oncology patients with improved survival rates in cancers which previously had a dismissal prognosis. These agents target specific pathways of inhibition such as programmed cell death -1 (PD-1), PD ligand-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 resulting in stimulation of T cell activity. This results in enabling an individual's own immune system to fight against cancer, a different modality of treatment when compared with traditional chemotherapy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 25;14(5). Epub 2021 May 25.

Gastroenterology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.

Anterior mediastinal large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are extremely rare, extremely aggressive malignancies that carry a dismal prognosis. We discuss a woman aged 60 years who presented with a 2-month history of recurrent severe constant epigastric pain. Abdominal examination revealed massive hepatomegaly and a CT scan of the liver confirmed coarse liver lesions. Read More

Lung Cancer 2021 06 30;156:117-121. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, APHP.CUP, Université de Paris, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary NeuroEndocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare disease often associated with carcinoid tumors. We aimed at evaluating the impact of DIPNECH on characteristics and prognosis of patients who underwent radical treatment of pulmonary carcinoid tumors.

Material And Methods: We reviewed all patients operated on for curative-intent resection of carcinoid tumor in our department from 2001 to 2020. Read More

Int Cancer Conf J 2021 Apr 9;10(2):144-148. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641 Japan.

Histiocytic sarcoma is considered an extremely rare condition. We herein report on a case of histiocytic sarcoma following combination chemotherapy for a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor in a 26-year-old Asian man who visited the General Medicine Department of a hospital with complaints of cough and high fever. Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a tumor (diameter 10. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2021 Jul;46(7):e347-e348

Nuclear Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract: A 40-year old man admitted to the nuclear medicine department to undergo PET/CT for restaging of known testicular germ cell tumor. The patient had a history of orchiectomy for left testis and left nephrectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Histopathology revealed testicular germ cell tumor. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Mar 16;21(1):279. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 7600032, Colombia.

Background: Thymic tumors are unusual neoplasms, representing 0.2 to 1.5% of tumors in humans, but correspond to 20% of mediastinal tumors and 50% of those that occur in the anterior mediastinum. Read More

J Radiol Case Rep 2020 Oct 31;14(10):16-30. Epub 2020 Oct 31.

Department of Cardiovascular/Thoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Thymoma and paraganglioma are known causes of mediastinal masses, the latter being extremely rare. Thymomas arise from remnant thymic tissue in the anterior mediastinum; whereas, thoracic paragangliomas arise from para-aortic or para-vertebral sympathetic chain ganglion (derivatives of embryonic neural crest) in the middle or posterior mediastinum. We report a case of a middle-aged woman with two mediastinal masses, originally believed to be a single tumor or primary malignancy with adjacent metastasis on Computed Tomography (CT) that were further delineated with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and [68Ga]-DOTA-(Tyr3)-octreotate (DOTA-TATE) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) and surgical pathology as two distinct entities: left epicardial paraganglioma and anterior mediastinal thymoma. Read More

BMC Surg 2021 Mar 10;21(1):128. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.

Background: Neurofibromatosis comprises neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). Major tumor type of NF1 are neurofibroma recognized as benign peripheral nerve tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), and glioma.

Case Presentation: We report a woman with a special condition, whose tumors in body surfaces were benign neurofibroma and tumors in posterior mediastinum are MPNST. Read More

BMC Surg 2021 Mar 5;21(1):112. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo-Xue-Xiang, 610041, Chengdu, China.

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics patients. Intraoperative hyperthermia is extremely rare in patients with neuroblastoma and can cause a series of complications. Here, we represent a case of neuroblastoma accompanied by hyperthermia during anesthesia, and propose a rational explanation and management options. Read More

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Jun 30;69(6):1022-1025. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.

A 25-year-old man was initially diagnosed with a giant mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Chemotherapy was administered and the tumor markers were normalized; however, the tumor grew in size (20 cm), invading the left brachiocephalic vein (BCV) and the superior vena cava (SVC). Bilateral transmanubrial approach with median sternotomy and bilateral clamshell thoracotomy was required for the complete resection of the giant tumor with the SVC reconstruction. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jan 28;14(1). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Dermatology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

Drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reactions (DISRs) are systemic granulomatous diseases that develop in the context of a new drug onset. Ipilimumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma which has been associated with DISR. Differential diagnosis between tumour progression and DISR by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients treated with an ICI can be a challenge. Read More

Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Jun 15;69(6):1016-1021. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.

Teratomas of anterior mediastinum are rare tumors and are often slow growing, asymptomatic and detected incidentally on chest imaging. We report, a rare case of an anterior mediastinal teratoma occurring in early childhood. A 4-month-old male infant presented to the pediatric unit of our hospital with a 2-week history of a progressive difficulty in breathing and stridor. Read More

BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020 11 23;20(1):492. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

Background: Paragangliomas are tumors that arise from extra-adrenal chromaffin cells. Herein, we present a rare case of a functional paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum.

Case Presentation: A 36-year-old man presented with paroxysms of chest pain and headache. Read More

Int J Clin Oncol 2021 Feb 20;26(2):284-295. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 32 South Renmin Road, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Esophageal schwannoma (ES) are rare and mostly benign neurogenic tumors. The clinical misdiagnosis rate of it is high. In this study, the clinicopathologic features of ES in mainland China were studied to better understand the disease and improve the diagnosis and treatment rate. Read More

In Vivo 2020 Nov-Dec;34(6):3527-3532

"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Background/aim: Thoracic neurogenic tumors are most frequently located in the posterior part of the mediastinum or on the chest wall, along the intercostal nerves. Schwannomas are very well tolerated for a long period, until the tumor reaches a large size and compression of the neighbouring mediastinal organs, chest wall or spine appears. The purpose of this article was to present a case of a giant right forth intercostal nerve Schwannoma, completely resected by a right antero-lateral thoracotomy. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Oct 25;56(11). Epub 2020 Oct 25.

Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Mutations in genes encoding one of the subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are involved in pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL) development. Over the last few years, such mutations have also been associated with non-chromaffin tumors. However, immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the tumor tissue and a study on the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) aimed at demonstrating the pathogenic role of genes have only been employed in a few cases. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2020 Oct 27;80:207-214. Epub 2020 Aug 27.

Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address:

Neonatal germ cell tumors are rare and comprise both benign and malignant neoplasms. Teratoma with nephroblastoma is a malignant subset defined pathologically by the presence of nephroblastoma and teratoma elements. Although teratoma with nephroblastoma is most often found in the kidney, 24 of 59 reported cases are associated with extrarenal locations, such as the mediastinum or retroperitoneum. Read More

Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2020 Jul-Sep;27(3):217-219

Thoracic Surgery Department, CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal.

A 19 years-old woman, on her 17th week of pregnancy presented to the emergency department with thoracic pain and vomiting. An empyema was diagnosed and she was transferred to a tertiary hospital for treatment. After drainage of the empyema a mediastinal mass was detected and a thoracic MRI revealed a multicystic lesion of the anterior mediastinum, causing cardiac and left lung compression, suggestive of a complicated teratoma. Read More

Cancer Invest 2021 Feb 6;39(2):195-201. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France.

Background: Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to arise as a result of local transformation of primordial gonadal cells (PGCs) that become misplaced during embryogenesis. With the exception of bilateral testis tumors, metachronous GCT (i.e. Read More

World J Surg Oncol 2020 Sep 18;18(1):248. Epub 2020 Sep 18.

Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ordensklinikum Linz - Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria.

Background: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are extremely rare, slowly growing, benign tumors that can arise from Schwann cells, ganglion cells, and neuronal or fibrous tissues. Due to their origin from the sympathetic neural crest, they show neuroendocrine potential; however, most are reported to be hormonally inactive. Nevertheless, complete surgical removal is recommended for symptom control or for the prevention of potential malignant degeneration. Read More

Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2020 ;76(1):37-44

Introduction: Diagnostic and therapeutic management of the patient with malignant uveal melanoma (MMU) is subject to ongoing efforts to innovate. PET/CT (Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography) examination is important in both diagnosis and metastases.

Material And Methods: Evaluation of the importance of PET/CT examination in the group of patients diagnosed with MMU in the period 12. Read More

Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2020 Aug;42(4):566-569

Department of Orthopedics, Cangzhou People's Hospital,Cangzhou,Hebei 061000,China.

The ganglioneuroma is a benign tumor originating from sympathetic ganglion cells.It often locates in the posterior mediastinum,retroperitoneum,and adrenal medulla.The intraspinal ganglioneuromas is relatively rare in clinical practice,which mainly locates in the cervical and thoracolumbar segments. Read More

Cureus 2020 Aug 2;12(8):e9517. Epub 2020 Aug 2.

Radiology, Osceola Regional Medical Center, Kissimmee, USA.

Mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) are very rare, with an approximate annual incidence of 500 in the United States. Here, we present a case of a 22-year-old male presenting with hemoptysis who was found to have primary mediastinal NSGCT, endodermal sinus tumor type (or yolk sac type). We review the imaging findings, pathology, and treatment of primary mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2021 Feb 2;39(2):101-117. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.

Anterior mediastinum is the most common location of mediastinal tumors, which include various solid and cystic lesions. The lesion location and CT and MRI features are important in the differential diagnosis. Recently, CT-based mediastinal compartment classification systems were proposed and suggested to be useful for accurate evaluation of mediastinal lesions. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2020 Sep;73(9):671-674

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Fukuyama City Hospital, Fukuyama, Japan.

Carcinoid arising from a mature cystic teratoma of the mediastinum is extremely rare. A 30-year-old man complaining of chest pain was admitted to our hospital for abnormal shadow in right mediastinum on chest tomography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested mature teratoma. Read More

J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021 Jun 2;27(4):996-999. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Department of Dermatology, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.

Introduction: BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been approved for use in metastatic melanoma therapies. All of them are administered as oral capsules or pills. We report two cases treated applying an alternative method of vemurafenib or debrafenib-trametinib administration in patients unable to swallow. Read More