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Cureus 2022 Mar 30;14(3):e23637. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, NGA.

Introduction Although the global incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) appears to have reduced substantially in the past few decades, acute UGIB still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently no published data on UGIB in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study examined the endoscopic findings in patients with UGIB in Ogun State. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2022 Apr;70(4):11-12

Care Hospitals, Nampally, Hyderabad.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency and can be a serious condition that requires hospitalization, rapid evaluation and management. The usual presentation is hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools) 1. UGIB occurs more commonly in men and older subjects. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Mar;10(9):2954-2960

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.

Background: In recent years, it has been recognized that transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is of great value in resuscitation of cardiac arrest. However, its safety has rarely been reported.

Case Summary: We present a 59-year-old male patient scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery for rheumatic heart disease. Read More

World J Gastrointest Endosc 2022 Mar;14(3):163-175

Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71500, Greece.

Background: Acute non-variceal bleeding accounts for approximately 20% of all-cause bleeding episodes in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality therefore prompt diagnosis and endoscopic management are crucial.

Aim: To evaluate available data on the efficacy of endoscopic treatment modalities used to control acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in cirrhotic patients as well as to assess treatment outcomes. Read More

JGH Open 2022 Mar 4;6(3):179-184. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Gastroenterology St. Luke's International Hospital Tokyo Japan.

Aims: Studies detailing endoscopic findings and hemostatic interventions for upper gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiovascular surgery are scarce. We conducted this study to determine the frequency and findings of emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) after cardiovascular surgery and the effect of bleeding requiring hemostatic intervention on clinical outcomes.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively reviewed records of emergent EGD examinations conducted within 30 days after cardiovascular surgery at a tertiary referral center in Japan from April 2011 to March 2020. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Mar 18;12(3). Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.

The risk of malignant transformation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is presently assessed using imaging, which remains unsatisfactory. Given the high viscosity of pancreatic juice, pancreatic juice cytology (PJC) is considered an investigational procedure. We previously demonstrated that the diagnostic performance of PJC was improved via synthetic secretin loading in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2022 Jan-Apr;16(1):8-13. Epub 2022 Jan 17.

Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) is a relatively uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. While most cases can be managed conservatively, frequent transfusions or endoscopic hemostasis may be required in some cases. A 74-year-old man presented with hematemesis triggered by coughing. Read More

Cir Cir 2021 ;89(S2):26-30

Departamento de Terapia Intensiva, Hospital Ángeles Mocel, Ciudad de México, México.

Spontaneous lesions can affect only a part of the esophageal wall (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) or constitute a full-thickness rupture of the organ, leading to Boerhaave syndrome. Most commonly affecting males between 50 and 70 years of age, Clinically, the Mackler triad is vomiting, severe chest pain, and subcutaneous cervical emphysema. The delay in diagnosis explains the high mortality rate of this pathology up to 40-60% in those treated at 48 hours. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2021 Oct 26;2021(10):omab094. Epub 2021 Oct 26.

Department of Allergy, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8577, Japan.

A 1-month-old girl presented with hematemesis and dyspnea. A large amount of blood was aspirated through a nasogastric tube, and chest computed tomography showed bilateral centrilobular opacified lesions, which suggested aspiration pneumonitis due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Her respiratory condition exacerbated, and we initiated nitric oxide (NO) therapy. Read More

Cureus 2021 Aug 21;13(8):e17348. Epub 2021 Aug 21.

Radiology, Stony Brook University, Port Jefferson, USA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe respiratory syndrome. It started as an epidemic in Wuhan, China, and then become a global pandemic. COVID-19 usually presents with respiratory symptoms, including cough and shortness of breath, accompanied by fever. Read More

Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021 12;12:20406223211039696. Epub 2021 Aug 12.

Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110840, China.

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is one of the uncommon causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Major treatment of GAVE includes pharmacotherapy, endoscopy, and surgery. The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy have not been sufficiently confirmed; and surgery is just considered when conservative treatment is ineffective. Read More

Diagn Interv Radiol 2021 Jul;27(4):519-523

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for the treatment of arterial esophageal bleeding.

Methods: Nine patients (8 male, 1 female; mean age, 62.3±7. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 21;8:696904. Epub 2021 Jun 21.

Department of Nephrology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.

Bleeding remains the most clinically relevant complication of kidney biopsy and several prophylactic approaches were proposed, including desmopressin administration. We present the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of liver transplantation, admitted for the evaluation of a renal dysfunction. As part of our department protocol, desmopressin 60 μg was administered orally, 2 h before the percutaneous kidney biopsy. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e25136

Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangjin District Central Hospital, Chongqing, China, 402260.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease the rate of rebleeding following endoscopic hemostatic therapy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. This study compares the efficacy of oral omeprazole vs intravenous omeprazole in decrease of rebleeding of peptic ulcer patients.

Method: The present study was authorized by the local research ethics committee of Jiangjin District Central Hospital (2020120987) and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2021 Jul 8;55(5):510-514. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, 158776Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Intramural hematoma of the esophagus (IHE) represents a rare condition on the spectrum of esophageal injuries. The most common symptoms are hematemesis, epigastric pain or retrosternal chest pains, odynophagia, and dysphagia. Early recognition of IHE is important as it may mimic other diseases such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, Mallory-Weiss tears, Boerhaave's syndrome, ruptured aortic aneurysms, and aortic dissection. Read More

Cureus 2020 Dec 24;12(12):e12256. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

Emergency Medicine, Swedish Hospital - Part of NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, USA.

Emergency departments (EDs) are the primary driver for hospital admissions in the United States (US), and that trend is likely to continue through the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. As the US continues to experience rampant community spread, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will likely present in increasingly variable ways to the EDs. We present a case of Mallory-Weiss tear and esophageal perforation, which was likely caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. Read More

Cureus 2020 Dec 3;12(12):e11862. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Internal Medicine Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, SAU.

Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as any blood loss originating from the esophagus, stomach or the proximal duodenum above the ligament of Treitz. Ethnic trends regarding the causes of UGIB have been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the most common causes of UGIB among patients residing in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia. Read More

Int J Emerg Med 2020 Nov 30;13(1):56. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.

Background: Spontaneous esophageal rupture, or Boerhaave syndrome, is a fatal disorder caused by an elevated esophageal pressure owing to forceful vomiting. Patients with Boerhaave syndrome often present with chest pain, dyspnea, and shock. We report on two patients of Boerhaave syndrome with different severities that was triggered by excessive alcohol consumption and was diagnosed immediately in the emergency room. Read More

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2020 ;117(11):985-991

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital.

An 86-year-old man was transferred to the Tokyo Medical University Hospital because of a temporary loss of consciousness and melena. We performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which revealed Mallory-Weiss syndrome caused by a strong vomiting reflex. After an examination, he complained of abdominal pain, and his blood pressure decreased. Read More

Clin Endosc 2021 Nov 12;54(6):916-919. Epub 2020 Nov 12.

Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.

Mallory-Weiss tears (MWT) are occasionally encountered during endoscopic procedures. Esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely performed under general anesthesia to avoid unexpected body movements. We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma. Read More

GE Port J Gastroenterol 2020 Aug 8;27(5):356-360. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Department of Gastroenterology, T.N.M.C. and B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Esophageal mucosal bridge is an elastic stretchable structure, connecting across the lumen, extending either obliquely or horizontally, more commonly seen in the mid or lower esophagus. It can be either congenital or secondary (acquired). Acquired ones are secondary to reflux esophagitis, corrosive esophageal injury, drug-induced esophagitis, radiation esophagitis, Crohn's disease, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, malignant tumors, and infections like candidiasis, HSV, CMV, or tuberculosis. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2020 03;101(5):294-300

Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is defined as hemorrhage from the mouth to the ligament of Treitz. Common risk factors for upper GI bleeding include prior upper GI bleeding, anticoagulant use, high-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and older age. Causes of upper GI bleeding include peptic ulcer bleeding, gastritis, esophagitis, variceal bleeding, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, and cancer. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019 1;12(7):2758-2762. Epub 2019 Jul 1.

Lung Cancer Center, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

The presence of Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is uncommon. MWS is characterized by longitudinal superficial mucosal laceration at the esophagogastric junction and can be caused by a variety of causes, with upper digestive tract hemorrhage as the primary manifestation. SCLC is the most invasive histological subtype of lung cancer, and approximately a quarter of all SCLC patients undergo paraneoplastic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, such as hyponatremia. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 Dec;7(24):4407-4413

Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Endothelial Function and Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun 130031, Jilin Province, China.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not an uncommon complication. Acute UGIB caused by Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) is usually a dire situation with massive bleeding and hemodynamic instability. Acute UGIB caused by MWS after an AMI has not been previously reported. Read More

Middle East J Dig Dis 2019 Oct 5;11(4):225-229. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is classified as a myeloproliferative disorder (MPD). Such patients are prone to both thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Although gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is not a prominent manifestation of PV, it would be life threatening and necessitating hospital admission and blood transfusion if it occurs. Read More

Cureus 2019 Sep 11;11(9):e5623. Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Gastroenterology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.

Intramural esophageal hematoma (IEH) is a rare cause of submucosal esophageal bleeding and it is on the spectrum of esophageal wall injury along with mucosal tears (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) and full thickness perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome). Its risk factors include coagulopathy, trauma (foreign body ingestion or esophageal instrumentation) or it can happen spontaneously. It presents with a triad of chest pain, dysphagia, and hematemesis; however, the triad is only present in 35% of patients. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2019 Sep;25(34):5174-5184

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.

Background: Adverse events during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal neoplasms, such as perforation and bleeding, have been well-documented. However, the Mallory-Weiss Tear (MWT) during esophageal ESD remains under investigation.

Aim: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of the MWT during esophageal ESD. Read More

Chirurg 2019 Aug;90(8):607-613

Universitätsklinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.

Background: Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has a high mortality. Hematemesis sometimes with melena are the leading clinical symptoms. Peptic ulcers and (erosive) inflammation are common, whereas Mallory-Weiss syndrome, neoplasms, angiodysplasia and diffuse UGIB are less common. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2020 01 31;65(1):225-231. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Digestive Disease Research Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.

Background/aims: Spontaneous retrograde migration of nasoenteral feeding tubes is common in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nasoenteral feeding tube tip fixation with hemoclips to prevent tube dislodgement.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent insertion of an endoscopic nasoenteral feeding tube with or without tube tip fixation with hemoclips at the Asan Medical Center in Korea from January 2016 to December 2017. Read More

Clin Endosc 2020 Jan 8;53(1):90-93. Epub 2019 Jul 8.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Peptic ulcer disease is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, followed by variceal bleeding, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, and malignancy. On the contrary, acquired hemophilia A is a very rare hemorrhagic disease, which usually manifests with musculocutaneous bleeding, caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII. A 78-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with melena. Read More