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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021 Mar 28. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Develi Hatice-Muammer Kocaturk State Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Camiicedit Mahallesi, Hastane Cd. No: 14, 38400 Develi, Kayseri, Turkey. Electronic address:

We developed a percutaneous surgical technique that allows early mobilization and compression for the treatment of mallet fractures. The aim of this study was to describe this novel technique called the hook wire tension technique (HWTT) and provide a clinical and radiological comparison between HWTT and the extension block pinning technique (EBT) in the treatment of mallet fractures. This retrospective study included 23 mallet fracture patients treated using HWTT and 25 patients treated using EBT. Read More

J Biomech 2021 May 5;121:110412. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Applied Mechanics, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Intervertebral body fusion devices (IBFDs) are commonly used in the treatment of various spinal pathologies. Intra-operative fractures of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) implants have been reported in the literature and to the FDA as device-related adverse events. The device and/or implant inserter failures typically occur during device impaction into the disc space and require implant removal and replacement. Read More

Hand Surg Rehabil 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat, Mah. Muhittin Fisunoğlu Cad. Ali Şevki Erek Yerleşkesi, Merkez/Tokat, Turkey.

The aim of this study was to compare the closed reduction interfragmentary pinning method (IPM) with the extension block technique (EBT) for bony mallet finger. Patients who underwent mallet finger operations were screened retrospectively for the following inclusion criteria: Doyle type 4c, age between 18 and 75 years, less than 4 weeks to surgery, and more than 1 year of follow-up time. Group I underwent a closed reduction IPM, and group II underwent the EBT. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e25419

Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Ağri Training and Research Hospital, Ağri.

Abstract: Mallet fractures are avulsion fractures of the extensor tendon from the distal phalanx base and often occur due to sudden flexion or axial loading. In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and radiological results of patients treated with single and double dorsal wires from the dorsal in the extension block method.Patients to whom a single wire from dorsal was applied were assigned to Group 1 (n: 22), and those to whom double wires were applied were assigned to Group 2 (n: 23). Read More

Eplasty 2021 8;21:ic2. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Division of Plastic Surgery.

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Mar 16;22(1):281. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Background: The treatment of mallet fracture using hook plate fixation was first introduced in 2007 and has subsequently shown excellent outcomes. Common complications, such as nail deformity and screw loosening, have also been reported. Very few studies have focused on these common complications or their prevention. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(11):e24996

Department of Hand Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China.

Purpose: Though the previous studies had described various surgical techniques for the treatment of mallet finger injuries, consensus on which technique was the most effective and appropriate surgical methods had not yet reached. This review aimed to systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of the treatment for mallet finger injuries via Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to recommend an optimum option.

Methods: All literatures published until December 31, 2019 compared Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to treat mallet finger were acquired through a comprehensive search in multiple databases. Read More

J Orthop Surg Res 2021 Mar 12;16(1):186. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Women's University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: Mini-hook plate has been described for the treatment of various small avulsion fragments in the hand. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes after mini-hook plate fixation in patients with an avulsion fracture around the interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand.

Methods: Nineteen patients with avulsion fractures around the interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand were included in this study. Read More

SICOT J 2021 8;7:10. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Patel Hospital, 75300 Karachi, Pakistan.

A broken intramedullary nail is a well-known complication of non-union of femur shaft fractures. Numerous surgical techniques have been presented before in patients with non-union of long bone fractures. We report the surgical technique used to perform removal of the broken distal segment of a nail in a patient who achieved uneventful union after intramedullary nailing of closed femur shaft fracture. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2021 Jun 15;46(5):460-465. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK.

Over a 4-year period, 218 mallet fractures in 211 adult patients were treated using a custom-made thermoplastic splint. Clinical results were collected prospectively, including the visual analogue score for pain, the range of motion and extensor lag, and the Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM). The joints were congruent in 168 and subluxed in 50. Read More

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2021 Mar;26(1):65-69

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hirakata Hospital, Hirakata, Japan.

Although extension block pinning for mallet fracture is popular, it occasionally results in poor outcome. We reviewed previous cases to elucidate the factors associated with poor outcome. From 2012 to 2017, 50 mallet fingers in 50 patients were consecutively repaired by extension block pinning using modified Ishiguro method. Read More

Surg J (N Y) 2021 Jan 1;7(1):e18-e21. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Department of Orthopedics, Imam Khomeini University Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.

Thumb extensor injuries and bony avulsion in the distal phalanx of the thumb are rare compared with other fingers. The most reported complications are infection, nail deformity, joint incongruity, implant failure, recurrent flexion deformity, and residual pain. This report presents a case of 30-year-old man suffering from an injury in the left thumb distal phalanx with a displaced comminuted intra-articular fracture of the distal phalanx of the left thumb. Read More

FP Essent 2021 Jan;500:21-27

West Virginia University Department of Human Performance, 1 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV 26506.

Many finger fractures can be managed nonsurgically. Patients with fractures that include angulation, comminution, and malrotation must be referred expeditiously to a hand surgeon, preferably within 1 week. Some fractures, such as condylar fractures, appear nondisplaced at first but have a high propensity to displace and, therefore, also should be referred to a subspecialist. Read More

J Hand Microsurg 2020 Dec 2;12(3):208-211. Epub 2019 Jun 2.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.

A 46-year-old man injured his ring finger and developed a mallet deformity. Radiographs showed a mallet finger fracture through an osteolytic lesion of the distal phalanx. Magnetic resonance imaging showed low intensity on T1-weighted imaging and high intensity on T2-weighted imaging, which suggested the clinical diagnosis of enchondroma. Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2020 Dec 23:102764. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

Department of orthopedics and traumatology, Antalya education and research hospital, Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address:

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical, radiological, aesthetic and economic outcomes of extension pin block technique and extension orthosis in closed mallet fractures with more than 1/3 of articular surface involvement without subluxation (Wehbe and Schneider classification type IB and IC).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine patients (11 women and 28 men; mean age: 40.9±11. Read More

J Forensic Leg Med 2020 Nov 6;76:102034. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa. Electronic address:

Physical child abuse is a major problem in South Africa and throughout the world, and the detection of skeletal trauma in victims of abuse may be critical in the accurate investigation of these cases. Since many of these fractures are not detected during traditional autopsy, the use of various diagnostic imaging tools is implemented in order to aid in the detection of trauma. In South Africa, Lodox (low-dose full-body X-ray) is commonly used in forensic mortuaries and the aim of this study was to assess the sensitivities of CT, X-ray and Lodox, in comparison to dry bone as the gold standard, in detecting both the number of fractures and minimum number of impacts in piglets subjected to blunt force trauma. Read More

J Forensic Sci 2021 Mar 2;66(2):470-478. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Human Variation and Identification Research Unit (HVIRU), School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Skull fractures are common in children both due to abuse and accidental incidences. The accurate detection of these fractures may therefore be critical. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of CT, X-ray, and Lodox scans, the latter which has not previously been evaluated and is commonly employed in South Africa, in detecting the number, location and type of pediatric skull fractures. Read More

Cureus 2020 Sep 27;12(9):e10687. Epub 2020 Sep 27.

Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida/HCA Healthcare Osceola Regional Medical Center, Orlando, USA.

In this report, the authors present the case of a child who sustained a specific type of mallet finger injury known as a Seymour fracture. This is an important injury to recognize in the emergency department as it is associated with significant morbidity if not treated appropriately. This is especially of concern in children, where the tissue can get trapped in the growth plate. Read More

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 06 15;122(3):229-234. Epub 2020 Aug 15.

Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, 170 Juhwa-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: Endoscopically assisted malarplasty with a greenstick fracture is a method for preserving the body eminence and improving arch protrusion. However, this technique is inadequate when malar body reduction is required. To compensate for these limitations, we developed a new surgical technique using the endoscope to reduce body protrusion. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020 Jul;102(14):1260-1268

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Soft-tissue contractures about the shoulder in patients with brachial plexus birth injury are common and can lead to progressive shoulder displacement and glenohumeral dysplasia. Open or arthroscopic reduction with musculotendinous lengthening and tendon transfers have become the standard of care. The clinical function and radiographic joint remodeling beyond the first 2 years after surgery are not well understood. Read More

J Hand Surg Am 2020 Nov 4;45(11):1047-1054.e1. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge.

Purpose: To investigate if early mobilization after open reduction internal fixation of distal radius fractures improved the functional outcome. We hypothesized that early mobilization would lead to improved patient-reported outcome. Second, we aimed to assess whether early mobilization increased the risk of postoperative implant loosening or breakage. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020 15;15:1377-1390. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

NIHR Nottingham BRC Respiratory Theme, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK.

Introduction: Osteoporosis and bone fractures are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Current national guidance on COPD management recommends addressing bone health in patients, however, does not detail how. This consensus outlines key elements of a structured approach to managing bone health and fracture risk in patients with COPD. Read More

Syst Rev 2020 06 23;9(1):150. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.

Background: Seymour fractures are open, displaced juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the distal phalanx, with an overlying nail bed laceration that occur in children and adolescents with an open physis. This fracture occurs rarely, but its potential consequences are clinically significant. Due to anatomical particulars and proximity to the growth plate, this open fracture may result in soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis, leading to growth arrest and persistent mallet deformity. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2020 11 2;90(11):2325-2328. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.

Background: To introduce and evaluate an updated surgical technique for the treatment of tendinous mallet finger deformity.

Methods: From April 2017 to September 2018, 13 cases of tendinous mallet finger deformity were treated. All patients had zone I extensor tendon rupture, with no residual tendon at the insertion for suture, and no avulsion fracture in the distal phalanx. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e20219

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheoan Hospital.

Introduction: Enchondromas arise from cartilaginous cells derived from the physis that persists throughout development. They are difficult to diagnose and are often discovered on radiographs after a trauma.

Patient Concerns: We discuss the case of a 32-year-old woman with a pathologic mallet fracture of the distal phalanx that was initially misdiagnosed as common mallet fracture. Read More

Forensic Sci Int 2020 Jul 23;312:110303. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Franzosenweg 1, 06112 Halle/Saale, Germany.

Acts of violence often result in blunt force trauma. On behalf of the court, forensic experts not only have to assess injuries in terms of morphology or severity, but they also have to give statements regarding the risk of potential fatal injuries. We describe a case of domestic violence where a man hit the head of his wife using a rubber mallet. Read More

J Sport Rehabil 2020 May 1:1-5. Epub 2020 May 1.

Context: Many patients report poor therapeutic outcomes following mallet finger fracture surgery. A more reliable technique is urgently needed.

Objective: To present a novel treatment for mallet finger fractures using a 2-step orthosis method. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2020 Jul 26;45(6):574-581. Epub 2020 Apr 26.

Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Surgical treatment of bony mallet fingers is frequently recommended, but the evidence is sparse. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare nonoperative splinting versus extension-block pinning of bony mallet fingers with involvement of more than one-third of the joint surface but without primary joint subluxation. Thirty-two patients were randomized and 28 fulfilled the protocol. Read More

Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 2020 Sep;24(3):131-134

Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals and Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Extension-block pinning is a popular surgical treatment method for mallet fractures but is associated with several pitfalls. Transfixation Kirschner wires used in the extension-block pinning technique may cause iatrogenic nail bed injury, bone fragment rotation, chondral damage, or osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to determine the result of the delta wiring technique in mallet fractures with fracture fragment involving more than one-third of the distal phalanx articular surface. Read More

Chin Med J (Engl) 2020 Mar(6):657-663

Department of Hand Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China.

Background: Mallet fracture is avulsion of the terminal extensor tendon from the base of the distal phalangeal bone with a bony fragment. This study was performed to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of mallet fractures, investigate a new mallet fracture classification system using anatomical and imaging methods, and discuss the treatment schemes for different types of mallet fracture.

Methods: Sixty-four fresh cadaveric fingers were divided into four groups, and models of different types of mallet fracture with distal interphalangeal joint instability were established by dissecting 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the bilateral collateral ligaments. Read More