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Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021 May 13;64(5):590-599. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Lehrstuhl für Epidemiologie, Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, München, Deutschland.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can cause both benign and malignant tumors. To date, more than 200 HPV types have been discovered, of which 12 are currently classified as high risk for cervical cancer. HPV types that affect the anogenital tract are sexually transmitted. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Apr 13;15(1):162. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.

Background: Hidradenoma papilliferum is a rare benign neoplasm arising from apocrine glands. It occurs commonly on the anogenital region of middle-aged women. It usually presents as a slow growing, solitary asymptomatic, skin colored or red nodule less than 1 cm in diameter. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e25047

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital.

Rationale: Nevus sebaceous (NS) is a lesion caused by congenital hyperplastic disorder of the sebaceous glands. It commonly noted in the scalp and face and rarely in the trunk, neck, or oral mucosa. We present a rare case of a lesion arising in the genital region. Read More

Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;18(1):65-67

Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialty in Medical Genetics, Aydın, Turkey.

Immune system vulnerability seems to play a significant role in the development and malignant transformation of pre-malignant squamous cell lesions. Emberger syndrome is a condition that affects the immune system, which is caused by GATA2 gene mutations. Our objective was to present the gynecologic expressions of this rare syndrome in our case. Read More

J Low Genit Tract Dis 2021 Apr;25(2):142-145

Gynaecological Oncology Department, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Objective: Malignant melanoma of the female genital tract is a rare disease with poor prognosis, with controversies remaining in its staging and management. In this study, we investigate clinical, pathological, and outcome data for patients referred to a tertiary cancer center with female genital tract melanoma over a decade.

Methods: Patients were retrospectively identified using a search of pathology reports to identify all cases of female genital tract melanoma from 2007 to 2019. Read More

Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021 26;26:100299. Epub 2020 Dec 26.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.

Six own studies confirm a correlation between smoking, expression of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI, an antileukoproteinase) and expression of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), and their influence on human papilloma virus (HPV)-infections. SLPI and HPV are ligands of AnxA2. This correlation was tested on 928 tissue samples from 892 patients in six independent studies [squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), n = 522; non-neoplastic tonsils n = 214; clinically normal mucosa, n = 93 (of these n = 57 were obtained from patients treated for non-malignant diseases and n = 36 were obtained from HNSCC-patients) and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) n = 99]. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2020 21;13:13015-13022. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Department of Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China.

Primary urethral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is uncommon. This case study reports the case of a 52-year-old woman with a light red mass at the urethral orifice. Her clinical manifestations included frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, and occasionally blood in urine. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2020 Nov 30;16(1):464. Epub 2020 Nov 30.

Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 13, 10-781, Olsztyn, Poland.

Background: Genital malignant neoplasms in mares are relatively rare. The treatment involve surgical removal of the tumour masses, chemotherapy or both.

Case Presentation: Two elderly warmblood mares, aged 16 and 20 were presented in University Clinic with the lumpy lesions at the region of perineum and left labia. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Oct 27;21(21). Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.

Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5-6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2021 Jan 6;38(1):85-98. Epub 2020 Sep 6.

Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address:

Mesenchymal lesions of the vulva include site-specific entities limited to the lower genital tract, as well as a range of non-site-specific tumors that are more common at extragenital sites. Site-specific lesions include fibroepithelial stromal polyp, cellular angiofibroma, angiomyofibroblastoma, and aggressive angiomyxoma. Non-site-specific tumors that may occur in the vulva include those of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, vascular, neural, adipocytic, and uncertain differentiation. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2020 Jun 15;26(7). Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Poorly controlled and long-standing hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report a 54-year-old woman with an over 20-year history of HS, who had previously undergone wide perineal excision with secondary intention healing and presented with a painful verrucous vulvar plaque and proximal non-healing perineal wound. The patient had four perineal scouting biopsies performed and excisional biopsy with no evidence of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma on histology. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2020 11;156(11):1185-1191

Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Importance: Vulvar melanosis is a common pigmentary change that accounts for most pigmented vulvar lesions. It presents as single or multiple asymptomatic macules or patches of varying size and color that may be asymmetric with poorly defined borders. The differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions includes melanoma, which creates anxiety for patients and the physicians who diagnose the condition and treat the patients. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2020 Jul;9(4):2229-2236

Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.

Background: White lesions of the vulva are a common vulvar disease of unclear etiology. Although a variety of treatments have been used to treat the disease in clinical practice, there is currently a lack of effective radical therapies. This study aimed to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of fractional ultrapulsed CO2 laser with that of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of white lesions of the vulva. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2020 Oct 5;132:167-171. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy.

In horses, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most common malignant tumors developing on non-pigmented skin, muco-cutaneous areas, like external genitalia, and, less frequently, in the stomach. Growing evidence suggests Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) as causative agent of genital SCCs. Our case report describes a 20-year-old, female, mixed-breed pony with co-occurring vulvar papilloma and in situ carcinoma and gastric SCC. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Oct 29;47(10):917-922. Epub 2020 Jul 29.

Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Background: Malignant tumor of the vulva is the fourth gynecological malignancy in frequency. Close to 70% of all vulvar malignancies are related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Methods: A search for non-HPV-related malignant tumors of the vulva was performed in the last 20 years (2000-2020) in the pathology database of a single tertiary institution. Read More

Hum Pathol 2020 05 23;99:75-79. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA. Electronic address:

Fibroepithelial stromal polyps (FESPs) are benign polypoid mesenchymal lesions thought to arise from desmin-positive specialized stromal cells of the female genital tract. Although most cases are easily diagnosed by morphology alone, the morphology of FESPs is variable and in some instances can contain hypercellular stroma with numerous atypical desmin-positive cells, simulating botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). Recently, we encountered a cellular FESP showing desmin expression as well as nuclear immunoreactivity for the skeletal muscle-associated transcription factor MyoD1. Read More

Acta Med Port 2020 Mar 2;33(3):198-201. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Department of Gynaecology. Hospital and University Centre of Coimbra. Coimbra. Department of Gynaecology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Coimbra. Coimbra. Portugal.

Introduction: Human papillomavirus is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancer, an important portion of anogenital and oropharyngeal invasive and preinvasive lesions, as well as genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines against high-risk Human papillomavirus are commercialized in many countries worldwide.

Methods: To this non-systematic review the authors searched in MEDLINE/PubMed for systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials, published in the last six years, using the terms "HPV", "non-cervical cancer" and "vaccine". Read More

Pathol Res Pract 2020 Apr 12;216(4):152865. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Department of Pathology, North Hospital, University Hospital of St-Etienne, France.

Background: Granular cell tumor (GCT) remains a diagnostic clinicopathologic problem because the exact frequency of its detailed morphological and clinical characteristics is unknown as most observations are collected from small series or isolated cases. Herein, our aim is to highlight the frequency of all clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor based in our series and the available medical (PubMed) literature.

Material And Methods: 42 cases were evaluated for: tissue layers involved by the tumor (in skin and mucosae), growth pattern, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic index, necrosis, spindling, calcification, hyalinization, and pustule-ovoid bodies of Milian, as well as perineural and vascular invasion, and the presence of adjacent epithelium changes, and lymphocytes and eosinophils infiltration. Read More

Gynecol Oncol 2020 03 9;156(3):734-743. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333CL Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Introduction: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare malignancy with an increasing incidence, especially in young women. Surgical treatment of VSCC is associated with significant morbidity and high recurrence rates, which is related to the limited ability to distinguish (pre)malignant from healthy tissue. There is a need for new tools for specific real-time detection of occult tumor lesions and localization of cancer margins in patients with VSCC. Read More

Mod Pathol 2020 06 2;33(6):1033-1040. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Oral leukoplakia is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder with a malignant transformation rate into oral squamous cell carcinoma of 1-3% annually. The presence and grade of World Health Organization defined dysplasia is an important histological marker to assess the risk for malignant transformation, but is not sufficiently accurate to personalize treatment and surveillance. Differentiated dysplasia, known from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, is hitherto not used in oral dysplasia grading. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019 Dec;51(6):1182-1184

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China.

A 61-year-old woman was referred to our department with a 11-year-erythra. In the anterior tibia of both lower extremities, we could see large dark red infiltrating erythema, waxy luster, clear boundary, slight central atrophy, depression and capillary dilatation. He was diagnosed with "dermatitis contusiformis" in local hospitals, but the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and external drugs was not effective. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2019 Nov;7(21):3671-3682

Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

Background: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare, highly malignant small round cell tumors belonging to the Ewing sarcoma family. The purpose of this article is to present clinical manifestation, histology, treatment, and prognosis of two primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) in extremely rare anatomic locations, the abdominal wall and vulva.

Case Summary: Case 1 was a 66-month-old girl with lesions on the abdominal wall; tumor size was about 3. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2019 Sep;27(3):195-197

Ivana Škrinjar, MD, Department of Oral Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of genital and extragenital skin (1). Simultaneous involvement of the oral mucosa is extremely rare, but it may be the only affected area (2). A 55-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb due to whitish lesions on the right ventrolateral part of the tongue and buccal mucosa with desquamative gingivitis (Figure 1, a-c). Read More

Vet World 2019 Jun 11;12(6):778-782. Epub 2019 Jun 11.

Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.

Aims: This study aimed to provide a summary of all online available literature of published clinical and histopathological data regarding tumors affecting the reproductive tract of female sheep and goats. In addition, a detailed description of the clinical history, clinical findings, and gross and histopathological findings of one case of vaginal fibroma in an adult Awassi sheep is provided for the first time.

Materials And Methods: Internet search engines such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to collect all published articles in refereed journals from 2000 to 2018 regarding tumors and tumor-like lesions involving the reproductive tract of ewes and does. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Aug 19. Epub 2019 Aug 19.

Department of Dermatology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC. Electronic address:

The prevalence of acute vulvovaginal involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis may be as high as 70%; up to 28% of females will also develop chronic vulvovaginal sequelae. There is little consensus regarding prevention and treatment of the gynecological sequelae of both Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). We review acute and chronic sequelae including erosions, scar formation, chronic skin changes, urethral complications, adenosis and malignant transformation, vulvodynia and dyspareunia. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2019 Aug;41(8):1221-1234

Winnipeg, MB (GOC).

Objective: The primary objective of this document is to clarify the indications for pelvic examination.

Intended Users: Physicians, including gynaecologists, obstetricians, family physicians, and emergency physicians; nurses, including registered nurses and nurse practitioners; midwives, including midwives in clinical practice and midwifery trainees; medical trainees, including medical students, residents, and fellows; and all other health care providers who care for women.

Target Population: This publication provides evidence and expert-based recommendations for pelvic examination in adult women (18 years and older) both with and without gynaecologic symptoms. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 3;31:76. Epub 2018 Oct 3.

Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Fattouma Bourguiba de Monastir, Rue du 1 Juin 1955, Monastir 5000, Tunisie.

We here report the case of a 58-year old nulliparous patient with a history of Niemann-Pick disease who presented with vulvoperineal, fluctuant, fistulized swelling measuring 10 cm associated with ulceration. The patient was febrile with impaired general state This mass caused some concern about necrotic and infected malignant tumor of the vulva associated with chronic dermatosis. Incision and purulent drainage associated with multiple biopsies excluded the presence of a neoplastic process. Read More

Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2018 Dec;39(2-3):127-130

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital, Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia.

Fibroepithelial stromal polyps of vulva are the type of mesenchymal lesion that typically occurs in women of reproductive period. They are common, usually small and hystologically benign. Larger lesions are rare and likely arise from proliferation of mesenchymal cells within the hormonally sensitive subepithelial stromal layer of the lower genital tract. Read More

Acta Cytol 2019 13;63(2):97-99. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil,

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a group of small DNA viruses that, with around 350 million years of evolution, acquired the capacity of infecting a broad range of vertebrates, including humans. To date, more than 300 PV types have been isolated. Viruses that have a long common evolutionary history with their host typically cause unapparent infections. Read More

Int J Urol 2019 03 3;26(3):353-357. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Objective: To determine the incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia in the Netherlands using a nationwide histopathology registry and to discuss the nomenclature of premalignant penile lesions.

Methods: Data from patients in the Netherlands diagnosed with a premalignant penile lesion between January 1998 and December 2007 were collected from the nationwide histopathology registry (PALGA); this database covers all pathology reports of inhabitants in the Netherlands. The premalignant lesions included were erythroplasia of Queyrat; Bowen's disease; bowenoid papulosis; mild, moderate and severe dysplasia; and carcinoma in situ of the penis. Read More