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J Clin Pathol 2021 Jul 11;74(7):429-434. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Clinical workflows in oncology depend on predictive and prognostic biomarkers. However, the growing number of complex biomarkers contributes to costly and delayed decision-making in routine oncology care and treatment. As cancer is expected to rank as the leading cause of death and the single most important barrier to increasing life expectancy in the 21st century, there is a major emphasis on precision medicine, particularly individualisation of treatment through better prediction of patient outcome. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2021 ;2274:193-206

Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Fluorescence (FL)-guided detection of cancer is one of the most promising approaches to achieve intraoperative assessment of surgical margins. Enzymes, such as aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, and glycosidase, whose activities are increased in cancer, have attracted great interest as imaging targets for rapid and sensitive visualization of cancerous tissues with fluorescent probes. Activatable probes, which are initially nonfluorescent but become strongly fluorescent upon rapid one-step cleavage of their substrate moiety by the target enzyme, are especially promising for practical clinical application during surgical or endoscopic procedures due to the highly amplified FL change generated by enzyme-catalyzed turnover at lesion sites. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211018575

Department of Thoracic Surgery II, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Synchronous double primary lung squamous carcinoma (sDPLSCC) is rare and difficult to distinguish from metastatic disease, histopathologically. Owing to the heterogeneity of cancer, it is also difficult to select the optimal therapeutic strategy for patients with multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC). The present study reports a rare case of a 61-year-old male patient with sDPLSCC diagnosed using histology and genetic profiling. Read More

Andrology 2021 May 25. Epub 2021 May 25.

Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Background: Gynecomastia (GM) is the benign proliferation of glandular tissue in the male breast. It is a common condition, which may occur physiologically and shows three age peaks during a male's lifespan: infancy, puberty, and senescence. An underlying pathology may be revealed in 45%-50% of adult men with GM, such as aggravating medications, systemic diseases, obesity, endocrinopathies, or malignancy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5). Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare progressive neurological disorder characterised by painful muscle spasms and progressive muscle rigidity, leading in some cases to impaired ambulation. Anti-amphiphysin positive SPS is a paraneoplastic variant, frequently associated with breast carcinomas and small cell lung cancers. We report the case of a 53-year-old patient who developed symptoms of anti-amphiphysin positive SPS 3 years before being diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 11;38:154. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Service de Chirurgie Plastique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.

Mammary myofibroblastoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor. Extramammary myofibroblastomas are particularly rare. We here report the case of a 78-year-old man presenting with pelvic pain relieved by defecation or urination. Read More

Breast J 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.

Breast density notification laws have been adopted in the absence of consistent guidelines for post-notification follow-up. This can lead to inconsistent and potentially deficient management of women's health due to inconsistent physician practices. We examined physicians' knowledge and practices regarding follow-up for patients who receive density notifications. Read More

Magn Reson Med 2021 09 8;86(3):1505-1513. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Purpose: High spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI is a spectroscopic imaging method focusing on water and fat resonances that has good diagnostic utility in breast imaging. The purpose of this work was to assess the feasibility and potential utility of HiSS MRI for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Methods: HiSS MRI was acquired at 3 T from six patients who underwent prostatectomy, yielding a train of 127 phase-coherent gradient echo (GRE) images. Read More

Anticancer Res 2021 May;41(5):2689-2696

Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.

Background/aim: The COVID-19 lockdown includes restrictive measures and temporary health system reorganization. Resources were shifted to COVID-19 patients, screening programs were temporary suspended, and oncological care suffered slow-down. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of these measures on breast cancer patients. Read More

Anticancer Res 2021 May;41(5):2473-2476

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.

Background/aim: During surgery for patients with known, diffuse metastatic bone disease (MBD), lesional tissue is routinely sent for pathological evaluation. However, there are limited data to assess whether there is a role for histopathology for MBD despite time and cost of interpretation, as well as whether a positive sample changes the subsequent treatment course.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-six cases from 2017 to 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2021 19;11:21. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Radiology, Pôle Santé République, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Most of male breast masses are benign with gynecomastia being the most common entity encountered. Primary male breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of the total number of breast cancer. Male breast can be affected by a variety of conditions affecting the female breast with less frequency due to the lack of hormonal influence and consequent glandular sub-development. Read More

J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021 May 3;22(5):97-109. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to estimate and compare breast and lung doses of chest CT scans using organ-based tube current modulation (OBTCM) to those from conventional, attenuation-based automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) across a range of patient sizes.

Methods: Thirty-four patients (17 females, 17 males) who underwent clinically indicated CT chest/abdomen/pelvis (CAP) examinations employing OBTCM were collected from two multi-detector row CT scanners. Patient size metric was assessed as water equivalent diameter (D ) taken at the center of the scan volume. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021 Apr;101(16):1154-1159

Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.

To describe the clinical manifestations, neuroimaging, cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) cytology and prognosis of Leptomeningeal metastases(LM). The clinical manifestations, imaging features and CSF cytology of LM patients admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital from May 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) was evaluated by the time from the diagnosis of LM to death. Read More

BMJ 2021 04 15;373:n750. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of General Surgery, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, UK.

J Endovasc Ther 2021 Jun 15;28(3):474-480. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: Intravascular embolization of hemodialysis and central venous catheters is a rare but potentially serious complication. With the increasing use of catheters in medical practice, we are often faced with this type of complication. Novel, simple, and low-cost techniques are needed for foreign body extraction in order to reduce cardiovascular risks. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2021 18;38:50. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Regional Institute of Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Introduction: breast cancer is the commonest malignant disease in Ghanaian women and accounts for 17% of cancer-related deaths in the country. It has been classified into molecular subtypes depending on the presence or absence of hormone receptors and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Computed tomography is often the preferred modality for monitoring metastatic disease due to its ability to determine the extent of local and metastatic disease. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):497

Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China.

Background: Due to the variety of clinical presentation, some tumors may be concealed and easily misdiagnosed, leading to delays in management. We report a series of patients who initially presented to an Ophthalmic Clinic with ocular symptoms and were subsequently diagnosed with extraocular tumors.

Methods: Patients who presented to the ophthalmic outpatient clinic at the Joint Shantou International Eye Center with ocular symptoms between April 2013 and December 2019 and were subsequently diagnosed with intracranial or systemic tumors were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(15):e25494

Department of Radiology, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544.

Abstract: Recent breakthrough results from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have paved the way to a new era of cancer immunotherapy, and have thus led to a paradigm shift of cancer treatment. In particular, inhibition of the antiprogrammed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis with ICI, including nivolumab and pembrolizumab, has been emerging as a novel treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancers. An accurate noninvasive assessment of the response to ICI is important for the management of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;56(4):363-368

Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the 960th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Jinan 250031, China.

To evaluate the complications of Da Vinci robotic thyroid surgery by bilateral axillo-breast approach. A retrospective analysis of complications was conducted on 1, 198 cases of Da Vinci robotic thyroid surgery by bilateral axillo-breast approach of the 960 th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from February 2014 to March 2020. There were 263 men and 935 women, age ranged from 9 to 68 years old, and included 288 benign lesions and 910 malignancies according to preoperative imaging examination, FNAC, and intraoperative frozen pathology. Read More

Int Cancer Conf J 2021 Apr 10;10(2):107-111. Epub 2021 Jan 10.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543 Japan.

We herein report on a male with primary accessory breast cancer in an axilla. A 75-year-old man first noticed a subcutaneous nodule about 2 cm in diameter in the area of his right axilla. The patient underwent extirpation of the mass in a public hospital. Read More

EBioMedicine 2021 Apr 19;66:103288. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, KU Leuven, Belgium.

Background: The antifungal drug itraconazole exerts in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero and human Caco-2 cells. Preclinical and clinical studies are required to investigate if itraconazole is effective for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19.

Methods: Due to the initial absence of preclinical models, the effect of itraconazole was explored in a clinical, proof-of-concept, open-label, single-center study, in which hospitalized COVID-19 patients were randomly assigned to standard of care with or without itraconazole. Read More

Breast Dis 2021 Mar 19. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Breast Cancer Surgery Unit, Army General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Cysts represent the most common cause of a breast mass in women. On the contrary, in men, the presence of a benign apocrine cyst is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We describe herein a case of benign apocrine breast cyst without concurrent gynecomastia in a 41-year-old male. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2021 03 1;4(3):e211936. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Importance: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping agents approved for current surgical practice lack sufficient brightness and target specificity for high-contrast, sensitive nodal visualization.

Objective: To evaluate whether an ultrasmall, molecularly targeted core-shell silica nanoparticle (Cornell prime dots) can safely and reliably identify optically avid SLNs in head and neck melanoma during fluorescence-guided biopsy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nonrandomized clinical trial enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with histologically confirmed melanoma in whom SLN mapping was indicated. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(11):e24373

Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.

Rationale: Brain metastasis of male breast cancer is extremely rare, and the pathological changes between the primary tumor and the metastatic brain tumor have not been reported. Herein, we report for the first time a case of male breast cancer with metastasis to the parietal lobe with subtype conversion after metastasis.

Patient Concerns: we describe a 45-year-old male patient admitted for an incidentally found brain tumor after a motorcycle accident. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e24974

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Rationale: Custom-made implant is an accepted treatment option for treatment of chest deformity in Poland syndrome. Unlike the raised concerns and awareness for the long-term consequences of breast implants, the long-term complications of customized implants for special purposes like Poland syndrome has not been reported in the literature.

Patient Concerns: A 44-year-old male with Poland syndrome presented to our institution complaining of a large bulge and fluctuation on the right chest wall. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:631666. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), prostate cancer (PC) and breast cancer (BC) are among the most common cancers worldwide with well-established screening strategies. We aim to investigate the effectiveness and compliance of a one-stop screening service for CRC, PC and BC. Asymptomatic subjects aged 50-75 years were invited. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Mar 24;80:105696. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Breast Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.

Introduction And Importance: The initial misdiagnosis and delayed treatment for inflammatory breast cancer in men is brought about by its rarity and lack of readily available guidelines on pathways.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old male presented to the breast clinic with an abscess and was later diagnosed with inflammatory breast cancer. He presented with an abscess and was initially treated with antibiotics. Read More

Front Oncol 2020 16;10:607235. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: To develop and validate an imaging-radiomics model for the diagnosis of male benign and malignant breast lesions.

Methods: Ninety male patients who underwent preoperative mammography from January 2011 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study (63 in the training cohort and 27 in the validation cohort). The region of interest was segmented into a mediolateral oblique view, and 104 radiomics features were extracted. Read More

Lancet Oncol 2021 03;22(3):341-350

Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

Background: In addition to increased availability of treatment modalities, advanced imaging modalities are increasingly recommended to improve global cancer care. However, estimates of the costs and benefits of investments to improve cancer survival are scarce, especially for low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this analysis, we aimed to estimate the costs and lifetime health and economic benefits of scaling up imaging and treatment modality packages on cancer survival, both globally and by country income group. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2021 06;46(6):488-490

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, University of Health and Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.

Abstract: Leptomeningeal metastasis is the metastatic spread of the disease to leptomeninges from solid tumors such as breast, lung cancer, and melanoma. Cauda equine syndrome is a neurological condition caused by compression of the cauda equine. The incidence of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in resected lung cancers appears to be 2. Read More