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Dermatol Online J 2019 Sep 15;25(9). Epub 2019 Sep 15.

Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

We report a rare case of vulvar Majocchi granuloma and kerion formation secondary to Trichophyton in an immunocompetent woman. The patient responded well to oral terbinafine and a short course of oral corticosteroids with a slow taper. Resolution of deep dermatophytosis requires prompt pathogen identification and treatment to avoid scarring and hair loss. Read More

Med Mycol Case Rep 2019 Dec 21;26:19-22. Epub 2019 Sep 21.

Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.

We report on a family of three in a rabbit farm, especially children with Majocchi granuloma as the main clinical feature of cross-infection of , provides experience in reducing the rate of clinical misdiagnosis. Based on the pathological features of Majocchi's granuloma, taking into account that severe inflammatory reactions are also responsible for the damage of the body. In Majocchi's granuloma treatment strategy, we recommend the use of anti-inflammatory Chinese medicines that have a hormonal effect and have no side effects. Read More

Cureus 2019 Aug 5;11(8):e5325. Epub 2019 Aug 5.

Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.

We present two cases of tinea corporis caused by  and  in a teenage girl who works with farm animals. We describe the differences in presentation between zoophilic dermatophytes and anthropophilic dermatophytes. Also, we report some of the typical features of the two rare species,  and . Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2019 Aug 12:1-2. Epub 2019 Aug 12.

c Dermatology Service, Mycology Department, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" , Mexico , Mexico.

Mycopathologia 2020 Feb 11;185(1):187-192. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Dermatophytic granuloma characterized by perifollicular granulomatous inflammation was first described by Domenico Majocchi and was later named after him, Majocchi's granuloma (MG). Although the initial description was related to a dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans, later reports linked MG to non-dermatophytes (Phoma, Aspergillus, Malbranchea), which led to a confusion of disease patterns caused by cutaneous pathogens and general opportunistic microorganisms. Furthermore, several causative agents of MG described in the literature were not confirmed as such. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Dec 15;24(12). Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Federal University of Paraná Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná.

Majocchi granuloma (MG) is a rare dermal and subcutaneous fungal infection. We report a rare case of MG on the face of a six-year-old child caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes after long term use of topical corticosteroids and other inadequate topical medications. He was treated with griseofulvin 25 mg/kg/day for 35 days unsuccessfully and successful treatment was obtained with terbinafine. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2019 Oct 13;91(4):274-275. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Francesc de Borja, Gandía, Valencia, España. Electronic address:

Rev Chilena Infectol 2018 04;35(2):204-206

Sección de Micología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea. González, Ciudad de México, México.

Exotic pets, such as the ground hedgehog, are capable of transmitting to the human being different zoonoses, such as salmonellosis, mycobacteria, protozoa such as Cryptosporidium parvum, and dermatophytosis. We present the case report of a male adult patient, who had recently acquired a ground hedgehog, who presented in his hand a ringworm lesion incognito and a Majocchi granuloma. The etiological agent was identified as Trichophyton erinacei by mycological culture and molecular biology. Read More

J Mycol Med 2018 Sep 1;28(3):523-526. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Medical Mycology and Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Majocchi's granuloma is a folliculitis caused by dermatophytes, which is most commonly located on the skin of the lower limbs in women. A favorable factor for the infection is an injury caused by epilation, which, together with an existing fungal infection, can lead to the spread of folliculitis to other parts of the body. The disease is extremely rare (Burgdorf et al. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2018 Jan 10;31(1):115-116. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

Center for Clinical Studies, Houston, Texas.

We present a case of Majocchi granuloma, a deep folliculitis, on the lip of a healthy 41-year-old man. The patient was successfully treated with systemic and topical antifungal medications. Correct diagnosis of this rare condition is needed, since misdiagnosis as an inflammatory dermatitis and treatment using topical corticosteroids can lead to dissemination of the infection. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2018 Jun 25;20(3):e12869. Epub 2018 Mar 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

A 61-year-old Caucasian man presented with papules on his left forearm and hand three months after liver transplantation: images from physical exam, pathology, and microbiology are presented. Skin biopsy confirmed the presence of fungal elements within the hair shaft, which is consistent with Majocchi granuloma, also known as nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis. A combination of fungal culture, microscopic morphology, and gene sequencing was used to identify the causative organism. Read More

CMAJ 2017 Dec;189(48):E1493

Departments of Pathology (Roy) and Dermatology (Davar), Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.

Transpl Infect Dis 2018 Feb 25;20(1). Epub 2018 Jan 25.

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Necker-Pasteur Infectious Diseases Center, Necker-Enfants malades Hospital, AP-HP, IHU Imagine, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.

Objective: Severe dermatophytosis is described in immunocompromised patients with defective cellular immunity. We report here a large series and a literature review of severe dermatophytosis in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients.

Method: The data main source was a national French retrospective study of severe dermatophytosis in SOT recipients between 2010 and 2016. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2017 Nov 20;56(11):1139-1145. Epub 2017 Sep 20.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Majocchi granuloma (MG) is a rare dermal and subcutaneous granulomatous inflammation caused by dermatophytes. The detailed characteristics of MG are not fully elucidated. This study investigated the influence of systemic immune status, age, and sex on the clinical, demographic, mycological, and therapeutic characteristics of MG in Korea. Read More

Med Mycol Case Rep 2017 Dec 6;18:5-7. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

Public Health Microbiology Forensic and Scientific Services, Health Support Queensland, Australia.

Severe dermatophyte infection is rare in immunocompetent adults. Recently cases have been described in travelers returning from South East Asia (Luchsinger et al., 2015) [1]. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2017 Jul - Sep;34(3):185-188. Epub 2017 Apr 25.

Dermatology, Hospital Geral Policlínica do Rio de Janeiro and Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Dermatophytoses are skin superficial mycoses in which clinical manifestations are directly related to the virulence of the infecting microorganism or the host immunity.

Case Report: We describe a severe case of dermatophytosis associated with exfoliative erythroderma, substantial palmoplantar keratoderma, onychodystrophy affecting all nails, diffuse non-scarring alopecia and tissue fungal invasion by Trichophyton tonsurans, which led us to the diagnosis of AIDS. Direct examination and culture for fungi from skin scraping from two different sites were performed. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2016 Feb 3;1(3):111-3. Epub 2015 Sep 3.

Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 'Attikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Majocchi's granuloma (MG) is an uncommon deep fungal infection. It is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum and may develop in any hair-bearing skin, commonly on the face and the extremities. We present a 27-year-old female with MG of the pubic area treated unsuccessfully with itraconazole capsule 100 mg for 4 weeks. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2016 Sep 28;107(7):610-2. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

Department of Dermatology, ESIPGIMSR Basaidarapur, New Delhi, 15, India.

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2017 Jan - Feb;108(1):e6-e8. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

Department of Dermatology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Majocchi granuloma is an uncommon deep follicular inflammation caused by dermatophytes and affects immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The clinical findings overlap with other skin conditions such bacterial infections and inflammatory skin diseases, thereby delaying correct diagnosis. We describe 2 cases in immunocompetent patients. Read More

Semergen 2016 Nov - Dec;42(8):599-600. Epub 2015 Dec 3.

Centro de Salud Reyes Magos, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Área Este, Madrid, España.

Dermatol Ther 2016 May 2;29(3):181-3. Epub 2015 Nov 2.

University of Rome "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy.

We present a rare case of 36-year-old female patient, who developed a severe Majocchi granuloma in the pubis after waxing, with isolated causative agent Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The condition was initially misdiagnosed as a bacterial folliculitis and treated unsuccessfully with topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. After the adequate diagnose was confirmed by mycological examination, followed by histopathological verification, complete remission of the symptoms was achieved at the 4th week after initiating 6 weeks course of antifungal therapy with Terbinafine 250 mg/daily dose, while good therapeutic response was observed even in the 10th day. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2014 Aug;124(2 Pt 2 Suppl 1):423-5

Departments of Dermatology, the First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, and Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Majocchi granuloma is a cutaneous dermatophyte infection of the dermal and subcutaneous tissues characterized by chronic erythematous and indurated plaques, which are almost always the result of immunodeficiency and trauma.

Case: Disseminated dermatophyte Majocchi granuloma was diagnosed in a 19-year-old woman at 32 weeks of gestation and had no history of trauma or chronic illness. She was treated with topical antifungal medications until delivery, at which time systemic medications were started. Read More

Hautarzt 2014 Aug;65(8):721-4

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Gaffkystr. 14, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland,

A patient presented with Majocchi granuloma caused by T. rubrum. By the use of optical brighteners, fungal elements in the deep dermis could be detected more sensitive than with PAS staining. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2014 Sep;32(27):e92-4

Dermatol Online J 2013 Aug 15;19(8):19260. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

SUNY Downstate.

Atypical mycobacterial infections are more commonly described among immunocompromised patients, although there has been an increasing incidence in recent years of infections in immunocompetent hosts. Normally preceding trauma is a risk factor for infection. We describe a case of Mycobacteria chelonae infection in a healthy individual with no risk factors. Read More

J Dermatol Case Rep 2012 Sep;6(3):70-2

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk for infections because of long-term immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Fungal infections with dermatophytes are a common cause of cutaneous infections seen in organ transplant recipients and cutaneous dermatophyte infections may progress to Majocchi's granuloma. Itraconazole is an anti-fungal compound used for the treatment of infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes. Read More

ISRN Dermatol 2011 12;2011:767589. Epub 2011 Apr 12.

Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.

Background. Wrestlers are at increased risk of developing cutaneous infections, including fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. Erythematous lesions due to tinea infections can be mistakenly diagnosed as an inflammatory dermatitis and incorrectly treated with potent topical corticosteroid treatments which cause localized skin immunosuppression. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2011 Jul-Aug;86(4):797-8

Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

We report the case of a man of 45 with superficial dermatophytosis longtime inadvertently treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with subsequent progression to the deep form, known as granuloma Majocchi. Treatment with orally terbinafine was successful. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2011 Mar;83(6):753-4

HealthPartners, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Mycoses 2011 Jul 6;54(4):361-2. Epub 2010 Apr 6.

Clin Dermatol 2010 Mar;28(2):133-6

Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel "Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz," Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Inflammatory tinea capitis is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to a dermatophytic infection. The usual forms are favus, kerion celsi, dermatophytic Majocchi granuloma, and mycetoma. Inflammatory tinea capitis can be caused by Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T tonsurans, T rubrum, and M gypseum. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2007 Jul;5(7):591-3

Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Unievrsität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

A 68-year-old man presented with a one month history of painful blue-red papules and nodules on an erythematous base on the top of his feet, as well as dystrophic toenails. He had undergone renal transplantation six months previously for membranous glomerulonephritis, and was immunosuppressed with tacrolimus 3 g, mycophenolate mofetil 1500 mg and prednisolone 5 mg daily. His tacrolimus level was 29. Read More

Acta Cytol 2007 May-Jun;51(3):424-8

Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology Service, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the skin is useful in subcutaneous lesions. Dermatophytes are almost exclusively superficial cutaneous mycoses and constitute 70-80% of all mycoses and 5% of dermatologic consultations. Inflammatory and invasive forms, as well as infections that remain in chronic forms or persist in spite of treatment, are more frequent in immunocompromised individuals. Read More

Mycoses 1997 ;40 Suppl 1:73-5

Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt-Städtisches Klinikum-, Hautklinik, Dresden, BR Deutschland.

We report on a 75 year old patient with a bronchial asthma treated at least for 15 years with low dose prednisolone. Under this treatment he developed a tinea follicularis and was demonstrated in our clinic with papulopustular skin lesions on both forearms, left malleolus and left thigh. We saw tender to touch granulomata on erythematosquamous atrophic skin. Read More

Dermatol Clin 1996 Jan;14(1):51-55

Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.

Majocchi granuloma was described naturally in situations of occlusion and later from superficial trauma such as shaving. More recently, the disease has occurred in the immunocompromised patient. Iatrogenic disease (tinea incognito) is a new and more subtle form. Read More

Hautarzt 1976 Jul;27(7):318-27

A patient with chronic polyarthritis is reported who was treated with corticosteroids over several years and also received azathioprine. The patient developed extensive tinea pedum and corporis which was suddenly complicated by multiple subcutaneous abscesses caused by the same organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This type of dermatophytosis has only rarely been described. Read More

Cesk Dermatol 1963 Aug;38:269-72

Actas Dermosifiliogr 1947 Feb;38(5):506-10