Rev Iberoam Micol 2017 Apr 24. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

Dermatology, Hospital Geral Policlínica do Rio de Janeiro and Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI) Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Dermatophytoses are skin superficial mycoses in which clinical manifestations are directly related to the virulence of the infecting microorganism or the host immunity.

Case Report: We describe a severe case of dermatophytosis associated with exfoliative erythroderma, substantial palmoplantar keratoderma, onychodystrophy affecting all nails, diffuse non-scarring alopecia and tissue fungal invasion by Trichophyton tonsurans, which led us to the diagnosis of AIDS. Direct examination and culture for fungi from skin scraping from two different sites were performed. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2016 Feb 3;1(3):111-3. Epub 2015 Sep 3.

Second Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 'Attikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Majocchi's granuloma (MG) is an uncommon deep fungal infection. It is usually caused by Trichophyton rubrum and may develop in any hair-bearing skin, commonly on the face and the extremities. We present a 27-year-old female with MG of the pubic area treated unsuccessfully with itraconazole capsule 100 mg for 4 weeks. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2016 Sep 28;107(7):610-2. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

Department of Dermatology, ESIPGIMSR Basaidarapur, New Delhi, 15, India.

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2017 Jan - Feb;108(1):e6-e8. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

Department of Dermatology at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Majocchi granuloma is an uncommon deep follicular inflammation caused by dermatophytes and affects immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The clinical findings overlap with other skin conditions such bacterial infections and inflammatory skin diseases, thereby delaying correct diagnosis. We describe 2 cases in immunocompetent patients. Read More

Semergen 2016 Nov - Dec;42(8):599-600. Epub 2015 Dec 3.

Centro de Salud Reyes Magos, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Área Este, Madrid, España.

Dermatol Ther 2016 May 2;29(3):181-3. Epub 2015 Nov 2.

University of Rome "G. Marconi", Rome, Italy.

We present a rare case of 36-year-old female patient, who developed a severe Majocchi granuloma in the pubis after waxing, with isolated causative agent Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The condition was initially misdiagnosed as a bacterial folliculitis and treated unsuccessfully with topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. After the adequate diagnose was confirmed by mycological examination, followed by histopathological verification, complete remission of the symptoms was achieved at the 4th week after initiating 6 weeks course of antifungal therapy with Terbinafine 250 mg/daily dose, while good therapeutic response was observed even in the 10th day. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2014 Aug;124(2 Pt 2 Suppl 1):423-5

Departments of Dermatology, the First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, and Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Majocchi granuloma is a cutaneous dermatophyte infection of the dermal and subcutaneous tissues characterized by chronic erythematous and indurated plaques, which are almost always the result of immunodeficiency and trauma.

Case: Disseminated dermatophyte Majocchi granuloma was diagnosed in a 19-year-old woman at 32 weeks of gestation and had no history of trauma or chronic illness. She was treated with topical antifungal medications until delivery, at which time systemic medications were started. Read More

Hautarzt 2014 Aug;65(8):721-4

Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Standort Gießen, Gaffkystr. 14, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland,

A patient presented with Majocchi granuloma caused by T. rubrum. By the use of optical brighteners, fungal elements in the deep dermis could be detected more sensitive than with PAS staining. Read More

J Clin Oncol 2014 Sep;32(27):e92-4

Dermatol Online J 2013 Aug 15;19(8):19260. Epub 2013 Aug 15.

SUNY Downstate.

Atypical mycobacterial infections are more commonly described among immunocompromised patients, although there has been an increasing incidence in recent years of infections in immunocompetent hosts. Normally preceding trauma is a risk factor for infection. We describe a case of Mycobacteria chelonae infection in a healthy individual with no risk factors. Read More

J Dermatol Case Rep 2012 Sep;6(3):70-2

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk for infections because of long-term immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Fungal infections with dermatophytes are a common cause of cutaneous infections seen in organ transplant recipients and cutaneous dermatophyte infections may progress to Majocchi's granuloma. Itraconazole is an anti-fungal compound used for the treatment of infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes. Read More

ISRN Dermatol 2011 12;2011:767589. Epub 2011 Apr 12.

Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8.

Background. Wrestlers are at increased risk of developing cutaneous infections, including fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. Erythematous lesions due to tinea infections can be mistakenly diagnosed as an inflammatory dermatitis and incorrectly treated with potent topical corticosteroid treatments which cause localized skin immunosuppression. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2011 Jul-Aug;86(4):797-8

Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

We report the case of a man of 45 with superficial dermatophytosis longtime inadvertently treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids with subsequent progression to the deep form, known as granuloma Majocchi. Treatment with orally terbinafine was successful. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2011 Mar;83(6):753-4

HealthPartners, St. Paul, MN, USA.

Mycoses 2011 Jul 6;54(4):361-2. Epub 2010 Apr 6.

Clin Dermatol 2010 Mar;28(2):133-6

Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel "Dr. Huberto Bogaert Díaz," Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

Inflammatory tinea capitis is the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to a dermatophytic infection. The usual forms are favus, kerion celsi, dermatophytic Majocchi granuloma, and mycetoma. Inflammatory tinea capitis can be caused by Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T tonsurans, T rubrum, and M gypseum. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2007 Jul;5(7):591-3

Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Unievrsität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

A 68-year-old man presented with a one month history of painful blue-red papules and nodules on an erythematous base on the top of his feet, as well as dystrophic toenails. He had undergone renal transplantation six months previously for membranous glomerulonephritis, and was immunosuppressed with tacrolimus 3 g, mycophenolate mofetil 1500 mg and prednisolone 5 mg daily. His tacrolimus level was 29. Read More

Acta Cytol 2007 May-Jun;51(3):424-8

Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology Service, University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the skin is useful in subcutaneous lesions. Dermatophytes are almost exclusively superficial cutaneous mycoses and constitute 70-80% of all mycoses and 5% of dermatologic consultations. Inflammatory and invasive forms, as well as infections that remain in chronic forms or persist in spite of treatment, are more frequent in immunocompromised individuals. Read More

Mycoses 1997 ;40 Suppl 1:73-5

Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt-Städtisches Klinikum-, Hautklinik, Dresden, BR Deutschland.

We report on a 75 year old patient with a bronchial asthma treated at least for 15 years with low dose prednisolone. Under this treatment he developed a tinea follicularis and was demonstrated in our clinic with papulopustular skin lesions on both forearms, left malleolus and left thigh. We saw tender to touch granulomata on erythematosquamous atrophic skin. Read More

Dermatol Clin 1996 Jan;14(1):51-55

Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.

Majocchi granuloma was described naturally in situations of occlusion and later from superficial trauma such as shaving. More recently, the disease has occurred in the immunocompromised patient. Iatrogenic disease (tinea incognito) is a new and more subtle form. Read More

Hautarzt 1976 Jul;27(7):318-27

A patient with chronic polyarthritis is reported who was treated with corticosteroids over several years and also received azathioprine. The patient developed extensive tinea pedum and corporis which was suddenly complicated by multiple subcutaneous abscesses caused by the same organism, Trichophyton rubrum. This type of dermatophytosis has only rarely been described. Read More

Cesk Dermatol 1963 Aug;38:269-72

Actas Dermosifiliogr 1947 Feb;38(5):506-10