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Radiol Med 2020 Jul 13. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

Department of Pathology and Diagnostics - Radiology Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.

The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) provides recommendations for breast care provision and procedural prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic, being aware that medical decisions must be currently taken balancing patient's individual and community safety: (1) patients having a scheduled or to-be-scheduled appointment for in-depth diagnostic breast imaging or needle biopsy should confirm the appointment or obtain a new one; (2) patients who have suspicious symptoms of breast cancer (in particular: new onset palpable nodule; skin or nipple retraction; orange peel skin; unilateral secretion from the nipple) should request non-deferrable tests at radiology services; (3) asymptomatic women performing annual mammographic follow-up after breast cancer treatment should preferably schedule the appointment within 1 year and 3 months from the previous check, compatibly with the local organizational conditions; (4) asymptomatic women who have not responded to the invitation for screening mammography after the onset of the pandemic or have been informed of the suspension of the screening activity should schedule the check preferably within 3 months from the date of the not performed check, compatibly with local organizational conditions. The Italian College of Breast Radiologists by SIRM recommends precautions to protect both patients and healthcare workers (radiologists, radiographers, nurses, and reception staff) from infection or disease spread on the occasion of breast imaging procedures, particularly mammography, breast ultrasound, breast magnetic resonance imaging, and breast intervention procedures. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2020 Aug 20;129:109130. Epub 2020 Jun 20.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Division of Breast Imaging, 55 Fruit Street, WAC 240, Boston, MA 02114, United States. Electronic address:

Purpose: To determine if pre-operative MRI is useful for identifying additional disease that would impact surgical management in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive women with calcifications at mammography yielding DCIS at core biopsy from 2007 to 2016 who subsequently underwent MRI examinations. Patient characteristics, imaging findings, and pathology outcomes were collected from the medical records. Read More

Ann Intern Med 2020 Jul 7. Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (N.K.S.).

Background: Surveillance with annual mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for female survivors of childhood cancer treated with chest radiation, yet benefits, harms, and costs are uncertain.

Objective: To compare the benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening strategies in childhood cancer survivors.

Design: Collaborative simulation modeling using 2 Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models. Read More

Breast Cancer 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Overseas, the importance for breast MRI screening for high-risk groups has been shown. However, the evidence among Japanese population was lacking. Therefore, we collaborated with the "Study on clinical and genetic characterization of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and improvement in prognosis using genetic information in Japan" group, as part of the Comprehensive Research Project on the Promotion of Cancer Control, Health and Labour Sciences Research, and have been conducting the study entitled, "Study of the usefulness of MRI surveillance of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers" since 2014. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: EUSOMA's recommendation that "each patient has to be fully informed about each step in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway" could be supported by guideline-based clinical decision trees (CDTs). The Dutch breast cancer guideline has been modeled into CDTs ( www.oncoguide. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.

Purpose: Women at an elevated lifetime risk for breast cancer (BC), including carriers of pathogenic mutations in BC predisposition genes, are recommended intensified BC screening that includes annual mammography (MG) and annual breast MRI. Controversy exists regarding the clinical utility of MRI as a screening tool in high-risk women. This paper is intended to review recent advances and remaining areas of uncertainty in order to further facilitate the incorporation of breast MRI into an intensified BC screening protocol for women at high familial risk and BRCA carriers. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Department of Breast Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong Province, China.

Objectives: To analyze the features of digital mammography (DM) plus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of breast cancer in young women (≤30 years old) and the correlation with molecular subtypes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of imaging features of consecutive young women aged ≤30 years who were treated and surgically confirmed with breast cancer between January 2013 and December 2019 in our institution. All patients were Chinese women. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 Jun 11;72:255-259. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.

Introduction: Lymphangiomas are benign cystic tumors which arise from congenital malformations of the lymphatic system and are extremely rare in adulthood. We report a case of adult lymphangioma of the axilla that was removed after identifying the feeding lymphatic vessel using an indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging system.

Presentation Of Case: A 35-year old woman presented to our hospital with a rapidly growing mass on her left axilla. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 13;12(5):e8087. Epub 2020 May 13.

General Surgery, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, TUR.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the visualization of breast lesions and to estimate whether MRI can be a reliable alternative to mammography (MG) and ultrasonography (USG) for this purpose. Materials and methods In this retrospective, single-center study, an analysis of medical files of 260 patients with breast masses as breast imaging reports and data system (BI-RADS) 4 and 5 at MRI was performed. The features of the breast lump, such as the side, location, multi foci or multicentricity, histopathological diagnosis, contrast-enhancement characteristics, radiological, and pathological axillary involvement, were noted. Read More

Breast 2020 Jun 10;53:8-17. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Como, Italy. Electronic address:

Breast cancer diagnosis and staging is based on mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) has gained momentum as an innovative and clinically useful method for breast assessment. CESM is based on abnormal enhancement of neoplastic tissue compared to surrounding breast tissue. Read More

Radiologia 2020 Jun 9. Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.

For women with a high risk of breast cancer, early detection plays an important role. Due to the high incidence of breast cancer, and at a younger age than in the general population, screening begins earlier, and there is considerable evidence that magnetic resonance is the most sensitive diagnostic tool, and the principal American and European guidelines agree on the recommendation to perform annual magnetic resonance (with supplemental annual mammography) as an optimal mode of screening. In addition to the absence of current consensus on which patients should be included in the recommendation for magnetic resonance screening (widely discussed in the introduction of part 1 of this work), there are other aspects that are different between guidelines, that are not specified, or that are susceptible to change based on the evidence of several years of experience, that we have called «controversies», such as the age to begin screening, the possible advisability of using a different strategy in different subgroups, performing alternate versus synchronous magnetic resonance and mammography, the age at which to terminate the two techniques, or how to follow up after risk reduction surgery. Read More

Can Assoc Radiol J 2020 Jun 10:846537120930360. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Cedar Breast Clinic, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Purpose: To review breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of radial scar (RS) with and without associated atypia/malignancy.

Methods: Twenty-eight (mean age 56.8) patients diagnosed with 30 biopsy-proven RS (n = 25, ultrasound-guided 14-gauge, n = 5, stereotactically guided 9-gauge) subsequently underwent breast MRI followed by surgery. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020 Jan-Apr;24(1):152-156. Epub 2020 May 8.

Department of Oral Pathology, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Over the decades, new equipment was emerged in medical field, and we have witnessed the importance of medical imaging such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, mammography and X-ray and their contribution in successful diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Now, we are in era of artificial intelligence (AI), where machines were modeled after human brain's ability to take inputs and produce outputs from given data. AI has a wide range of uses and applications in health services industry. Read More

Anticancer Res 2020 Jun;40(6):3491-3497

Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Aim: To investigate the usefulness of classification of ring-type dedicated breast positron-emission tomography (dbPET) findings in detection of breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: A total of 709 patients with breast cancer underwent dbPET before treatment. Each finding was morphologically categorized as a focus (uptake size ≤5 mm), mass (>5 mm), or non-mass (multiple uptakes not belonging to a three-dimensional mass or without distinct mass features). Read More

Radiol Med 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Struttura Complessa di Radiodiagnostica Universitaria (SOD 2), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly attractive for clinical application in perfusion imaging thanks to the absence of ionizing radiation and limited volumes of contrast agent (CA) necessary. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) involves sequentially acquiring T-weighted images through an organ of interest during the passage of a bolus administration of CA. It is a particularly flexible approach to perfusion imaging as the signal intensity time course allows not only rapid qualitative assessment, but also quantitative measures of intrinsic perfusion and permeability parameters. Read More

Breast J 2020 Jun 7;26(6):1179-1184. Epub 2020 May 7.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Modern breast imaging techniques include digital mammography, 3-dimensional tomography, high-resolution ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each of these has enabled the diagnosis of ever smaller, largely non-palpable lesions, not all of which require surgery. As these techniques evolved, so too did methods of accurately targeting and sampling the lesions, necessitating methods to mark the areas should surgical localization be needed. Read More

Radiol Technol 2020 May;91(5):447M-462M

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is projected to become a staple in breast imaging. It is considered ideal for younger women and women with dense breasts whose mammography findings typically are inconclusive because of large amounts of fibroglandular tissue. Because of its high resolution and ability to incorporate intravenous contrast media, MR also is useful for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Read More

Eur Radiol 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Despite its high diagnostic performance, the use of breast MRI in the preoperative setting is controversial. It has the potential for personalized surgical management in breast cancer patients, but two of three randomized controlled trials did not show results in favor of its introduction for assessing the disease extent before surgery. Meta-analyses showed a higher mastectomy rate in women undergoing preoperative MRI compared to those who do not. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2020 Jul 24;128:108975. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate whether potential differences in staging between a traditional staging imaging algorithm and F-FDG PET/MR lead to a change in patient management in breast carcinoma and to compare the diagnostic accuracy between the traditional staging algorithm and F-FDG PET/MR for the TNM classification.

Method: In this prospective cohort study from two university hospitals 56 women with newly diagnosed, therapy-naive breast cancer and increased pre-test probability for distant metastases were included. All patients were examined by a traditional staging imaging algorithm (X-ray mammography, breast ultrasonography, chest plain radiography, bone scintigraphy, and ultrasonography of the liver and axillary fossa) and whole-body F-FDG PET/MR including dedicated F-FDG PET/MR breast examinations. Read More

Semin Cancer Biol 2020 May 1. Epub 2020 May 1.

Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address:

Breast Cancer (BC) is the common form of cancer in women. Its diagnosis and screening are usually performed through different imaging modalities such as mammography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. However, mammography and ultrasound-imaging techniques have limited sensitivity and specificity both in identifying lesions and in differentiating malign from benign lesions, especially in presence of dense breast parenchyma. Read More

Anticancer Res 2020 May;40(5):2925-2932

University of Rzeszow, Faculty of Medicine, Rzeszow, Poland

Background/aim: Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a novel method of breast cancer diagnosis. Benign lesions are enhanced after contrast injection on both CESM and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kinetic curves on breast MRI facilitate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, while on CESM there is no such possibility and we need to asses lesions based only on their level of enhancement and its patterns. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2020 Apr 23;20(8). Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

The aim of this work was to develop multimodal anthropomorphic breast phantoms suitable for evaluating the imaging performance of a recently-introduced Microwave Imaging (MWI) technique in comparison to the established diagnostic imaging modalities of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound (US), mammography and Computed Tomography (CT). MWI is an emerging technique with significant potential to supplement established imaging techniques to improve diagnostic confidence for breast cancer detection. To date, numerical simulations have been used to assess the different MWI scanning and image reconstruction algorithms in current use, while only a few clinical trials have been conducted. Read More

Radiol Bras 2020 Mar-Apr;53(2):105-111

Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal.

Objective: To review the imaging features of granular cell tumors of the breast (on mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging), establishing a pathological correlation, in order to familiarize radiologists with this entity and make them aware of the differential diagnoses, other than malignancy, of lesions with spiculated margins.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the medical records (from a clinical-pathology database and picture archiving and communication system) of five patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of granular cell tumor of the breast, treated at the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Lisbon, in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, between January 2012 and December 2018.

Results: All five tumors exhibited imaging features highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS 5 lesions), namely spiculated margins, significant depth, and posterior acoustic shadowing (on ultrasound). Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2020 Apr 22;20(8). Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofWaterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.

Conventional breast cancer detection techniques including X-ray mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound scanning suffer from shortcomings such as excessive cost, harmful radiation, and inconveniences to the patients. These challenges motivated researchers to investigate alternative methods including the use of microwaves. This article focuses on reviewing the background of microwave techniques for breast tumour detection. Read More

Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020 Jun 17;181(2):255-268. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave. Ste 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.

Purpose: Women with personal history of breast cancer (PHBC) are currently recommended to receive annual mammography for surveillance of breast cancer recurrence or new primary. However, given issues in accuracy with mammography, there is a need for evolving evidence-based surveillance recommendations with supplemental imaging. In this systematic review, we compiled and compared existing studies that describe the test performance of surveillance breast MRI among women with PHBC. Read More

Clin Radiol 2020 Aug 11;75(8):641.e19-641.e27. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Aim: To assess the predictive value of preoperative residual mammographic microcalcifications for residual tumours after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This single-centre retrospective study included breast cancer patients who underwent NAC and demonstrated suspicious microcalcifications within or near the tumour bed on mammography from June 2015 to August 2018. The residual microcalcifications and remnant lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were correlated with histopathological findings of residual tumours and immunohistochemical markers. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2020 Apr 13. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Surgery, University College Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer. Diagnosis in younger women (under 35 years) is different to their older counterparts, and mammography is not considered as sensitive in this cohort. Consequentially, younger patients may present later with more advanced disease. Read More

Breast 2020 06 31;51:103-104. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, University Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, P.le S. Maria Della Misericordia, 15, 33100, Udine, Italy. Electronic address:

Breast 2020 06 31;51:102. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Department of Molecular Bioscience and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2500 Campus Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA. Electronic address:

Radiologia 2020 Jul - Aug;62(4):252-265. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España.

Screening plays an important role in women with a high risk of breast cancer. Given this population's high incidence of breast cancer and younger age of onset compared to the general population, it is recommended that screening starts earlier. There is ample evidence that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive diagnostic tool, and American and the European guidelines both recommend annual MRI screening (with supplementary annual mammography) as the optimum screening modality. Read More

Thorac Cancer 2020 06 31;11(6):1423-1432. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Department of Radiology, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, China.

Background: To identify the performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast cancer diagnosis by pooling the open published data.

Methods: A systematic review of studies relevant to CESM and MRI in the diagnosis of breast cancer were screened in the electronic databases of Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google scholar and CNKI. The methodical quality of the included publications was evaluated by the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Read More

J Biophotonics 2020 Jul 20;13(7):e202000005. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset of breast cancer that is more common in African-American and Hispanic women. Early detection followed by intensive treatment is critical to improving poor survival rates. The current standard to diagnose TNBC from histopathology of biopsy samples is invasive and time-consuming. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 03;382(13):1284

University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

N Engl J Med 2020 03;382(13):1283-1284

Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

N Engl J Med 2020 03;382(13):1283

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

N Engl J Med 2020 03;382(13):1282

International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France

N Engl J Med 2020 03;382(13):1282

National Cancer Institute, Jhajjar, India

Front Oncol 2020 6;10:257. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Some breast lesions are not visible on mammography or ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) become the only way to monitor these lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of MRI-guided biopsy and MRI-guided wire localization of breast minimal lesions in Chinese population. We evaluated 95 patients (the most patients of known in China) from August 2013 to December 2017. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2020 Mar 4;26:e920742. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Department of Radiology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow, Poland.

BACKGROUND Due to the decreased sensitivity of mammography in glandular breasts, new diagnostic modalities, like contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) have been developed. The aim of this study was to compare qualitative enhancement levels on CESM with type of kinetic enhancement curves on MRI examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients qualified for the CESM examination presented some diagnostic doubts - suspected multifocality, multicentricity, or having dense glandular breast tissue. Read More

PLoS One 2020 12;15(3):e0230347. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (AB-MRI) in women with a personal history (PH) of breast cancer as a screening tool.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1880 screening AB-MRIs in 763 women with a PH of breast cancer (median age, 55 years; range, 23-89 years) between October 2015 and October 2016. The total acquisition times of AB-MRI were 8. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2020 Mar 6;12(3). Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele", Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 San Giovanni Galermo, Italy.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) shows overlapping epidemiology with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, sharing similar risk factorssuch as age, mammographic density, family history, and hormonal therapy as well as genetic factors such as BRCA1/BRCA2, histotypes, and molecular subtypes such as luminal A and B, HER2 enriched, and basal-type, thus suggesting its potential precursor role. A small percentage of patients with a history of DCIS die without a documented intermediate diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). The increased risk of death is usually associated with ipsilateral recurrence such as IBC. Read More

Invest Radiol 2020 Jul;55(7):438-444

From the Image Sciences Institute.

Objectives: To reduce the number of false-positive diagnoses in the screening of women with extremely dense breasts using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we aimed to predict which BI-RADS 3 and BI-RADS 4 lesions are benign. For this purpose, we use computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on multiparametric assessment.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive data were used from the first screening round of the DENSE (Dense Tissue and Early Breast Neoplasm Screening) trial. Read More

Curr Med Imaging 2020 ;16(3):241-248

Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea.

Background: Basal-like carcinoma is one of the breast subtypes that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It has a poor prognosis and aggressive behavior. It is in a heterogeneous group with various other types of cancer, including metaplastic carcinoma, carcinomas with medullary features, medullary carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma arising in the setting of BRCA1 mutations. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2020 Mar 1;10(3). Epub 2020 Mar 1.

Universidad Humani Mundial, Campus San Francisco del Rincón, San Francisco del Rincón 37378, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Breast cancer is a disease that has emerged as the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. The annual mortality rate is estimated to continue growing. Cancer detection at an early stage could significantly reduce breast cancer death rates long-term. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2020 Feb 22. Epub 2020 Feb 22.

Department of Surgery, Kaplan Medical Center (affiliated to the School of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel; Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

Background: Tumor size is an important parameter in breast cancer staging. Definitive tumor size is determined by measurement of the pathologic specimen. However, prior to surgery, size must be assessed by imaging with mammography (MMG), ultrasound (US), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Read More