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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 Feb;50(2):99-105

Background And Objectives: Close follow-up of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been linked to improved visual outcomes. This study elucidates patient-identified barriers to DR follow-up in a diverse urban clinic population.

Patients And Methods: Patients 18 years of age or older with DR or macular edema were interviewed using a 21-question survey on attitudes and barriers toward care. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 Feb;50(2):69-75

Background And Objectives: Patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) have variable anatomic and visual responses to anti-vascular endothelial growth (VEGF) treatments based on their presenting visual acuity (VA). The aim of study is to report the baseline ocular and imaging characteristics of patients presenting with DME who were treatment-naïve and who initiated anti-VEGF in routine clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: Single-center, cross-sectional study of 638 patients. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 14:1120672119827856. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Purpose:: To determine whether anemia and other demographic or laboratory "risk factors" impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in diabetic macular edema patients.

Methods:: This is a retrospective, time-varying cohort study using a medical claims database to identify new diabetic macular edema patients who had received at least one intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Exclusion occurred for having <2 years in the plan prior to diabetic macular edema diagnosis, any history of proliferative retinopathy or any treatment that is used for diabetic macular edema. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

Aims: To analyze contrast sensitivity of intravitreal bevacizumab injections with optimizing glycemic control versus optimizing glycemic control (in combination with sham injections) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) DESIGN: Prospective, interventional, masked, randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Forty-one eyes of 34 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DME with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <11% received either intravitreal bevacizumab injection (Group 1) or sham injection (Group 2) at 0 and 6 weeks along with optimizing glycemic control. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured by central macular thickness (CMT) were compared and correlated at baseline, 2, 6 and 12 weeks. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 13:1120672119827855. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose:: To compare the efficacy of ranibizumab and aflibercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema associated with subfoveal retinal detachment.

Methods:: This is a retrospective, comparative study. The treatment-naïve diabetic macular edema patients who had diabetic macular edema associated with subfoveal retinal detachment and underwent intravitreal aflibercept or intravitreal ranibizumab treatment were included. Read More

Trials 2019 Feb 12;20(1):122. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

The Northern Ireland Clinical Trials Unit (NICTU), Belfast, UK.

Background: In the UK, macular laser is the treatment of choice for people with diabetic macular oedema with central retinal subfield thickness (CST) < 400 μm, as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. It remains unclear whether subthreshold micropulse laser is superior and should replace standard threshold laser for the treatment of eligible patients.

Methods: DIAMONDS is a pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, randomised, equivalence, double-masked clinical trial that aims to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser compared with standard threshold laser, for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema with CST < 400 μm. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Ophthalmology department, Aix-Marseille University, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi 276400, Shandong, China. Electronic address:

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlations of blood lipids with changes in macular volume and thickness in patients with diabetes.

Methods: Central subfield macular thickness (CSMT) and central subfield macular volume (CSMV) were measured in 85 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In addition, serum creatinine (Cr), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and proteinuria were measured in all patients. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 7;9(1):1561. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.

We investigated changes in retinal vascular area and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) after intravitreal aflibercept in diabetic macular edema (DME) and the association of these changes with visual outcomes. The retinal vascular area in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP) and the FAZ area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in 23 eyes of 23 patients with DME, before and after intravitreal aflibercept. Overall, there was no significant change in retinal vascular area or FAZ. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL. United States.

Background: Currently, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of permanent visual loss in working-age adults in industrialized nations. The chronic microangiopathic changes associated with diabetic retinopathy lead to the most common causes of severe permanent visual loss: diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Multiple studies have evaluated different pharmacotherapies for different levels of retinopathy. Read More

Ophthalmologica 2019 Jan 30:1-10. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai,

Purpose: This study evaluates the efficacy and patient satisfaction of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) as adjunctive treatment before panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for Chinese proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with or without clinically significant macular edema.

Methods: We enrolled 94 patients and categorized them into 2 groups: eyes that received PRP with single-dose IVC (0.5 mg/0. Read More

PLoS One 2019 25;14(1):e0210505. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.

Objective: To analyze quality and frequency of OCTA artifacts and to evaluate their impact on the interpretability of OCTA images.

Design: 75 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), or neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye care center.

Methods: All participants underwent an OCTA examination (spectral domain OCT Cirrus 5000 equipped with the AngioPlex module). Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 24;9(1):612. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Mitochondrial haplogroups H1, H2 and UK have previously been reported to be associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Caucasian patients with diabetes. We aimed to replicate this finding with a larger sample and expand the analysis to include different severities of DR, and diabetic macular edema (DME). Caucasian participants (n = 2935) with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes from the Australian Registry of Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy were enrolled in this study. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Joslin Diabetes Center, Beetham Eye Institute, Harvard Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Identifying the factors that are associated with the magnitude of treatment benefits from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) may help refine treatment expectations.

Objective: To identify the baseline factors that are associated with vision and anatomic outcomes when managing DME with anti-VEGF and determine if there are interactions between factors and the agent administered.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This post hoc analysis of data from the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network multicenter randomized clinical trial , Protocol T, was conducted between December 2016 and December 2017. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England.

JCI Insight 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

The angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie2 signaling pathway is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and its dysregulation is associated with several diseases. Interactions between Tie2 and α5β1 integrin have emerged as part of this control; however, the mechanism is incompletely understood. AXT107, a collagen IV-derived peptide, has strong anti-permeability activity and has enabled the elucidation of this previously undetermined mechanism. Read More

Drug Des Devel Ther 2019 11;13:301-307. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang 315600, People's Republic of China,

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid implant and intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of macular edema (ME).

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched for studies comparing dexamethasone implant with ranibizumab in patients with ME. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), and adverse events were extracted from the final eligible studies. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Mar 18;20(4):373-377. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

a Research Blue Ocean Clinical Research , Department of Vision Integrated Partners , Clearwater , FL , USA.

Ophthalmologica 2019 Jan 17:1-6. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Purpose: To evaluate real-life outcomes in treatment-naive patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents using a treat-and-extend regimen without a fixed loading phase.

Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and after 1 year of treatment, intervals and number of injections were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare anatomical and functional outcomes between patients receiving ranibizumab or aflibercept. Read More

Ophthalmologica 2019 Jan 16:1-4. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Sensho-kai Eye Institute, Uji, Japan.

The aim of this narrative mini review is to analyze optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters from reports that involved both superficial and deep vascular layers in patients with diabetes and to assess their relevance for the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Papers published from January 2015 to August 2018 describing the use of OCTA in diabetes were identified and reviewed through a Medline/PubMed search. OCTA studies suggest that parameters are altered in patients with diabetes in all retinal vascular layers. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg pro re nata (PRN) versus laser photocoagulation for the treatment of Chinese patients with visual impairment due to diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: REFINE was a phase III, 12-month, double-masked, multicenter, laser-controlled study in patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with DME. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 Jan;50(1):16-24

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have validated that baseline visual acuity (VA) can predict a variance response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. However, little is known about the initial systemic presentation of diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to report the baseline systemic findings of patients presenting with DME who received anti-VEGF in clinical practice. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 Jan;50(1):4-7

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 11;19(1):15. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

University General Hospital of Valencia, Avenida Tres Cruces S/N, 46015, Valencia, Spain.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) can be treated with different alternatives, among them Dexamethasone intravitreal implant 0.7 mg (DEX 0.7) has demonstrated that may improve both central macular thickness (CMT) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Read More

Value Health Reg Issues 2019 Jan 8;19:1-6. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.

Background: Despite the significant impact of retinal diseases such as wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), there is a limited understanding of how these conditions are managed in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE).

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical and economic burden of wAMD and DME in CEE and the status quo associated with their management.

Methods: A narrative literature review was undertaken to identify existing data on wAMD and DME, including epidemiology, economic burden, clinical guidelines, and available and reimbursed treatments. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Importance: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Studies have suggested that statins may reduce the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To investigate the association between statin therapy and the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 4. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Department of Precision Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China.

Purpose: With the aging population and the global diabetes epidemic, the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) diseases which are the leading causes of blindness is further increasing. Intravitreal injections with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications are the standard of care for their indications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), as a noninvasive imaging modality, plays a major part in guiding the administration of anti-VEGF therapy by providing detailed cross-sectional scans of the retina pathology. Read More

PLoS One 2019 4;14(1):e0209997. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Institut Clínic d´Oftalmología (ICOF), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term cumulative probability of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation with the intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) when used to treat different indications: diabetic macular edema, uveitis, retinal vein occlusion.

Methods: 705 IDI injections (429 eyes) were assessed and Kaplan-Meier graphs were generated to assess: the probability of different levels of IOP elevation (IOP≥21, ≥25 or ≥35 mmHg), IOP change ≥10 mmHg, initiation of IOP-lowering treatment, glaucoma surgery, IOP change with repeat injections and IOP elevation in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT).

Results: The cumulative probability of IOP ≥21, ≥25 and ≥35 mmHg was 50%-60%, 25%-30% and 6%-7% at 12-24 months, respectively. Read More

Cir Cir 2019 ;87(1):34-39

División de Investigación. Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México.

Background: Visual improvement after photocoagulation in focal diabetic macular edema is more frequent when temporal perifoveal area is not affected; functional status before treatment could be worse in eyes with perifoveal temporal thickening. The correlation between visual acuity and foveal sensitivity (usually significant), would allow to compare macular function.

Objective: To compare the correlation between retinal sensitivity and visual acuity in eyes with diabetic macular edema, with and without temporal perifoveal thickening. Read More

Spektrum Augenheilkd 2018 11;32(6):228-238. Epub 2017 Dec 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 4, 8036 Graz, Austria.

Background: We aimed to assess the efficacy of a single intravitreal perfluoropropane (CF) gas injection for the treatment of vitreomacular traction with or without a macular hole.

Methods: In this retrospective case series, seven eyes of six patients with symptomatic vitreomacular traction documented on optical coherence tomography, one with a macular hole additionally, received a single intravitreal CF gas injection of up to 0.3 ml. Read More

Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018 Dec 27;9(1). Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), an intermediate acting corticosteroid, is used in the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, such as inflammation, posterior uveitis, and diabetic macular edema. The objective of this investigation was to prepare TA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TA-SLNs) and in situ gel (TA-SLN-IG) formulations for delivery into the deeper ocular tissues through the topical route. TA-SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication method using glyceryl monostearate and Compritol 888ATO as solid lipids and Tween80 and Pluronic F-68 as surfactants. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 27;18(1):340. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: This was an updated network meta-analysis (NMA) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and laser photocoagulation in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Unlike previous NMA that used meta-regression to account for potential confounding by systematic variation in treatment effect modifiers across studies, this update incorporated individual patient-level data (IPD) regression to provide more robust adjustment.

Methods: An updated review was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials for inclusion in a Bayesian NMA. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(12):2029-2032. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine Cluj-Napoca 400014, Romania.

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(12):1957-1962. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.

Aim: To evaluate the thickness and volume changes of the choroidal, outer retinal layers (ORL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational case series. Consecutive DR patients were recruited for color fundus photography and OCT assessment. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(12):1951-1956. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Eye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health National Health System Foundation Trust, Leytonstone, London E11 1NR, UK.

Aim: To report real-life data on the use of an intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant in the treatment of refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) in pars plana vitrectomized (PPV) and non-PPV eyes.

Methods: This was a comparative retrospective observational study of 23 eyes with chronic DME. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were recorded at baseline, 1, 4 and 12mo. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2019 19;13:27-31. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Vitreoretinal Department, Ibn Al-Haetham Teaching Eye Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq,

Purpose: To determine the timing of neovascular regression after intravitreous injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) 1.25 mg given as initial therapy for eyes with high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) without clinically significant macular edema (CSME).

Patients And Methods: In this prospective uncontrolled interventional study, eyes with high-risk PDR without CSME were treated initially with intravitreous injections of bevacizumab 1. Read More

Int Ophthalmol Clin 2019 ;59(1):241-262

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018 Nov 17;7(6):24. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Purpose: The activation of microglia, the primary innate immune cell resident in the retina, produces inflammatory mediators, which underlie changes in diabetic retinopathy including increased vascular permeability. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of dextromethorphan, a drug capable of inhibiting microglial activation, in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: A single-center, prospective, open-label phase I/II clinical trial enrolled five participants with macular involving DME who received oral dextromethorphan 60 mg twice daily for 6 months as monotherapy. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 21. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Verona, Italy.

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct-Dec;32(4):303-309. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Egypt.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of diclofenac versus bevacizumab following single intravitreal injection in eyes with persistent diabetic macular edema.

Methods: Fifty eyes with persistent DME were randomly allocated to intravitreal injection of 500 µg/0.1 ml of diclofenac ( = 20) or 1. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Worcester, United Kingdom.

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 21. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) have consistently demonstrated efficacy and safety and changed both the aim and perspectives of diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment. Hence, the present and future role of focal/grid laser photocoagulation in DME treatment has been subjected to some debate. However, extensive insight into technical advances in novel laser systems, treatment protocols of anti-VEGF trials and the functional impact of modern focal/grid photocoagulation is needed to evaluate the present and future role of photocoagulation in DME treatment. Read More

Curr Med Res Opin 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

a Global Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmatelligence , Cardiff , UK.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) intravitreal implant between the observational Iluvien Clinical Evidence study in the United Kingdom (ICE-UK) and the Fluocinolone Acetonide in Diabetic Macular Edema (FAME) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in people with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00344968.

Methods: We selected patients randomized to receive 0. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Dec;49(12):e256-e262

Background And Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with macular hole (MH) formation after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD).

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of PPV for diabetic TRD performed by a surgeon (DS) at a large county hospital between November 2013 and August 2016.

Results: Ninety consecutive eyes of 79 patients were included in this case series, of which four eyes developed MH, yielding an incidence of 4. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 Dec;49(12):946-954

Background And Objective: Subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) treatment at 577 nm has been proposed as a safe and efficacious therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). The study objective was to evaluate the integrity of individual cone photoreceptors after SML treatment using high-resolution retinal imaging.

Patients And Methods: An observational cohort study of four subjects with DME treated using SML was followed over time. Read More

Ophthalmol Ther 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Introduction: To determine anatomical, functional, and intraocular pressure (IOP) responses to diabetic macular edema (DME) treatments pre- and post-0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant administration compared with baseline and the preceding 3 years.

Methods: This was a retrospective, chart review, cohort study in four U. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: To correlate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) criteria and clinical data with pathology of the vitreomacular interface (VMI) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study and laboratory investigation.

Methods: We included specimens of 27 eyes of 26 patients with center-involved DME that underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Read More

J Int Med Res 2018 Dec 16:300060518816884. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

2 Eye Treatment Centre, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy and may lead to severe visual loss. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of DMO and review current therapeutic options such as macular laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, and steroid implants with a focus on the new fluocinolone acetonide implant, ILUVIEN®. The results of the Fluocinolone Acetonide in Diabetic Macular Edema (FAME) studies are also presented together with the results of real-world studies to support the clinical use of ILUVIEN® in achieving efficient resolution of DMO and improving vision and macular anatomy in this challenging group of patients. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2018 Dec 16. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus that causes diabetic macular edema and visual loss. DR is categorized, based on the presence of vascular lesions and neovascularization, into non-proliferative and proliferative DR. Vascular changes in DR correlate with the cellular damage and pathological changes in the capillaries of blood-retinal barrier. Read More

J Med Econ 2019 Mar 9;22(3):254-265. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

e Market Access, Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd , Tokyo , Japan.

Aims: To estimate the impact of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents on visual impairment and blindness avoided in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and on associated patient and caregiver productivity loss in Japan.

Methods: This study compared the impact of current care (estimated at 53.8% utilization of anti-VEGF agents using current data) with that of hypothetical care (characterized by a higher utilization of anti-VEGF agents [80. Read More